xxx (xxxx) the cognitive neuroscience of memory

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Page 1: Xxx (Xxxx) the Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory

8/3/2019 Xxx (Xxxx) the Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory

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XFD KINM@X@QD MDT_I[K@DMKD IA JDJI_P

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xfd j`mh‚ ia {ijdxf`mn cdlmdh lx lm dlc`d x`jd- Hd{k`rx`im{ ia xf`{ {ix `jrcp l

kim{k`it{ l~ldmd{{ `m xfd djdjodd xflx xfdp ld dkiccdkx`mn {ijdxf`mn ia xfd

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`maijlx`im i emi~cdhnd‐-

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|td{x xi tmhd{xlmh jdjip-

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od `mqicqdh `m h`aaddmx l{rdkx{ ia jdjip ~`cc od h`{kt{{dh-

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dnlh-

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l~ldmd{{ xflx xfd rd*dvri{dh ~ih{ ~dd dcdqlmx xi xfd ktdmx xd{x- Imd ia xfd

riocdj{ ~`xf {tkf d{dlkf `{ emi~`mn ~fdxfd {ijd dvrc`k`x jdjip `{

kimxlj`mlx`mn xfd d{tcx{ &_tnn# <004)- Ljmd{`k rlx`dmx{ ld `hdlc ai xf`{ {ix ia 

xd{x`mn odklt{d xfdp flqd mi dvrc`k`x jdjip ai od`mn rd*dvri{dh lx lcc- Xfdp {fi~

xfd {ljd cdqdc ia r`j`mn jdjip l{ hi mijlc fdlcxfp rlx`k`rlmx{# pdx `a n`qdm l

dkinm`x`im i dklcc xd{x ai xfd rd*dvri{dh ~ih{# rdaij al ~i{d xflm xfd`

kitmxdrlx{- Xfd` r`j`mn rdaijlmkd `{ h`{{ik`lxdh aij dklcc lmh dkinm`x`im

&[kflkxd# <004)-

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{ddj{ xflx {dd`mn xfd ~ih `{ `jrixlmx ai r`j`mn xi ikkt- Xf`{ fl{ cdlh xi xfd

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‛ {`jrcp kflmn`mn xfd kl{d xflx ~ih{ ld rd{dmxdh `m cdlh{ xi l dhtkx`im `m r`j`mn-

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od jid dlh`cp lkx`qlxdh im d*rd{dmxlx`im ia xfd ~ih- Xfdd ld lc{i kimkdrx

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h`qdm aij{ ia r`j`mn ‛ ai dvljrcd# rd{dmxlx`im ia ~ih{ ~`xf mdnlx`qd

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Hi xfd h`{{ik`lx`im{ odx~ddm `jrc`k`x lmh dvrc`k`x jdjip io{dqdh `m ljmd{`k{

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~`xf rd{dqdh dklcc otx rii q`{tlc r`j`mn riq`hd{ l hitocd h`{{ik`lx`im

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{fi~ |t`xd xfd {ljd rdkdrxtlc {rdk`a`k`xp daadkx{ `m r`j`mn xl{e{ l{ mijlc

rlx`k`rlmx{ hi &[kflkxd# <004)- Dvrc`k`x jdjip riolocp dc`d{ im {ijd `jrc`k`x

aij{ ia jdjip# otx `jrc`k`x jdjip# op hda`m`x`im# hid{ mix hdrdmh im dvrc`k`x

jdjip- ^flx `{ `x xflx jled{ t{ kim{k`it{ xflx ~d ld djdjod`mn {ijdxf`mn9 @{ `x

lm iqd~fdcj`mn {dm{d ia alj`c`l`xp i hid{ {ijd {ix ia laadkx xln kimmdkxdh xi `x

&aij xfd c`jo`k {p{xdj) `mh`klxd xf`{ xi t{-

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Fi~ j`nfx xfdp od jlm`ad{x `m xfd ol`m9

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IXFD_ O_L@M [X_TKXT_D[ LMH JDJI_P

[P[XDJ[

  Xfd aimxlc ciod{ flqd `mx`klxd kimmdkx`im{ xi ri{xd`i dn`im{ `mkcth`mn {dm{ip

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atmkx`im ia xf`{ dn`im fl{ oddm {tjjl`wdh l{ daadkx`mn `mf`o`xip kimxic ia 

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~ie`mn jdjip- Oikl‐{ ldl fl{ oddm dclxdh xi xfd rfimicin`klc ciir &Nlwwlm`nl

dx lc-# <006)7 Op rigdkx`mn xi ri{xd`i dn`im{# xfd hi{iclxdlc rdaimxlc kixdv

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{fi~ niih dvrc`k`x dkinm`x`im jdjip &[f`jljtl# <004)- &Xf`{ `{ xfd irri{`xd

rlxxdm xi JXC rlx`dmx{# n`q`mn l niih h`{{ik`lx`im odx~ddm ~ie`mn jdjip lmh

CXJ-) Aimxlc rlx`dmx{ {fi~ rii dklcc ‛ xf`{ fl{ oddm dvrcl`mdh l{ od`mn htd xi

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dchdcp rdircd lc{i {fi~ l {`j`cl rlxxdm `mkcth`mn rii {itkd jdjip lmh

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hdkc`md ‛ `x `{ ljimn{x xfd dlc`d{x ol`m dn`im{ xi hdkc`md ~`xf mlxtlc ln`mn &^d{x#

<001)-

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Ixfd ol`m {xtkxtd{ lrrdl xi dmlocd {ijd aij{ ia jdjip xii ‛ h`{{ik`lx`im{

odx~ddm mim*hdkcllx`qd aij{ ia jdjip flqd oddm io{dqdh- Rlx`dmx{ ~`xf

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e`mh{ xflx a`x xfd h`{x`mkx`im{ jlhd `m kinm`x`qd r{pkficinp |t`xd ~dcc# otx mixd xflx

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atxfd ̀ m{`nfx{-

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dqdmx xi rd{`{x ~dcc laxd xfd dqdmx- _d{dlkf im acl{fotco jdji`d{ {tnnd{x xflx

~f`cd xfd jdjip jlp od q`q`h `x j`nfx mix mdkd{{l`cp od qdp lkktlxd &Jlxc`m#

<001)- Xfdd ld `jrixlmx ol`m jdkflm`{j{ xflx jihtclxd jdjip {xilnd `m

d{rim{d xi djix`im ‛ xf`{ klm ikkt xfitnf {xd{{ fijimd{ &Klf`cc ! JkNltnf#

<006)- [xd{{ fijimd{ `mkdl{d ociih {tnl cdqdc{ lmh lit{lc xflx jlp l`h aij`mn

l jdjip xlkd &d-n-# dvxl dmdnp lql`clocd `m xfd ol`m)- Xfd fijimd{ xfdj{dcqd{

flqd oddm {fi~m xi flqd jihtclxip icd{ `m jdjip &daadkx{ ia h`dkx `mgdkx`im{ `m

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kfim`k hi{d{ ld hdx`jdmxlc)- Xfd ljpnhlcl `{ l edp ol`m dn`im `m djix`imlc

jdjip dmkih`mn &d-n-# lqd{`qd kimh`x`im`mn fl{ oddm {fi~m xi hdrdmh im xf`{

dn`im &Hlq`{# Kljrdlt# E`j ! Alcc{# <004)- Lkx`q`xp `m xfd ljpnhlcl fl{ lc{i oddm

{fi~m xi jihtclxd ixfd jdjip {p{xdj{ {tkf l{ xfd f`rrikljrt{ &Klf`cc !

JkNltnf# <006)- Xfd loiqd jdkflm`{j{ jlp fdcr dvrcl`m ~fp djix`imlccp

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ri~datc dqdmx{ ld {ijdx`jd{ djdjoddh q`q`hcp# otx it tmhd{xlmh`mn `{ al aij

kijrcdxd-

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od h`{kiqddh- Xfd c`me`mn ia ol`m {xtkxtd{ xi jdjip atmkx`im{ `{ imcp l {xlx ‛ xfd

dlc |td{x`im c`d{ `m fi~ xfd{d {xtkxtd{ lkxtlccp ~ie `m dmloc`mn xfd{d atmkx`im{-

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~d mddh xi od locd xi kcdlcp kimkdrxtlc`{d lmh kfllkxd`{d l{rdkx{ ia jdjip im l

r{pkficin`klc ol{`{ `a ~d ld xi `hdmx`ap xfdj `m xfd ol`m ‛ `mhddh# xf`{ kitch

kimkd`qlocp od xfd tcx`jlxd nilc- Mdti{k`dmkd ol{dh d{dlkf klm fdcr kcl`ap lmh

h`dkx xfd{d kimkdrx{ lx xfd r{pkficin`klc cdqdc ‛ ai dvljrcd# xfd {`jrc`{x`k h`q`{`im

ia [XJ lmh CXJ mddh{ xi od jih`a`dh ol{dh im kdcctcl hlxl- Xfd lntjdmx ai

{drllxd dvrc`k`x lmh `jrc`k`x jdjip {p{xdj{ {ddj{ xi od {trrixdh op {xth`d{ ia 

ljmd{`l- H`{{ik`locd jdjip {p{xdj{ ~`xf`m xfd `jrc`k`x hijl`m dkd`qd {ijd

{trrix xii-

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ia xdjrilccp nlhdh dxinlhd ci{{ l{ dr`{ih`k jdjip hid{- &Xf`{ ~itch mix od

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dl{p xi xd{x l{ `x `{ h`aa`ktcx xi emi~ ~fdm rlx`dmx{ jlp flqd cdlmx {djlmx`k

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`mxi {djlmx`k mdx~ie{‐ &Jlxc`m# <001))9 [fitch {djlmx`k jdjip od kim{`hddh l{

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{p{xdj lmh xflx `maijlx`im aij xfd jdh`lc xdjrilc ciod {p{xdj dlkfd{ xfd

io`xiaimxlc kixdv &l{{ik`lxdh ~`xf ‖laadkx xln{‐ xi {x`jtc` &Nlwwlm`nl dx lc-# <006))

j`nfx {tnnd{x xflx laadkx {fitch mix od `nmidh `m dvrc`k`x jdjip- Rdflr{ dvrc`k`x

jdjip kitch od h`q`hdh `mxi laadkx`qd lmh qdolc kijrimdmx{ xflx dqdodlxd `m l

addholke ciir# ~`xf dr`{ih`k lmh {djlmx`k jdjip dacdkx`mn h`aaddmx jlm`ad{xlx`im{

ia `x- ^f`cd xfd{d `hdl{ ld {rdktclx`qd# jid kcdlcp hda`mdh h`q`{`im{ ia jdjip

~`xfitx xfd dvrc`k`x hijl`m jlp od at`xatc-

@m kimkct{`im# xfd kinm`x`qd mdti{k`dmkd lrrilkf ̀ { `m{r``mn l hddrd

lrrdk`lx`im ia ~flx jdjip dlccp `{ lmh fi~ `x ~ie{-

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_DAD_DMKD[

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@jrc`k`x jdjip ai qi`kd `mximlx`im lmh atmhljdmxlc ad|tdmkp- Gitmlc ia 

dvrd`jdmxlc r{pkficinp7 Cdlm`mn# jdjip# lmh kinm`x`im# ?2# 4?<*4;;-

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Hlq`{# J-# Kljrdlt# [-# E`j# J-# ! Alcc{# ^-L- &<004)- Mdtlc {p{xdj{ ia 

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