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Your  code  are  my  tests

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ADVISORYIN ORDER TO EXPLAIN CERTAIN SITUATIONS YOU MIGHT FACE IN YOUR DEVELOPMENT CAREER, WE WILL BE DISCUSSING THE USAGE OF PRIVATES AND PUBLIC EXPOSURE. IF THESE TOPICS OFFEND OR UPSET YOU, WE WOULD LIKE TO ASK YOU TO LEAVE THIS ROOM NOW. !THE SPEAKER NOR THE ORGANISATION CANNOT BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR MENTAL DISTRESS OR ANY FORMS OF DAMAGE YOU MIGHT ENDURE DURING OR AFTER THIS PRESENTATION. FOR COMPLAINTS PLEASE INFORM ORGANISATION AT INFO@PHPCON.PL.

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Michelangelo van Dam!!

PHP Consultant Community Leader

President of PHPBenelux Contributor

Why  bother  with  tes3ng?

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Reasons  why  not  to  test

• No  %me  • No  budget  • We  deliver  tests  a4er  delivery  (  this  means  never  )  • We  don’t  know  how…

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No  excuses!!!

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Crea%ve  Co

mmon

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Responsibility  issue

• As  a  developer,  it’s  your  job  to  • write  code  &  fixing  bugs  • add  documenta%on  • write  &  update  unit  tests

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Pizza  principle

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Topping:  your  tests

Box:  your  documenta%on

Dough:  your  code

Benefits  of  tes3ng

• Direct  feedback  (test  fails)  • Once  a  test  is  made,  it  will  always  be  tested  • Easy  to  refactor  exis%ng  code  (protec%on)  • Easy  to  debug:  write  a  test  to  see  if  a  bug  is  genuine  • Higher  confidence  and  less  uncertainty

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Rule  of  thumb

“Whenever   you   are   tempted   to   type   something   into   a   print  statement  or  a  debugger  expression,  write  it  as  a  test  instead.”  !

—  Source:  Mar?n  Fowler

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Warming  up

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PHPUnit

• PHPUnit  is  a  port  of  xUnit  tes%ng  framework  • Created  by  “Sebas%an  Bergmann”  • Uses  “asser%ons”  to  verify  behaviour  of  “unit  of  code”  • Open  source  and  hosted  on  GitHub  

• See  h@ps://github.com/sebas%anbergmann/phpunit  • Can  be  installed  using:  

• PEAR  • PHAR  • Composer

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Approach  for  tes3ng

• Instan%ate  a  “unit-­‐of-­‐code”  • Assert  expected  result  against  actual  result  • Provide  a  custom  error  message

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Available  asser3ons• assertArrayHasKey()  • assertClassHasA@ribute()  • assertClassHasSta%cA@ribute()  • assertContains()  • assertContainsOnly()  • assertContainsOnlyInstancesOf()  • assertCount()  • assertEmpty()  • assertEqualXMLStructure()  • assertEquals()  • assertFalse()  • assertFileEquals()  • assertFileExists()  • assertGreaterThan()  • assertGreaterThanOrEqual()  • assertInstanceOf()  • assertInternalType()  • assertJsonFileEqualsJsonFile()  • assertJsonStringEqualsJsonFile()  • assertJsonStringEqualsJsonString()  

• assertLessThan()  • assertLessThanOrEqual()  • assertNull()  • assertObjectHasA@ribute()  • assertRegExp()  • assertStringMatchesFormat()  • assertStringMatchesFormatFile()  • assertSame()  • assertSelectCount()  • assertSelectEquals()  • assertSelectRegExp()  • assertStringEndsWith()  • assertStringEqualsFile()  • assertStringStartsWith()  • assertTag()  • assertThat()  • assertTrue()  • assertXmlFileEqualsXmlFile()  • assertXmlStringEqualsXmlFile()  • assertXmlStringEqualsXmlString()

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To  protect  and  to  serve

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Data  is  tainted,  ALWAYS

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Hackers BAD DATA

Web S

ervicesStupid users

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OWASP  top  10  exploits

19https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top_10_2013-Top_10

Filtering  &  Valida3on

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Smallest  unit  of  code

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Example  class<?php !/** ! * Example class ! */ !class MyClass !{ !    /** ... */ !    public function doSomething($requiredParam, $optionalParam = null) !    { !        if (!filter_var( !            $requiredParam, FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING, FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_HIGH !        )) { !            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid argument provided'); !        } !        if (null !== $optionalParam) { !            if (!filter_var( !                $optionalParam, FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING, FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_HIGH !            )) { !                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid argument provided'); !            } !            $requiredParam .= ' - ' . $optionalParam; !        } !        return $requiredParam; !    } !}

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Tes3ng  for  good   /** ... */!    public function testClassAcceptsValidRequiredArgument() !    { !        $expected = $argument = 'Testing PHP Class'; !        $myClass = new MyClass; !        $result = $myClass->doSomething($argument); !        $this->assertSame($expected, $result,  !            'Expected result differs from actual result'); !    } !!   /** ... */     !    public function testClassAcceptsValidOptionalArgument() !    { !        $requiredArgument = 'Testing PHP Class'; !        $optionalArgument = 'Is this not fun?!?'; !        $expected = $requiredArgument . ' - ' . $optionalArgument; !        $myClass = new MyClass; !        $result = $myClass->doSomething($requiredArgument, $optionalArgument); !        $this->assertSame($expected, $result,  !            'Expected result differs from actual result'); !    }

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Tes3ng  for  bad    /** !     * @expectedException InvalidArgumentException !     */ !    public function testExceptionIsThrownForInvalidRequiredArgument() !    { !        $expected = $argument = new StdClass; !        $myClass = new MyClass; !        $result = $myClass->doSomething($argument); !        $this->assertSame($expected, $result,  !            'Expected result differs from actual result'); !    } !     !    /** !     * @expectedException InvalidArgumentException !     */ !    public function testExceptionIsThrownForInvalidOptionalArgument() !    { !        $requiredArgument = 'Testing PHP Class'; !        $optionalArgument = new StdClass; !        $myClass = new MyClass; !        $result = $myClass->doSomething($requiredArgument, $optionalArgument); !        $this->assertSame($expected, $result,  !            'Expected result differs from actual result'); !    }

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Example:  tes3ng  payments<?php  namespace  Myapp\Common\Payment;      class  ProcessTest  extends  \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase  {          public  function  testPaymentIsProcessedCorrectly()          {                  $customer  =  new  Customer(/*  data  for  customer  */);                  $transaction  =  new  Transaction(/*  data  for  transaction  */);                  $process  =  new  Process('sale',  $customer,  $transaction);                  $process-­‐>pay();                      $this-­‐>assertTrue($process-­‐>paymentApproved());                  $this-­‐>assertEquals('PAY-­‐17S8410768582940NKEE66EQ',  $process-­‐>getPaymentId());          }  }

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We  don’t  live  in  a  fairy  tale!

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Real  code,  real  apps

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github.com/Telaxus/EPESI

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Running  the  project

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Where  are  the  TESTS?

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Where  are  the  TESTS?

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Oh  noes,  no  tests!

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Let’s  get  started

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How  to  get  about  it?

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Se]ng  up  for  tes3ng<phpunit colors="true" stopOnError="true" stopOnFailure="true">! <testsuites>! <testsuite name="EPESI admin tests">! <directory phpVersion="5.3.0">tests/admin</directory>! </testsuite>! <testsuite name="EPESI include tests">! <directory phpVersion="5.3.0">tests/include</directory>! </testsuite>! <testsuite name="EPESI modules testsuite">! <directory phpVersion="5.3.0">tests/modules</directory>! </testsuite>! </testsuites>! <php>! <const name="DEBUG_AUTOLOADS" value="1"/>! <const name="CID" value="1234567890123456789"/>! </php>! <logging>! <log type="coverage-html" target="build/coverage" charset="UTF-8"/>! <log type="coverage-clover" target="build/logs/clover.xml"/>! <log type="junit" target="build/logs/junit.xml"/>! </logging>!</phpunit>

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ModuleManager• not_loaded_modules  • loaded_modules  • modules  • modules_install  • modules_common  • root  • processing  • processed_modules  • include_install  • include_common  • include_main  • create_load_priority_array  • check_dependencies  • sa%sfy_dependencies  • get_module_dir_path  • get_module_file_name  • list_modules  • exists  • register  • unregister  • is_installed  

• upgrade  • downgrade  • get_module_class_name  • install  • uninstall  • get_processed_modules  • get_load_priority_array  • new_instance  • get_instance  • create_data_dir  • remove_data_dir  • get_data_dir  • load_modules  • create_common_cache  • create_root  • check_access  • call_common_methods  • check_common_methods  • required_modules  • reset_cron

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ModuleManager::module_install/** ! * Includes file with module installation class. ! * ! * Do not use directly. ! * ! * @param string $module_class_name module class name - underscore separated ! */ !public static final function include_install($module_class_name) { !    if(isset(self::$modules_install[$module_class_name])) return true; !    $path = self::get_module_dir_path($module_class_name); !    $file = self::get_module_file_name($module_class_name); !    $full_path = 'modules/' . $path . '/' . $file . 'Install.php'; !    if (!file_exists($full_path)) return false; !    ob_start(); !    $ret = require_once($full_path); !    ob_end_clean(); !    $x = $module_class_name.'Install'; !    if(!(class_exists($x, false)) || ! !array_key_exists('ModuleInstall',class_parents($x))) !        trigger_error('Module '.$path.': Invalid install file',E_USER_ERROR); !    self::$modules_install[$module_class_name] = new $x($module_class_name); !    return true; !}

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Tes3ng  first  condi3on<?php !!require_once 'include.php'; !!class ModuleManagerTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase !{ !    protected function tearDown() !    { !        ModuleManager::$modules_install = array (); !    } !!    public function testReturnImmediatelyWhenModuleAlreadyLoaded() !    { !        $module = 'Foo_Bar'; !        ModuleManager::$modules_install[$module] = 1; !        $result = ModuleManager::include_install($module); !        $this->assertTrue($result, !            'Expecting that an already installed module returns true'); !        $this->assertCount(1, ModuleManager::$modules_install, !            'Expecting to find 1 module ready for installation'); !    } !}

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Run  test

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Check  coverage

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Test  for  second  condi3onpublic function testLoadingNonExistingModuleIsNotExecuted() !{ !    $module = 'Foo_Bar'; !    $result = ModuleManager::include_install($module); !    $this->assertFalse($result, 'Expecting failure for loading Foo_Bar'); !    $this->assertEmpty(ModuleManager::$modules_install, !        'Expecting to find no modules ready for installation'); !}

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Run  tests

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Check  coverage

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Test  for  third  condi3onpublic function testNoInstallationOfModuleWithoutInstallationClass() !{ !    $module = 'EssClient_IClient'; !    $result = ModuleManager::include_install($module); !    $this->assertFalse($result, 'Expecting failure for loading Foo_Bar'); !    $this->assertEmpty(ModuleManager::$modules_install, !        'Expecting to find no modules ready for installation'); !}

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Run  tests

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Check  code  coverage

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Non-­‐executable  code

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Test  for  successpublic function testIncludeClassFileForLoadingModule() !{ !    $module = 'Base_About'; !    $result = ModuleManager::include_install($module); !    $this->assertTrue($result, 'Expected module to be loaded'); !    $this->assertCount(1, ModuleManager::$modules_install, !        'Expecting to find 1 module ready for installation'); !}

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Run  tests

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Check  code  coverage

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Look  at  the  global  coverage

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Bridging  gaps

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Privates  exposed

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Dependency• __construct  • get_module_name  • get_version_min  • get_version_max  • is_sa%sfied_by  • requires  • requires_exact  • requires_at_least  • requires_range

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A  private  constructor!<?php !!defined("_VALID_ACCESS") || die('Direct access forbidden'); !!/** ! * This class provides dependency requirements ! * @package epesi-base ! * @subpackage module  ! */ !class Dependency { !!    private $module_name; !    private $version_min; !    private $version_max; !    private $compare_max; !!    private function __construct(! $module_name, $version_min, $version_max, $version_max_is_ok = true) { !        $this->module_name = $module_name; !        $this->version_min = $version_min; !        $this->version_max = $version_max; !        $this->compare_max = $version_max_is_ok ? '<=' : '<'; !    } !!    /** ... */ !}

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Don’t  touch  my  junk!

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House  of  Reflec3on

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Let’s  do  this…<?php !require_once 'include.php'; !!class DependencyTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase !{ !    public function testConstructorSetsProperSettings() !    { !        require_once 'include/module_dependency.php'; !!        // We have a problem, the constructor is private!!    } !}

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Let’s  use  the  sta3c$params = array ( !    'moduleName' => 'Foo_Bar', !    'minVersion' => 0, !    'maxVersion' => 1, !    'maxOk' => true, !); !// We use a static method for this test !$dependency = Dependency::requires_range( !    $params['moduleName'], !    $params['minVersion'], !    $params['maxVersion'], !    $params['maxOk'] !); !!// We use reflection to see if properties are set correctly !$reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass('Dependency');

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Use  the  reflec3on  to  assert// Let's retrieve the private properties !$moduleName = $reflectionClass->getProperty('module_name'); !$moduleName->setAccessible(true); !$minVersion = $reflectionClass->getProperty('version_min'); !$minVersion->setAccessible(true); !$maxVersion = $reflectionClass->getProperty('version_max'); !$maxVersion->setAccessible(true); !$maxOk = $reflectionClass->getProperty('compare_max'); !$maxOk->setAccessible(true); !!// Let's assert !$this->assertEquals($params['moduleName'], $moduleName->getValue($dependency), !    'Expected value does not match the value set’);! !$this->assertEquals($params['minVersion'], $minVersion->getValue($dependency), !    'Expected value does not match the value set’);! !$this->assertEquals($params['maxVersion'], $maxVersion->getValue($dependency), !    'Expected value does not match the value set’);! !$this->assertEquals('<=', $maxOk->getValue($dependency), !    'Expected value does not match the value set');

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Run  tests

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Code  Coverage

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Yes,  paradise  exists

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Unit  tes3ng  is  not  difficult!

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You  just  need  to  get  started

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PHP  has  all  the  tools

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And  there  are  more    roads  to  Rome

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Recommended  reading

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Need  help?

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Michelangelo van Dam !michelangelo@in2it.be @DragonBe

www.in2it.be

Ques3ons?

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joind.in/11840!!

If you liked my talk, thanks. If not, let me know how to improve it