xx. c hina - adv-res.com · hina ry hina has a tarim, jung figure xx-1 jiangh i, 2013. bundant sh...
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XX. China
June, 2013
XX. C
SUMMA
C
Sichuan,
Source: AR
CHINA
ARY
China has a
Tarim, Jung
Figure XX-1Jiangh
I, 2013.
bundant sh
ggar, Songli
. China’s Sevhan, Junggar,
XX
ale gas and
ao, the Yang
ven Most Pros Sichuan, Son
EIA/ARI W
X-1
d shale oil
gtze Platform
spective Shalengliao, Subei, T
World Shale Ga
potential in
m, Jianghan
e Gas and ShaTarim, and Ya
s and Shale Oil
n seven pro
and Subei,
ale Oil Basinsangtze Platfor
Resource Asses
ospective ba
Figure XX-1
are the m.
ssment
asins:
1.
XX. China
June, 2013
C
marine- a
Junggar
gas reso
Jianghan
tables XX
C
Risked, t
are estim
place), T
are store
hydraulic
T
from our
incorpora
extracted
recent dr
S
Sichuan
governm
5.8 to 9.7
China has an
and lacustrin
(36 Tcf), an
urces totalin
n and Subei
X-1A through
China’s also
technically r
mated at 32.
Table XX-2A
ed mostly in
c stimulation
The shale ga
prior year 2
ates a signif
d from abou
rilling data.
Shale gas lea
Basin and Y
ent has set
7 Bcfd by 20
n estimated
ne-deposited
d Songliao (
ng 222 Tcf e
basins. Th
h XX-1E.
has consid
ecoverable
2 billion bar
through XX
lacustrine-d
.
as and shale
2011 EIA/AR
ficant new i
ut 600 publi
asing and ex
Yangtze Plat
an ambitiou
020.
XX
1,115 Tcf of
d source roc
(16 Tcf) bas
exist in the s
e risked sha
derable sha
shale oil res
rrels, out of
X-2C. Howev
deposited sh
oil resource
RI shale gas
information
shed techni
xploration dr
tform areas
us but proba
EIA/ARI W
X-2
f risked, tech
ck shales of
sins. Additio
maller, struc
ale gas in-pl
le oil poten
sources in th
643 billion b
ver, China’s
hales, which
e assessme
s assessmen
from ARI’s
ical articles
rilling alread
and led by
ably unachie
World Shale Ga
hnically reco
f the Sichuan
onal risked, t
cturally more
lace for Chin
ntial which i
he Junggar,
barrels of ris
shale oil res
may be cla
nt for China
nt. Importan
proprietary
(mostly Ch
dy are under
PetroChina
evable targe
s and Shale Oil
overable sha
n (626 Tcf),
technically re
e complex Y
na is estima
is geologica
Tarim, and
sked, prospe
sources tend
ay-rich and l
represents
ntly, this upd
data base
hinese langu
rway in Chin
, Sinopec, a
t for shale g
Resource Asses
ale gas, mai
Tarim (216
ecoverable s
Yangtze Plat
ated at 4,746
ally less def
Songliao b
ective shale
d to be waxy
ess favorab
a major upg
date assess
of geologic
uage) as we
na, focused i
and Shell an
gas producti
ssment
nly in
Tcf),
shale
tform,
6 Tcf,
fined.
asins
oil in
y and
ble for
grade
sment
data
ell as
in the
d the
on of
XX. China
June, 2013
Physical Exten
t
T
Resource
Basic Data
Reservoir
Properties
AT
GIRiRi
Ga
De
Physical Exten
t Pr
Th
Resource
Basic Data
Reservoir
Properties Re
AvThCl
Ta
Ta
GIP ConcentratRisked GIP (TcRisked Recove
Gas Phase
Depth (ft)
Prospective Ar
Thickness (ft)
Basin/G
Shale FGeolo
Depositiona
Reservoir Pres
Average TOC (wThermal MaturiClay Content
OrgNet InteAve
IP Concentration isked GIP (Tcf)isked Recoverable
as Phase
epth (ft)
rospective Area (m
hickness (ft)
Basin/Gross
Shale FormGeologic
Depositional En
eservoir Pressure
verage TOC (wt. %hermal Maturity (%lay Content
ble XX-1A. Ch
ble XX-1B. Ch
Organically RiNet IntervalAverage
tion (Bcf/mi2)cf)rable (Tcf)
rea (mi2)
Gross Area
Formationogic Ageal Environment
sure
wt. %)ity (% Ro)
Niu
ganically Rich
ervalerage
(Bcf/mi2)
e (Tcf)
mi2)
s Area
mation Age
nvironment
e
%)% Ro)
XX
hina Shale Ga
hina Shale Ga
QiongzhuL. Cambria
Marine
6,500
ch 500275
10,000 - 16,13,200Mod.
Overpres3.0%
3.20%Low
Dry Gas
109.8499.6124.9
utitang/ShuijintuoL. Cambrian
Marine
1,280
533267
9,840 - 16,40013,120
Normal
6.6%2.25%Low
Dry Gas
148.945.711.4
EIA/ARI W
X-3
as Resources
as Resources
usi Longmaan L. Siluria
Marine
10,070
1,000400
,400 9,000 - 15,11,500
s.Mod.
Overpres3.2%
2.90%Low
s Dry Gas
162.61,146.1286.5
Sichuan
(74,500 m
o
670
394197
8,200 - 12,000 110,000
Normal
2.0%1.15%Low
Wet Gas
51.08.21.6
LongmL. Silu
Mar
World Shale Ga
and Geologic
and Geologic
axi Permiaan Permiae Marine
0 20,900
314251
,500 3,280 - 160 9,700
ss.Mod.
Overpre4.0%
2.50%Low
s Dry Ga
114.11 715.2
214.5
n
mi2)
1,230
394197
10,000 - 14,760 3,12,380
Normal
2.0%2.00%Low
Dry Gas A
67.119.84.9
Jianghan
(14,440 mi2)
maxiurianrine
s and Shale Oil
c Properties.
c Properties.
an L. Camban L. Cambe Marin
0 3,25
500275
6,400 10,000 - 10 13,20 ss.
Norm
3.0%% 3.20%
Low
as Dry G
99.42 181.5 45.2
Yan
(
650 1
700 7175 1
300 - 7,000 7,000 5,500 8
Normal No
2.0% 20.85% 1.Low L
Assoc. Gas We
14.1 41.8 10.2
QixiaPM
Resource Asses
brian L. Silubrian L. Silune Mari
50 5,03
0 1,005 40016,400 9,000 - 100 11,5
mal Norm
% 3.2%% 2.90w Low
Gas Dry G
4 1470 414
2 103
ngtze Platform
(611,000 mi2)
,100 2,0
700 70175 17 - 10,000 10,000 - ,500 11,5
ormal Norm
2.0% 2.015% 1.80
Low Lo
et Gas Dry G
48.3 66.10.6 27.2.7 6.
a/MaokouPermianMarine
ssment
urianurianne
35
00015,500
500
mal
%0%w
Gas
.1
.7
.7
80
0075 13,120
500
mal
0%0%w
Gas
.6
.79
XX. China
June, 2013
Physical Exten
tResource
Basic Data
Reservoir
Properties
Physical Extent
Resource
Basic Data
Reservoir
Properties
Ta
Ta
GIP ConcentrRisked GIP (TRisked Recov
Gas Phase
Depth (ft)
Prospective A
Thickness (ft)
Basin
ShaleGeo
Deposition
Reservoir Pre
Average TOCThermal MatuClay Content
GIP ConcentraRisked GIP (TcRisked Recove
Gas Phase
Depth (ft)
Prospective Ar
Thickness (ft)
Basin/G
Shale FGeolo
Depositiona
Reservoir Pres
Average TOC (wThermal MaturClay Content
ble XX-1C. Ch
ble XX-1D. Ch
Organically RNet IntervalAverage
ration (Bcf/mi2)Tcf)verable (Tcf)
Area (mi2)
)
n/Gross Area
e Formationologic Agenal Environmen
essure
C (wt. %)urity (% Ro)
Organically RNet IntervalAverage
ation (Bcf/mi2)cf)erable (Tcf)
rea (mi2)
Gross Area
Formationogic Ageal Environment
ssure
wt. %)rity (% Ro)
XX
hina Shale Ga
hina Shale Ga
MufushL. Camb
Marine
2,040
Rich 400300
13,000 - 1614,700
Norma
2.1%1.20%Low
Dry Ga
118.629.07.3
nt
L. CambrL. Cambr
Marine
6,520
Rich 380240
11,000 - 1614,620
Normal
2.0%2.0%Low
Dry Gas
77.1175.944.0
t
EIA/ARI W
X-4
as Resources
as Resources
anriane
0 5,37
820246
6,400 11,500 - 10 12,50
al Norm
1.1%% 1.15%
Low
as Wet G
6 66.042.510.6
U. OrdWuf
rian L. Ordovrian L. Ordove Marin
19,42
300170
6,400 10,000 - 10 13,69
l Norm
2.4%1.80%Low
s Dry G
59.8377.594.4
World Shale Ga
and Geologic
and Geologic
0 9,62
0 8206 24613,500 13,500 - 00 14,5
al Norm
% 1.1%% 1.45w Low
Gas Dry G
0 87.5 1016 25.
dovician-L. SilurMarine
Greater Su
(55,000 m
feng/Gaobiajian
vicianvicianne
20 10,45
300160
16,400 8,610 - 190 10,79
al Norm
% 2.1%% 0.90w Low
as Assoc.
8 12.65 32.8
4 3.3
Tarim
(234,200
M.M
s and Shale Oil
c Properties.
c Properties.
20 1,35
0 5006 150 16,400 3,300 - 8
500 5,80
mal Norm
% 2.0%5% 1.15w Low
Gas Wet G
8 35.8.4 5.84 1.5
rian
ubei
mi2)
n
50 10,9
0 3900 24012,670 9,840 - 190 12,1
mal Norm
% 2.5%0% 2.00w Low
Gas Dry G
6 85.8 2323 58.
m
mi2)
.-U. Ordovician.-U. Ordovician
Marine
Resource Asses
50 290
0 5000 1508,200 8,000 - 1,
00 9,000
mal Norma
% 2.0%% 1.35%
w Low
Gas Dry Ga
8 55.48 1.95 0.5
U. PermianU. Permian
Marine
KetuL. TriaLacus
30 15,9
0 4000 20016,400 9,500 - 180 13,0
mal Norm
% 3.0%0% 0.90w Low
Gas Assoc.
0 40..3 1611 16.
n
ssment
000
al
%
as
uerassictrine
20
0016,40000
mal
%0%w
. Gas
5.21
XX. China
June, 2013
Reservoir
R
Reservo
ir
Properties
Resource
O
R
ATC
O
R
Physical Exten
t P
T
D
Basic Data
Ta
Ta
GIP CoRiskedRisked
Gas Ph
Depth (
Physical Extent Prospe
Thickn
Resource
Basic Data
Dep
Reservoir
Properties Reserv
AveragThermaClay Co
OrNeIntAv
Risked Recoverab
Oil Phase
Reservoir Pressur
Average TOC (wt. Thermal Maturity Clay Content
OIP Concentration
Shale ForGeologic
Risked OIP (B bbl
Prospective Area
Thickness (ft)
Depth (ft)
Basin/Gro
Depositional E
able XX-1E. Ch
able XX-2A. C
OrganNet IntervAvera
oncentration (B GIP (Tcf) Recoverable (
hase
(ft)
ective Area (mi
ess (ft)
Basin/Gross A
Shale FormatGeologic Ag
positional Envi
voir Pressure
ge TOC (wt. %)al Maturity (% ontent
rganically Richet tervalverage
ble (B bbl)
re
%) (% Ro)
n (MMbbl/mi2)
rmationc Age
l)
(mi2)
ss Area
Environment
XX
hina Shale Ga
China Shale Oi
P
nically Rich
valage
Bcf/mi2)
(Tcf)
2)
Area
tiongeronment
Ro)
LongmaxiL. Silurian
Marine
670
394197
8,200 - 12,00010,000
Normal
2.0%1.15%Low
Condensate
5.0
0.8
0.04
EIA/ARI W
X-5
as Resources
il Resources a
ingdiquan/LucPermian
Lacustrine
7,400
820410
6,600 - 16,411,500
Highly Overpr
5.0%0.85%
Medium
Assoc. Ga
64.7172.417.2
J
(62
650
700175
3,300 - 7,000 75,500
Normal
2.0%0.85%Low
Oil C
28.5
3.7
0.18
Jianghan
(14,440 mi2)
Qixia/MaPermMarin
World Shale Ga
and Geologic
and Geologic
caogou TriTri
e Lac
8
84
400 5,00010
ress.H
Ove4
0.Me
as Asso
611
Junggar
2,100 mi2)
WU.
1,100
700175
,000 - 10,0008,500
Normal
2.0%1.15%Low
Condensate
5.7
1.3
0.06
aokouianne
s and Shale Oil
c Properties.
Properties.
(10
iassic Qiiassic C
custrine L
8,600
820410
0 - 16,400 3,0,000ighly
erpress.Mod
4.0%.85%edium
oc. Gas A
60.587.5
18.7
Wufeng/GaobiajiaOrdovician-L. Silu
Marine
5,370
820246
11,500 - 13,50012,500
Normal
1.1%1.15%Low
Condensate
7.0
4.5
0.23
Great
(55,0
Resource Asses
Songliao
08,000 mi2)
ngshankouCretaceousLacustrine
6,900
1,000500
300 - 8,2005,500
d. Overpress.
4.0%0.90%
Medium
Assoc. Gas
45.0155.415.5
an U. Permurian U. Perm
Marine
1,350
500150
3,300 - 85,800
Norma
2.0%1.15%Low
Condens
6.2
1.0
0.05
ter Subei
000 mi2)
ssment
mianmiane
0
8,2000
al
%%
sate
5
XX. China
June, 2013
In
commerc
high tecto
of in-cou
1. S
P
C
S
su
fo
in
st
a
S
m
fa
N
Ri
Reservoir
Properties
Resource
Oi
Re
AvThCl
OI
Ri
Physical Extent Pr
Th
De
Basic Data
Ta
nitial drilling
cialization m
onic stress),
ntry horizon
South China
Platform. T
Cambrian and
Sichuan Basi
urface wate
ocusing on t
n H2S. Th
tructurally co
nd still cons
Shale targets
mature, but lo
aulted. Petro
North Americ
OrgNet InteAve
isked Recoverable
il Phase
eservoir Pressure
verage TOC (wt. %hermal Maturity (%lay Content
IP Concentration
Shale FormGeologic
isked OIP (B bbl)
rospective Area (m
hickness (ft)
epth (ft)
Basin/Gross
Depositional En
able XX-2B. C
g confirms
may be challe
, restricted a
tal drilling an
a “Shale C
These areas
d Silurian ag
in -- China’s
er supplies,
he southwes
e adjacent
omplex with
idered prosp
s in the sou
ower in TOC
oChina’s firs
ca). The in
M.-M.-
anically Rich
erval 8erage
e (B bbl)
e
%)% Ro)
(MMbbl/mi2)
mationAge
mi2)
s Area
vironment
XX
China Shale Oi
China’s sh
enging due
access to ge
nd fracturing
Corridor”: S
s have clas
ge that are ro
s premier sha
and close
st quadrant
Yangtze P
poor data c
pective.
thwestern p
C (~2%) tha
st horizontal
nduced fract
-U. Ordovician-U. Ordovician
Marine
10,450
300160
8,610 - 12,67010,790
Normal
2.1%0.90%Low
Oil
11.9
31.1
1.55
Tarim
(234,200
EIA/ARI W
X-6
il Resources a
hale gas a
to the typica
eologic data,
g services.
Sichuan, Ji
ssic marine-
oughly comp
ale gas area
proximity to
of the basin
Platform and
control, but a
portion of the
an North Am
shale well r
tures grew p
Ketuer PL. TriassicLacustrine
15,920
400200
9,500 - 16,40013,000
Normal
3.0%0.90%Low
Oil
32.5
129.5
6.47
m
mi2)
World Shale Ga
and Geologic
and oil res
ally complex
and the hig
ianghan, S
-deposited,
parable to N
a -- has exis
o major cit
n, which is re
d the Jiang
also located
e Sichuan B
merican shale
required 11 m
planar due
Pingdiquan/LucaoPermian
Lacustrine
7,400
820410
6,600 - 16,40011,500
Highly Overpres
5.0%0.85%
Medium
Oil
40.9
108.9
5.44
Ju
(62,
s and Shale Oil
Properties.
source pote
x geologic st
gh cost and r
Subei Basin
quartz-rich,
North Americ
sting gas pip
ies. Curre
elatively less
ghan and S
close to ma
Basin are br
es and furth
months to dr
to high stre
ogou TriassiTriassic
Lacustrin
8,600
820410
0 5,000 - 1610,000
ss. Highly Overp
4.0%0.85%
Medium
Oil
43.3
134.1
6.70
unggar
100 mi2)
Resource Asses
ential, but
tructure (fau
rudimentary
ns and Yan
black shale
can analogs.
pelines, abun
nt exploratio
s faulted an
Subei basins
ajor cities ce
rittle and dry
ermore still
rill (vs 2 wee
ess and this
Songli
(108,000
c Qingshac Cretacene Lacustr
6,900
1,000500
,400 3,300 - 80 5,500
press. Mod. Over
4.0%% 0.90%m Mediu
Oil
66.4
229.2
11.46
ssment
rapid
ulting,
state
ngtze
es of
The
ndant
on is
d low
s are
enters
y-gas
quite
eks in
s well
iao
mi2)
ankoueousrine
0
008,2000
rpress.
%%um
4
2
6
XX. China
June, 2013
p
ve
n
ex
is
ca
2. T
s
N
re
a
te
a
m
p
d
3. J
g
T
a
th
co
B
co
o
4. S
C
s
a
is
co
roduced a d
ertical well,
earby. Sino
xpressed in
ssues can b
apable of pr
The Tarim B
hales of Ca
No shale lea
emoteness a
re mostly too
ends to be lo
lso are iss
mudstone ha
roduction in
evelopment
unggar Bas
eology. Per
TOC; 20% m
ppear prosp
hermal matu
ontinuous s
Basin is the
oncomitant i
il prospects
Songliao Ba
Cretaceous s
hales are la
dvantages o
solated half-
onsiders the
disappointing
but noted ho
opec, BP, C
nterest in th
be solved, t
roviding seve
Basin has r
mbrian and
asing or dr
and extreme
o deep, reac
ow (1-2%).
sues. Sha
ave potentia
the Tarim B
.
sin, while no
rmian source
maximum) a
pective. Th
urity ranges
hale oil and
lacustrine
issues of bri
in the simila
asin, China’
source rock
acustrine in
of being over
grabens at
e Songliao B
XX
g initial rate
ole instability
Chevron, Co
he region.
the Sichuan
eral Bcfd of s
relatively de
Ordovician
rilling have
e depth of the
ching prospe
Nitrogen co
llower, lowe
l. Horizonta
Basin, provid
ot the larges
e rocks are e
nd over-pre
he structura
s from oil t
d wet gas le
rather than
ttleness and
ar, smaller S
’s largest o
shales in th
origin and
r-pressured
depths of 3
Basin to be
EIA/ARI W
X-7
of 560 Mcfd
y and out-of-
onocoPhillips
Assuming i
n may beco
supply within
eep shale g
age that are
been repor
e shale. Str
ective depth
ontamination
er-rank Ord
al wells alre
ding a good
st shale reso
extremely th
ssured. Tri
al geology o
to wet gas
eads were id
n marine de
d “frack-abilit
antanghu Ba
il-producing
he oil to wet
unfavorably
and naturall
300 to 2,500
prospective
World Shale Ga
d. Shell tes
f-zone devia
s, Statoil, TO
its significan
ome China’s
n 20 years.
gas potentia
e rich in car
rted, probab
ructure is rel
only on upl
n (~20%) an
dovician sha
eady accoun
foundation f
ource in Ch
hick (averag
iassic sourc
of the basin
within the
dentified. T
epositional o
ty”. Shell an
asin just eas
region, the
gas window
y rich in cl
ly fractured.
0 m but fau
e for shale
s and Shale Oil
ted 2.1 milli
tion while dr
OTAL and o
nt geologic
s premier s
al in marine
rbonate and
bly because
latively simp
ifts where T
nd karstic co
ale and Tr
nt for half of
for applicatio
ina, may ha
e 1,000 ft), r
ce rocks are
n is favorab
prospectiv
The main ris
origin of the
nd Hess are
st of the Jun
e Songliao
ws. While th
ay minerals
Prospectiv
lting is inten
exploration
Resource Asses
on ft3/day fr
rilling horizo
others also
and operat
shale gas b
-deposited
often grapt
e of this ba
ple but the s
OC unfortun
ollapse struc
riassic lacus
f convention
on in future s
ave its best s
rich (4% ave
e leaner but
bly simple,
e area. L
k in the Jun
e shale and
evaluating s
nggar Basin.
has thick L
hese organic
s, they have
ve shales occ
nse. PetroC
and has alr
ssment
rom a
ntally
have
tional
basin,
black
tolitic.
asin’s
hales
nately
ctures
strine
nal oil
shale
shale
erage
t also
while
Large,
nggar
d the
shale
Lower
c-rich
e the
cur in
China
ready
XX. China
June, 2013
n
co
d
re
re
5. O
co
T
s
Q
co
b
lo
co
INTROD
C
of deline
legal, tec
petition f
from con
March 2
commerc
support s
H
industry
challenge
America.
faults -- s
have slo
resource
oted comm
onducted a
rilled and h
eservoir. Th
eservoirs in t
Other Basin
ould not be
Turpan-Hami
hales that a
Qaidam Basi
ontaining Up
ut are very
ow TOC and
oaly and duc
DUCTION
China has ab
ation, evalua
chnological,
rom the Min
ventional re
012 the Tw
cial develop
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e. CBM outp
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study of sh
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d high clay c
ctile. No sha
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istry of Land
esources, alt
welfth Five-Y
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ment are un
e prevailing
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ically active
s production
put is still und
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m lateral, 11-
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l other sedi
due to low
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st of the Ta
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content (80%
ale drilling h
le gas and s
esting. Chin
ercial fronts.
d and Resou
hough the o
Year Plan fo
ina’s shale
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rably less fav
plicate and
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n of coalbed
der 0.5 Bcfd
EIA/ARI W
X-8
uction here.
potential at
deep horizo
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mentary ba
geologic q
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ownership of
or Shale Ga
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ration.
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vorable in C
slow comme
ale basins a
not conduciv
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following 20
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ontal wells
technology c
asins in Chin
quality or ins
ar, has equi
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ks with high
le structure
rboniferous
ported in thes
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ment is prior
mber 2011 th
) to separate
f shale oil re
as Developm
while fiscal
is shared b
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ercial develo
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ng oil field.
into a tight
could be ap
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nd appear p
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but its Tria
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se less pros
ntial that is a
ritizing shale
he State Co
e the owner
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ment envisio
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y ARI, is th
n North Ame
opment com
ally complex
developmen
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ommercial d
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Jilin Oilfield
t sandstone
pplied to sha
ale potentia
ata control.
mian organic
prospective.
ded depres
appear oil p
ssic shales
n mudstone
spective area
at the early s
e developme
uncil approv
ship of shale
mains unclea
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erica. Nume
mpared with N
x with nume
nt. Similar is
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development
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ale oil
al but
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as.
stage
ent on
ved a
e gas
ar. In
scale
es to
c and
erous
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erous
ssues
al gas
t.
XX. China
June, 2013
F
for large-
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low but a
years in
the serv
horizonta
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best are
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commerc
shale gas
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evaluatio
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Figure XX
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gas/oil po
urthermore,
-scale horizo
number of h
at least mea
the future.
vice sector’s
al shale we
to market.
ndustry is ca
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ity, with ext
ment.”1 And
cialize its sh
s output targ
Another issu
ly is publicl
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drawn on
mately 400 te
a maps prov
our main on
X-1. These
South China
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Additional ba
otential (e.g.
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ontal drilling
horizontal sh
aningful prod
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ells, and ins
autious rega
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ale resource
get of 7.7 Bc
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sidered by C
its extensiv
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include:
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asins exist b
., Ordos, Qa
XX
rvice sector
combined w
hale gas and
duction rates
ble work is n
to effective
stall the ext
rding China’
ers observe
ding and fa
cial recently
es in a large
cfd by 2020 a
availability.
in other co
China to be
ve proprietar
pers publish
cation of geo
ons assesse
dor (Sichuan
Songliao ba
but may lack
aidam, Turpa
EIA/ARI W
X-9
is just begin
with massive
d oil wells ha
s. Significan
needed to de
ely and eco
tensive surf
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ed: “the Si
ulting, appe
y noted: “It w
e way.”2 The
appears am
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ountries – an
state secret
ry China sh
ed in Chine
ologic contro
ed by this s
n, Jianghan,
asins in nort
k data contr
an-Hami).
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nning to acq
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onomically
face infrastr
e of shale g
ichuan Bas
ears to be
will be a lo
e National E
bitious in thi
the basic g
nd essentia
ts. To over
hale geology
ese language
ol (or lack the
study have
Subei basin
hern China.
rol or do not
s and Shale Oil
uire the nec
e hydraulic s
ested thus fa
ial productio
eologic swee
drill and st
ructure need
as developm
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a significan
ng time bef
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is context.
geologic and
al for resour
rcome these
y data base
e. Data loc
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shale gas a
ns and Yang
t appear to
Resource Asses
cessary capa
stimulation.
ar, with gene
on appears s
et spots, dev
timulate mo
ded to tran
ment. Even
erable struc
nt risk for s
fore China c
nistration’s m
d well data
rce and pros
e data limitat
e, compiled
cations plotte
and oil pote
gtze Platform
have large s
ssment
ability
Only
erally
some
velop
odern
nsport
in its
ctural
shale
could
mean
a that
spect
tions,
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ed on
ential,
m).
shale
XX. China
June, 2013
1. SY
1.1 In
O
area of s
and adjo
provinces
broad re
China’s m
region ap
Barnett),
high ther
T
and inclu
Cambria
XX-2 illu
potential
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sequence
carbon- a
dry-gas t
primarily
probably
informati
Silurian,
adjoining
SOUTH CHIYANGTZE P
ntroduction
Organic-rich
south-centra
oining Yang
s, as well as
egion, Paleo
most prospe
ppears favor
significant e
rmal maturity
The overall s
udes multiple
n, Ordovicia
ustrates the
ly prospectiv
Paleozoic sh
e and the clo
and quartz-r
to over-matu
within fresh
more duct
on by Petro
and Upper
g regions offe
INA SHALEPLATFORM
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marine shal
al and easte
tze Platform
s the smalle
ozoic shales
ective shale
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hwater lacust
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oChina, She
r Permian m
er some of C
XX
E CORRIDM
gic Setting
les, mostly g
ern China. T
m in Sichua
r Jianghan a
s in the Sic
gas potentia
ot dissimilar
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st concerning
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ch shales of
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hy of the S
rian, L. Siluri
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trine (rather
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ell, and oth
marine shal
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EIA/ARI W
X-10
OR : SICH
gas-prone to
This “Shale
an, Yunnan,
and Subei ba
chuan Basin
al. Howeve
with certain
still exist. Th
g – intense f
n the South
marine and
Permian, Tr
Sichuan Bas
an, and U. P
na Shale C
oductive Nor
onal origin,
ast, the Trias
than marine
ospective.
hers -- indic
es in the S
promise for
World Shale Ga
UAN, JIAN
o thermally
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, Guizhou,
asins in sou
n and Yang
er, while the
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hese include
faulting and
China Shale
non-marine
riassic, and
sin and Ya
Permian sou
Corridor -- th
rth American
and mostly
ssic and Eo
e) environme
Our work -
cates that th
Sichuan Ba
r shale gas d
s and Shale Oil
NGHAN, SU
over-mature
omprises th
Hubei, and
utheastern C
gtze Platform
essential ro
rican shales
e locally exce
structural co
e Corridor is
e origin with
Eocene for
ngtze Platfo
urce rocks.
he most pro
n shales -- ty
thermally m
ocene shales
ents and ten
-- consisten
he Lower C
asin, Yangtz
developmen
Resource Asses
UBEI BASI
e, underlie a
e Sichuan B
western H
China. Within
m offer som
ock quality in
s (e.g., Marc
essive depth
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s 6 to 12 km
in Pre-Camb
rmations. F
orm, highlig
ospective o
ypically are
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s were depo
nd to be clay
t with publ
Cambrian, L
ze Platform,
t.
ssment
NS,
a vast
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Hunan
n this
me of
n this
ellus,
h and
thick
brian,
Figure
ghting
f this
thick,
n the
osited
y-rich,
ished
Lower
, and
XX. China
June, 2013
T
structura
discontin
of natura
reservoir
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Figure XXPotentia
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lly more c
nuous area to
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ERA
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ARI, 2013.
n Basin cov
complex an
o the south a
convention
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hic traps (ma
also is prod
PERIOD
QUATERNARY
CRETACEOUS
RBONIFEROUS
ORDOVICIAN
PRE-SINIAN
ource Rock
SINIAN
TERTIARY
JURASSIC
SILURIAN
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CAMBRIAN
TRIASSIC
XX
phy of the Sichve L. Cambrian
vers a large
nd sparsely
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nal and low-
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ainly faulted
duced from o
EPOCH
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huan Basin ann, L. Silurian,
e 74,500-mi2
drilled Ya
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overlying Ju
FORMATIO
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HUAN BASIN
World Shale Ga
nd Yangtze Pla and U. Permia
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ty sandstone
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en
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uan
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s and Shale Oil
atform, Highlian Source Ro
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ently produce
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rs a larger
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tored in com
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00
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00
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ssment
e the
r but
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mplex
in. A
nal oil
XX. China
June, 2013
and gas
the main
have bee
(up to 18
of these
A
Chinese
ARI extra
Chinese
well/outc
control o
provide s
mapped
Figure XX
Source: A
fields are un
n target of c
en discovere
8%) occur in
contaminant
A number of
and English
acted a sub
and 20 E
crop location
f shale thick
selected ex
and charact
X-3. StructuralShale Data
ARI, 2013.
nderlain and
current shale
ed more rece
sour gas fie
ts are much
technical jou
h, with the v
bstantial dat
English lang
ns, and 1,46
kness, depth
amples of s
terized the th
l Elements of Locations and
XX
d were sourc
e gas explo
ently. Extre
elds such as
lower in the
urnal articles
volume and
ta base on
guage techn
62 total sam
h, structural g
specific geo
hree distinct
Sichuan Basid High-Graded
EIA/ARI W
X-12
ced by deep
ration. Pro
emely high H
s Puguang in
e south but c
s have been
quality of p
Sichuan Ba
nical article
mples, Figur
geology, the
ologic data t
Paleozoic s
n and Adjoinid Areas for Ca
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terozoic to
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can still be lo
n published o
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asin source
es, comprisi
re XX-3. T
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to illustrate
shale leads d
ng Yangtze Plambrian, Silur
s and Shale Oil
ich Paleozo
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rations (up t
east part of t
ocally signific
on the Sichu
s increasing
rock shale
ng 23 cros
This data se
ity, and orga
our conclu
discussed be
latform Showrian, Permian
Resource Asses
ic marine sh
c gas fields
to 50%) and
he basin. L
cant.3
uan Basin in
g in recent y
geology fro
ss-sections,
et provides
anic content
sions. We
elow.
ing ARI-ProprShales.
ssment
hales,
s also
d CO2
evels
n both
years.
m 47
714
good
. We
then
rietary
XX. China
June, 2013
T
Sinian (P
Mesozoic
regional
structura
compres
T
Depressi
by relativ
region fo
Basin are
with larg
example
condition
eastern f
more str
developm
Figure XX
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The Sichuan
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c to Cenozo
extension d
l transitiona
sion during t
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ion, Central
vely simple
or shale gas
e structurally
e offset; the
, a cross-se
ns in the C
fold belt, Fig
ucturally co
ment.
X-4. NorthwesSimple Struc
Zou et al., 201
n Basin / Ya
n) to Mesoz
oic. Three
during the Ca
al phase d
the late Yan
n-day Sichu
Uplift, and t
structure an
s developme
y more comp
ese areas ar
ction throug
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gure XX-4.5
mplex, but l
st-Southeast Scture in Centra
1.
XX
angtze Platf
oic time, tra
major tecto
aledonian a
during the
nshanian to H
uan basin
he East and
nd compara
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plex, charac
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gh the northe
t transitionin
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lacks data c
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EIA/ARI W
X-13
form region
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onic events
nd Hercynia
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tively few fa
rast, the Ea
cterized by n
dered prosp
ern Sichuan
ng abruptly
ing Yangtze
control and
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n behaved a
into a forela
punctuated
an orogenies
to early Y
orogenies (C
four tecto
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aults, appea
ast and Sout
numerous clo
pective for s
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into the h
e Platform to
is quite cha
f Northern SicHighly Faulted
s and Shale Oil
as a passiv
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this time in
s (Ordovicia
Yanshanian
Cretaceous to
onic zones:
e Central Up
ars to be the
th Fold Belt
osely spaced
shale gas de
ws relatively
ighly faulted
o the south
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chuan Basin, Sd Fold Belt in t
Resource Asses
ve margin d
etting during
nterval, inclu
an to Permia
orogenies,
o Neogene)
the North
lift, characte
e most attra
ts of the Sic
d folds and f
evelopment.
simple struc
d and defo
and east is
assess for s
Showing Relatthe East.
ssment
during
g the
uding
an), a
and
.4
hwest
erized
active
chuan
faults
For
ctural
ormed
even
shale
tively
XX. China
June, 2013
T
Basin me
and dept
prospect
EIA/ARI
shale lea
geology,
and acce
O
elevated
occurred
region ha
addition,
extremel
thermoch
processin
Luojiazai
northeas
T
Qiongzhu
and their
the Sichu
1,000 ft o
mostly lo
illustrates
4%.7 T
overmatu
was ove
Longmax
Sichuan
The new geo
eets the sta
th, dry to we
ive area we
study. This
asing and dr
good acces
ess to major
Other parts o
H2S contam
along activ
as shale po
the conven
y high hydr
hemical sulfa
ng costs, it is
i gas field,
st Sichuan Ba
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usi, L. Siluria
r equivalents
uan Basin.
of organical
ow to mode
s TOC distr
hermal mat
ure (Ro 2.4%
r 4% but th
xi has exhib
Basin.9
ologic data
andard explo
et gas therm
e mapped w
s emerging “
rilling activit
ss with flat s
urban gas m
of the Sichua
mination. T
ve strike-slip
otential but
ntional rese
rogen sulfide
ate reduction
s a dangero
killing 233
asin (~8%).
ain organic-r
an Longmax
s, Figure XX
Most import
ly rich, black
erate at up
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turity is high
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is paramete
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XX
indicate tha
oration criter
al maturity,
with new da
sweet spot”
y, as it app
surface cond
markets.
an Basin are
The 2008 Si
p faults in t
was screen
ervoirs in th
e content, fr
n (TSR).6 N
ous safety ha
villagers.
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tant is the L
k, graptolitic
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hows in at
EIA/ARI W
X-14
at only the
ria for shale
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ata is consid
in the south
ears to offe
ditions, exis
e structurally
chuan earth
the northwe
ed out due
e northern
requently in
Not only does
azard as wel
Carbon dio
ntly, northea
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units source
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nsisting ma
entional pet
eases with
easured from
t to measure
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World Shale Ga
southweste
e developme
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r China’s be
ting pipeline
y and/or topo
hquake, cen
est portion o
to excessiv
portion of t
excess of
s H2S reduc
ll: in 2003 a
oxide conten
ast Sichuan w
he Sichuan
and the U.
ed many of th
ongmaxi Fm
liceous to c
inly of Type
roleum well
depth, rang
m the Wei-2
e and frequ
eep conven
s and Shale Oil
ern quadrant
ent: suitable
e structural
aller than in
uan Basin do
est combina
es, abundan
ographically
ntered in We
of the Sichu
ve structura
the Central
10% by vol
ce gas reserv
sour gas we
nt also can
was screene
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he conventio
m, which con
herty shale.
e II keroge
, ranging fro
ging from d
01 and Ning
uently under
tional wells
Resource Asses
t of the Sic
e shale thick
complexity.
n the initial
ominates Ch
ation of favo
nt water sup
complex or
enchuan Co
uan Basin.
al complexity
Uplift can
lume, cause
ves and incr
ell blew out i
n be high in
ed out as we
the L. Cam
ongtan forma
onal reservo
tains an ave
TOC conte
n. Figure
om 0.4% to
ry gas pron
g-201 shale
restimated.8
in the sou
ssment
chuan
kness
The
2011
hina’s
orable
plies,
have
ounty,
This
y. In
have
ed by
rease
in the
n the
ell.
mbrian
ations
oirs in
erage
ent is
XX-5
over
ne to
wells
The
thern
XX. China
June, 2013
T
Formatio
cutoff, th
potential
has an o
ray black
T
field in th
of 230 to
FigPetr
The second
on. Althoug
he Qiongzhu
. The forma
overall thickn
k shale, whic
The Qiongzh
he southern
o 400 m of to
gure XX-5. TOroleum Explor
Sourc
shale gas
h deeper th
usi contains
ation was de
ness of 250 t
ch has about
usi black sh
Sichuan Bas
otal formatio
XX
OC Distributioration Well, Si
e: Liu et al., 2
target in
han the Long
high-quality
eposited und
to 600 m. O
t 3.0% TOC
hale is consid
sin, where th
on thickness
EIA/ARI W
X-15
n of L. Siluriachuan Basin,
2011
the Sichua
gmaxi and m
y source roc
der shallow
Of particular
(sapropelic)
dered the pr
he organical
. Mineralog
World Shale Ga
an Longmaxi F Showing 0.4%
an Basin is
mostly scree
cks that pro
marine con
note is the
) that is dry-
rincipal sour
lly rich hot s
y appears fa
s and Shale Oil
Fm in a Deep % to Over 4%.
the Camb
ened out by
ovide furthe
ntinental she
60 to 300 m
-gas-prone (a
rce rock for
hale is abou
avorably brit
Resource Asses
brian Qiong
y the 5-km d
r shale reso
elf conditions
m of high-gam
about 3.0%
the Weiyuan
ut 120 m thic
ttle, being hi
ssment
zhusi
depth
ource
s and
mma-
Ro).
n gas
ck out
igh in
XX. China
June, 2013
quartz an
well flow
at a dep
Qiongzhu
T
only scan
has bee
deposits
to high g
interest
developm
O
such as t
example
Cambria
here tota
Liuchapo
outcrop p
the unit’s
T
in the ce
Wuhan.
Cretaceo
Asia. So
shale so
thickness
km) and
Basin, a
Cambria
nd other brit
wed nearly 1
pth of 2,800
usi at Weiyu
The Yangtze
nt well contr
n tectonical
as they are
grade with c
in the regio
ment areas.1
Our analysis
the Cambria
, Figure XX
n Xiaoyanxi
als nearly 10
o Formation
photo of L.
s strong bedd
The Jiangha
entral Yang
Jianghan
ous to Tertia
omewhat ov
ource rocks
s, depth, TO
significantly
long with A
n, Silurian, a
tle minerals
million ft3/d
m. PetroC
uan field (see
e Platform a
rol, very little
ly deformed
e in the Sich
current data
on, while res1
of the Yang
an correlatio
X-7 shows T
Formation
0 m thick wi
consists ma
Cambrian b
ding and brit
an Basin is a
tze Platform
is a rift ba
ary time, indu
verlooked fo
-- similar to
OC, and Ro,
y faulted. F
ARI-proprieta
and Permian
XX
(65%) and
ay from an
China recent
e Activity be
area is struc
e of which h
d and partly
uan Basin b
a availability
searchers h
gtze Platform
n shown in
TOC vs dep
in the Yanw
ith exception
ainly of che
black chert n
ttle characte
a convention
m of Jiangx
asin that de
uced by tran
or shale exp
o those in S
although ev
Figure XX-9
ary shale ga
n shale leads
EIA/ARI W
X-16
fairly low in
unstimulate
tly tested th
low).10
cturally more
has been pu
y eroded.
but rather iso
. Neverthe
have begun
m depends h
Figure XX-6
pth distributio
wutan-Lijiatuo
nally rich ave
rt with avera
north of Gui
er.13
nal petroleu
i and Hube
eveloped on
nspressional
ploration, the
Sichuan and
ven in high-g
illustrates t
as data loc
s.
World Shale Ga
clay (30%).
ed organic-ric
he first horiz
e complex t
ublished. Th
Indeed, the
olated remn
less, Chevr
to map out
heavily on o
6; subsurface
on for a 10
o area, Yang
erage 7.5%
age 2.3% T
yang city, G
m producing
ei provinces
n the Centr
tectonics re
e Jianghan
d the Yangt
graded area
the structura
ations and
s and Shale Oil
In 1966 a
ch Qiongzhu
zontal well c
han the Sic
he Paleozoi
e shales are
ant basins w
ron and BP
t potentially
outcrop and
e control rem
00-m thick o
gtze Platform
TOC. The u
TOC. Figure
Guizhou Pro
g region cov
, close to t
ral Yangtze
elated to Ind
Basin has
tze Platform
as they are m
al elements
the high-gr
Resource Asses
conventiona
usi shale int
completed i
huan Basin,
c sequence
e not contin
which are di
have expre
y favorable s
road cut stu
mains weak
outcrop of th
m.12 Black s
underlying S
e XX-8 show
ovince, displa
vering 14,50
the major c
Platform d
dia’s collision
Lower Pale
m -- with su
mostly deep
of the Jian
raded locatio
ssment
al gas
terval
n the
, with
here
nuous
fficult
essed
shale
udies,
. For
he L.
shale
Sinian
ws an
aying
0-mi2
ity of
during
n with
ozoic
itable
p (4-5
nghan
on of
XX. China
June, 2013
Figu
Source: G
Figure XPlatform
ure XX-6. Out
Guo et al., 200
XX-7. TOC vs . Black Shale
tcrop Litholog
06.
Depth Distribe Totals Nearly
XX
gy of the Camb
ution at Outcry 100 m Thick
Fm is Mainly
Source: Guo
EIA/ARI W
X-17
brian Sequenc
rop of the L. C with Average Chert with 2.3
et al., 2007.
World Shale Ga
ce Across the
Cambrian Xiaoe 7.5% TOC. T3% TOC.
s and Shale Oil
e Western Yan
oyanxi Fm BlaThe Underlying
Resource Asses
ngtze Platform
ack Shale, Yang Sinian Liuch
ssment
m
ngtze hapo
XX. China
June, 2013
Figure
Source: A
Figure XGuiz
S
XX-9. StructLocations a
ARI, 2013.
XX-8. Outcropzhou Province
Source: Yang
tural Elementsand Relative S
XX
p Photo of L. Ce. Note Beddi
g et al., 2011.
s Map of the Jize of the Pros
EIA/ARI W
X-18
Cambrian Blacing and Brittle
ianghan Basispective Area
World Shale Ga
ck Chert Northe Character. P
n Showing ARas for Silurian
s and Shale Oil
h of Guiyang CPen for Scale.
RI-Proprietary and Permian
Resource Asses
City,
y Shale Gas Da Shales.
ssment
ata
XX. China
June, 2013
T
so than t
depressio
subsiden
which or
deformat
and final
that cont
T
sediment
rocks pr
formation
self-sour
cap rocks
T
Cambria
analysis
120 m (
ranging f
(Ro 1.5%
3.5% to
0.4%), lik
The Jiangha
the Yangtze
ons. Quat
nce. Its struc
iginally form
tion, then N
lly Late Neo
inue to be a
The Jiangha
ts overlying
esent in Si
ns. The Eo
rced by inter
s of interbed
The most pr
n and Silur
noted the a
390 ft).16 M
from 5.35 to
% to 2.5%) i
5%).18 In c
kely clay-rich
n Basin is s
Platform. J
ternary alluv
ctural history
med the grab
Neogene ext
ogene comp
ctive today.1
n Basin con
U. Paleozo
nian, L. Ca
ocene Qianj
rbedded lac
dded gypsum
rospective s
ian units, a
average thic
Measured T
o 7.78%.17 T
n most of th
contrast, Eoc
h, and not co
XX
tructurally m
Jianghan com
vium covers
y records La
ben structure
tension (NE-
pression (NE14
ntains up to
oic marine
ambrian, U.
iang Forma
ustrine shal
m-rich evapo
source rock
along with li
kness of org
TOC from th
Thermal mat
he basin, be
cene lacustr
onsidered pr
EIA/ARI W
X-19
more comple
mprises a nu
s most of t
ate Cretaceo
es, Late Pale
-SW and N
E-SW) which
o 10 km of
source rock
Ordovician
tion is the
es and trap
orites.15
ks for shale
quids-rich P
ganically ric
he L. Camb
turity data a
ecoming the
rine shales i
rospective fo
World Shale Ga
ex than the S
umber of sm
the basin s
ous to Paleo
eogence co
W-SE) whic
h activated
Cretaceous
ks, Figure X
, L. Silurian
main conve
ped within f
e gas deve
Permian sha
ch L. Silurian
brian Shuijin
are scarce b
ermally over
in the Jiang
or shale.
s and Shale Oil
Sichuan Bas
mall fault-bou
surface, ref
gene extens
mpression (
ch rejuvenat
right-lateral
s to Quater
XX-10, with
n, Jurassic,
entional sand
faulted antic
elopment ar
ale potentia
n Longmaxi
ntuo Format
ut indicate g
rmature in th
han Basin a
Resource Asses
sin, although
unded uplifts
flecting Neo
sion (ENE-W
(EW) and gr
ted the grab
strike-slip f
rnary non-m
potential so
and Paleo
dstone rese
clines overla
re dry-gas-p
l. Recent s
Formation
tion is favor
gas-prone s
he northwes
are immatur
ssment
h less
s and
ogene
WSW)
raben
bens,
faults
marine
ource
ogene
ervoir,
ain by
prone
shale
to be
rable,
hales
st (Ro
re (Ro
XX. China
June, 2013
Fig
C
western d
in the ea
prospect
faulting h
cross-sec
about 50
gure XX-10. SL. Camb
Cambrian an
depressions
ast and nor
ive depth (3
here may ne
ction of the
00-m thick (u
ERA
CENOZOIC
PALE
OZOIC
MESOZOIC
Stratigraphy orian, U. Ordov
Sourc
d Silurian sh
s of the Jiang
rtheast. Fo
-4 km) at the
egatively im
Mianyang D
up to 1 km t
A PERIOQUATER
NEOGE
DEVON
Source
SINIA
PERM
CAMBR
TRIAS
CRETAC
JURAS
PALEOG
CARBONIF
ORDOV
SILUR
XX
of the Jianghanvician, L. Silur
e: ARI, 2013.
hales occur
ghan Basin,
or example,
e Yuekou, L
pact shale d
Depression in
thick elsewh
ODRNARY PENE
NIAN
Rock
AN
MIAN
RIAN
SIC
CEOUS
SSIC
JIANG
GENE
FEROUS
ICIAN
RIAN
P
EIA/ARI W
X-20
n Basin, Highlrian, Jurassic,
.
at non-pros
but are sha
a regional
Longsaihu, Y
developmen
n the eastern
here), faulte
EPOCHPleistocene
MioceneOligocene
Lower
Lower
Middle
LowerMiddleMiddle
UpperMiddle
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
GHAN BASI
Upper
Lower
Upper
Middle
Lower
Eocene
Paleocene
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
World Shale Ga
lighting Poten, and Paleoge
spective dep
allower and m
cross-secti
Yajiao-Xingo
nt, Figure XX
n Jianghan B
d, and 4 to
FORMAPingy
GuangJinghe
QianjJins
XingoSha
PaomHonghLuojin
XiaxiNaijia
TongzWanglo
JiuigBad
JialingDa
DaloWikoMao
QixChuanHuan
ShaLuore
LongWuf
LingxBaoMia
GuniDaw
HonghuFenx
NanjinShanyo
QinjiaShilonTianh
Shi
Shuij
Deng
DuoshNan
Conventiona
N
s and Shale Oil
ntially Prospecne Source Ro
ths of 5 to o
may be pros
ion shows S
ou uplifts, alt
X-11.19 Sim
Basin shows
5 km deep,
ATIONyuanghusaiezhen
jiangsha
ouzhuiashiagang
huntaongtan
miaoashanhuyianongtangangdonggjiang
ayeongaping
okou
xianshanglong
maoeping
gmaxifeng
xiangotaopoiutanwanuayuanxiangnguanoudongamiaongdonghebanipai
intuo
gyin
hantuontuo
al Reservoir
Resource Asses
ctive Sinian, ocks.
over 10 km i
spective on u
Silurian sha
though signif
milarly, a det
s L. Silurian
, Figure XX-
ssment
in the
uplifts
ale at
ficant
tailed
to be
-12.20
XX. China
June, 2013
The unde
in the so
source-ro
below).
Figure XXImpa
Source: Z
Figure XXS
Source: C
erlying Cam
outheastern
ock shale le
X-11. Regionaact Shale Dev
Pros
Zhang et al., 2
X-12. DetailedSilurian Sectio
Chen et al., 20
brian sectio
Jianghan B
eads in the
al Cross Sectivelopment. Caspective in the
2010.
d Cross-sectioon Here (“S”)
005.
XX
n is about 1
Basin, Figur
Jianghan B
ion of the Cenambrian and Se Troughs, but
on from Mianyais about 500-m
EIA/ARI W
X-21
km thick, fa
re XX-13.21
Basin (L. Ca
ntral Jianghan Silurian Shalest may be Suita
ang Depressiom Thick, 4 to 5
World Shale Ga
aulted, and
We identif
ambrian, L.
Basin Showss are too Deepably Shallow o
on in the East5 km Deep, an
s and Shale Oil
uplifted to a
fied three m
Silurian, an
s Significant Fp (>5 km) to bon the Uplifts.
tern Jianghannd Significantl
Resource Asses
about 2-km d
marine Pale
nd Permian
Faulting Whichbe Considered.
Basin. The Lly Faulted.
ssment
depth
ozoic
; see
h May
Lower
XX. China
June, 2013
Source: L
S
documen
covers a
north of
Sinopec’
enticingly
structura
surface.
Shangha
structure
S
potential
age, Fig
Taizhou
rocks the
Figure
Li et al., 2007.
Subei Basin
nted basin,
14,000-mi2
Shanghai.
s structurall
y close to p
lly complex
Figure XX-
ai, shows m
e is likely to b
Sedimentary
ly prospectiv
ure XX-16.2
Group are t
emselves.
XX-13. LocalizThe Cambria
n. With onl
mappable g
portion of t
Small conve
y complex
prosperous
x and quite
15, a struct
major faults
be even mor
rocks in th
ve marine s23 Conglom
the conventi
XX
zed Cross Secan Section Her
y 13 Chine
geologic dat
the lower Ya
entional oil f
Jiangsu fiel
East China
deep, with
tural cross-s
and the de
re complex t
he Subei Ba
shale source
merates and
onal petrole
EIA/ARI W
X-22
ctions in the Sre is Faulted a
se and 7 E
ta are relati
angtze Platf
fields have b
d near the
markets, in
Paleozoic
section thro
epth to Pale
han indicate
asin range f
e rocks of L.
mudstones
eum targets
World Shale Ga
Southeastern and about 1 km
English artic
vely sparse
form near th
been discov
center of th
ncluding Sh
shales mos
ough the ba
eozoic sour
ed here.
from L. Cam
. Cambrian,
of the U. C
in the basin
s and Shale Oil
Jianghan Basm Thick.
cles availabl
e, Figure XX
he coast in J
vered, the la
he basin. A
hanghai, the
stly 3.5 to
asin and adj
rce rock sha
mbrian to E
L. Silurian,
Cretaceous
n, as well as
Resource Asses
sin.
e for this p
X-14. The
Jiangsu Pro
argest of wh
Although situ
e Subei Bas
5 km below
joining regio
ales.22 Det
Eocene, inclu
and U. Per
to L. Paleo
s possible so
ssment
poorly
basin
vince
ich is
uated
sin is
w the
on to
tailed
uding
rmian
ocene
ource
XX. China
June, 2013
Figur
Source: A
F
Source: M
e XX-14. StruLocations a
ARI, 2013.
Figure XX-15.Sh
Moore et al., 1
uctural Elemeand Prospectiv
Structural Chowing Major
986.
XX
nts Map of theve Areas for L
ross-section oFaults and De
EIA/ARI W
X-23
e Subei BasinL. Cambrian, L
of Subei Basinepth to Paleoz
World Shale Ga
Showing ARIL. Silurian, and
n and Adjoininzoic Source Ro
s and Shale Oil
I-proprietary Sd U. Permian
ng Region to ock Shales.
Resource Asses
Shale Gas DatShales.
Shanghai,
ssment
ta
XX. China
June, 2013
T
Its lower
rock thic
(1.1 to 3.
4 to 5 km
Basin an
Figure XXPotentia
Mo
The L. Camb
portion (2 t
kness is 40
.1% TOC, av
m. Unfortun
d 7 to > 9 km
ERA PER
DEVO
Sourc
CAM
SILU
ORDO
PA
LEO
ZO
IC
PER
CARBON
X-16. Stratigraally Prospectiv
odified from Q
brian Mufush
to 363 m thi
to 250 m th
verage 2.1%
nately, the C
m deep to th
RIOD EPOC
ONIAN
Upp
Low
Upper/M
Low
ce Rock
Low
BRIAN
URIAN
OVICIAN
Upp
Upp
Low
RMIAN
Upp
Low
NIFEROUS
XX
aphy of the Pave L. Cambrian
Qi & Zhu, 200
han Formati
ick) contains
hick, averagi
%).24 This un
Cambrian is
he south and
CH MEMBER
P3c
P3l
P2g
P2q
P1c
C2h
C2l
C1g
D3w
er S3m/S2f
wer S1g
O3w
Middle ∈1l, ∈2p
wer ∈1mu
wer
er
er
wer
per
wer
EIA/ARI W
X-24
aleozoic Stratan, L. Silurian,
02.
on is 91 to
s dark grey
ng 120 m th
nit appears t
s deeper tha
d west of Sha
Hunghuayuan Fm
Lunshan Fm
Loushanguan, Paotaishan Fms
Mufushan Fm
Wutong Fm
Maoshan/Fentou F
Gaojiabian Fm
Wufeng Fm
Tangtou Fm
Tangshan Fm
Dawan Fm
Huanglung Fm
Laohudong Fm
Hezhou Fm
Gaolishan Fm
Kinling Fm
Laokan Fm
Changxing/Talung F
Longtan Fm
Kuhfeng Fm
Chihsia Fm
Chuanshan Fm
FORMATION
World Shale Ga
a in the Subei and U. Permia
758 m thick
to black mu
hick, with low
to be gas-pr
an 5 km ac
anghai.
LITHO
Limestone
Sandstones, m
Siltstones, s
Dark grey
Ligh
Light gre
Light-
Limesto
Mudstone,
Dark grey lim
Grey-green margi
Grey-whiteconglo
Quartz sandst
S
Siliceou
Argillaceo
Argillaceous
Siliceou
G
Grey do
Grey and whdark grey
Black carbongrey thin-b
m
m
Fm
m
Fm
s and Shale Oil
Basin, Highligan Source Ro
k (gross) in
udstones an
w-moderate
rone at pros
ross nearly
LOGY / COMMENT
es/siliceous shale, climestone
mudstones, limeston
siliceous shale, and
y limestones with ch
ht grey limestone.
ey limestone/ dolom
-dark grey dolomite.
ones, marls, dolomit
siltstone, fine sands
mestones with sand
mudstones and sandllaceous dolomite.
e quartzose sandstoomeratic sandstones
tone, siltite mudston
Shale, siltstone.
us shales, mudstone
ous limestone and s
s limestone and mud
s limestone and sha
Grey limestone.
olomite and limeston
hite thick-bedded dothick-bedded limest
naceous shale (uppebedded limestone (lo
Resource Asses
ghting ocks.
the Subei B
d shale. So
organic rich
pective dept
the entire S
TS
chert,
nes, coal.
d chert.
hert.
ite.
.
es.
stone.
dstone.
dstones,
ones, s.
ne, shale.
es.
hale.
dstone.
ale.
ne.
olomite, tone.
er); dark ower).
ssment
Basin.
ource
hness
ths of
Subei
XX. China
June, 2013
T
and mud
prospect
grey and
thick (gr
sandston
TOC is a
T
and mud
Finally, b
interbeds
fields; the
1.2 R
H
precedin
prospect
S
distributio
contains
TOC con
Qiongzhu
where it
T
central a
TOC ran
averages
to 3.0% (
S
the close
the Marc
The U. Ordov
dstone with
ive depths o
d black silice
ross) and c
nes. The co
about 1.3%,
The 1-km thi
dstone of un
black mudst
s that forme
ese mudston
Reservoir Pr
Having discu
g section,
ive areas in
Sichuan Bas
on is locate
about 1,000
ntent is app
usi Fm ave
is in the dry
The Upper Pe
nd southeas
ging from 2
s 9,700 ft. T
(average 2.5
Shale targets
est North Am
cellus Shale
vician Wufen
low organic
of 3.5 to 5 k
eous shales
contains dar
ombined sou
lower than in
ick U. Perm
ncertain TOC
tones of the
ed in a deep
nes are imm
roperties (P
ussed the r
we now de
each basin.
sin. The 10
d in the sou
0 ft of organ
proximately 3
rages 500 f
gas thermal
ermian Long
st Sichuan B
-6% (averag
These shales
5%).
s in the Sich
merican anal
play.
XX
ng and L. Si
c richness (
km. The W
& mudston
rk grey sha
urce rock thi
n the Cambr
mian Changx
C that are g
e U. Paleoc
p lake settin
mature to liqu
Prospective
regional geo
escribe the
,070-mi2 hig
uthwestern S
nically rich,
3% and dry
ft thick, with
l maturity wi
gtan and Low
Basin, conta
ge 4%). De
s are dry-ga
huan Basin
log may be t
EIA/ARI W
X-25
ilurian Gaoji
0.6 to 1.3%
Wufeng Fm is
e. The L. S
ale with an
ckness rang
rian source r
xing/Talung
gas-prone at
ene to M. E
ng and sourc
uids-prone (R
Area)
ology of th
reservoir p
gh-graded ar
Sichuan bas
black, grapt
y gas prone
h 3.0% TOC
ndow (3.2%
wer Permian
in an averag
pth to shale
as prone, wit
are quite dif
the relatively
World Shale Ga
abian forma
% TOC). Th
s 4 to 214 m
Silurian Gao
upper laye
ges from 75
rocks.
formations
t relatively s
Eocene Fun
ced the bas
Ro ≈ 0.4% to
e South C
properties s
rea defined
sin. Here t
tolitic-bearin
e (Ro 2.9%).
C within its
% Ro).
n Qixia forma
ge total 314
e within the
th vitrinite re
fferent from
y faulted ce
s and Shale Oil
ations contai
hese units a
m thick (gro
ojiabian Fm
er of interb
to 450 m, a
also contain
shallow dept
ning Group
sin’s conven
o 0.9%).25
hina Shale
specific to
by prospect
he L. Siluria
ng, siliceous
. In additio
6,500-mi2 p
ations, best
ft of organi
prospective
eflectance ra
North Ame
ntral Pennsy
Resource Asses
in siliceous s
are gas-pron
ss) and con
is 25 to 1,7
bedded silty
averaging 25
n siliceous s
ths (1 – 2.5
contain oil s
ntional sands
Corridor in
the high-gr
tive depth an
an Longmax
s to cherty s
on, the Cam
prospective
developed i
c-rich shale
area (1 to 5
anging from
erican shales
ylvania porti
ssment
shale
ne at
ntains
20 m
y fine
50 m.
shale
km).
shale
stone
n the
raded
nd Ro
xi Fm
shale.
mbrian
area,
in the
, with
5 km)
2.0%
s, but
ion of
XX. China
June, 2013
Y
structura
area sug
L. Camb
the Sich
prospect
A
American
Quebec
J
has the
(average
organic r
depth (av
has lowe
depth (av
that of th
T
analog fo
S
Formatio
depths o
formation
1.1% TO
Changxin
to be 2%
T
analog fo
Yangtze Pla
l complexity
ggests there
rian and L. S
huan Basin.
ive Sichuan
Again, the sh
n shale ana
is the closes
ianghan Ba
best organ
e 13,000 ft).
richness (TO
verage 11,5
er organic ri
verage 9,000
e Sichuan B
The relatively
or the Jiangh
Subei Basin
on average 1
of 4 to 5 km.
ns total an a
OC; these al
ng/Talung fo
%) that is gas
The relatively
or the Subei
atform. A
y and the pa
may be pot
Silurian form
We assu
Basin areas
hale targets
logs. Perha
st North Ame
asin. The L
ic richness
The L. Silu
OC of 2.0%)
00 ft). Fina
chness (2.0
0 ft). The ge
Basin.26
y faulted Ma
han Basin, a
n. Marine-d
120 m thick,
Source roc
average 250
lso are gas-
ormations co
s-prone at re
y faulted Ma
Basin, altho
XX
specific pro
aucity of dat
tential, perha
mations in th
umed that p
s for each of
s in the Yan
aps the struc
erican appro
L. Cambrian
(6.6%), is
rian Longma
), also is dr
lly, the Perm
0%), is still d
eothermal g
arcellus Sha
although Jian
deposited s
with 2.1%
cks in the th
0 m thick, co
-prone at pr
ontain siliceo
latively shal
arcellus Sha
ough Subei i
EIA/ARI W
X-26
ospective ar
a. Howeve
aps in local
he Yangtze P
prospective
f the L. Cam
ngtze Platfo
cturally com
oximation.
n Niutitang F
dry-gas pro
axi Formatio
ry-gas prone
mian Qixia/M
dry-gas pron
radient in th
ale play in
nghan is stru
source rock
average TO
he U. Ordov
onsisting of
rospective d
ous shale an
low depths (
ale play in
s structurally
World Shale Ga
rea could no
r, activity by
synclinal are
Platform gen
areas coul
mbrian and L
orm do not
mplex, dry-ga
Formation (
one (Ro ~2.
on (1,960-mi
e (Ro ~2.0%
Maokou Fm (
ne (Ro ~1.5
he Jianghan
central Pen
ucturally muc
shales in
OC. These a
vician Wufen
siliceous sh
epths of 3.5
nd mudstone
(1 to 2.5 km
central Pen
y much more
s and Shale Oil
ot be mapp
y major oil c
eas. Reser
nerally are s
ld be perha
. Silurian for
closely rese
as prone Ut
(1,280-mi2 h
25%) but a
i2 high-grade
%), and is fo
(2,150-mi2 h
5%) and occ
Basin is mo
nnsylvania m
ch more com
the L. Cam
are gas-pron
ng and L. Si
hale and mu
5 to 5 km.
e of uncertain
).
nnsylvania m
e complex.
Resource Asses
ped here du
companies in
rvoir properti
similar to tho
aps 20% o
rmations.
emble any N
ica Shale pl
high-graded
also the dee
ed lead) has
und at mod
high-graded
curs at shal
oderate, simi
may be a d
mplex.
mbrian Mufu
ne at prospe
lurian Gaojia
udstone with
The U. Per
n TOC (assu
may be a d
ssment
ue to
n this
ies of
ose in
of the
North
lay in
lead)
epest
s less
erate
lead)
lower
ilar to
istant
ushan
ective
abian
h low
rmian
umed
istant
XX. China
June, 2013
1.3 R
H
South C
resource
S
with H2S
the basin
area, the
recovera
Qiongzhu
500 Tcf o
recovera
place.
B
region, w
considere
exclude
and struc
map thes
Sichuan
Y
prospect
Yangtze
resource
J
recovera
place. T
an estim
Ro-scree
depth (9
maturity
Resource As
Having defin
China Shale
es and origin
Sichuan Bas
and thus w
n has marine
e Silurian
ble shale ga
usi Formatio
of risked, sh
ble shale ga
Based on the
with an estim
ed risked, t
the majority
ctural comp
se paramete
Basin.
Yangtze Pla
ive area 20
Platform ar
es out of 596
ianghan Ba
ble shale ga
The L. Siluria
ated 7 Tcf o
ned 28 Tcf o
,000 ft ave
windows, w
ssessment
ed the rese
e Corridor,
al shale gas
sin. Much o
was screened
e Paleozoic s
Longmaxi F
as resources
on has 125 T
hale gas in-p
as resources
ese data and
mated 2,361 T
technically r
y of the basi
lexity issues
ers and refin
atform. U
0% as large
re estimated
6 Tcf of riske
asin. The
as resources
an Longmax
of risked, te
of risked sha
rage). ARI
with an est
XX
ervoir prope
we now es
s and shale o
of the Sichua
d out as non
shales that a
Formation h
s out of 1,14
Tcf of risked
place. Perm
s out of a de
d assumptio
Tcf of risked
recoverable
n area, whi
s. Further m
ne the still po
sing Sichua
as Sichuan
d to have 14
d shale gas
L. Cambria
s, out of a de
xi Fm is pros
echnically re
ale gas in-pl
mapped a
timated 10
EIA/ARI W
X-27
erties of the
stimate the
oil in place fo
an Basin is s
n-prospectiv
are prospect
has an est
46 Tcf of ris
d, technically
mian formatio
pth- and Ro-
ons, the Sich
d, prospectiv
shale gas
ch was scre
more detaile
oorly unders
an Basin r
n’s, the L. C
49 Tcf of ris
in-place.
an has an e
epth- and Ro
spective with
coverable s
ace. The P
3,830-mi2
Tcf of risk
World Shale Ga
e high-grade
risked, tec
or each bas
structurally c
ve. Howeve
tive. Within
timated 287
sked, shale g
y recoverab
ons have an
-screened 7
huan Basin
ve shale gas
resources,
eened out d
ed study is r
stood shale g
reservoir pr
Cambrian a
sked, techn
estimated 1
o-screened 4
hin a 1,960-m
hale gas re
ermian Qixia
high-graded
ked, technic
s and Shale Oil
ed prospect
chnically re
in.
complex and
er, the south
our high-gra
7 Tcf of ris
gas in-place
ble shale gas
estimated 2
15 Tcf of ris
is China’s l
s in-place, of
Table XX-1
ue to exces
recommend
gas resourc
roperties an
nd L. Siluria
ically recove
11 Tcf of ris
46 Tcf of risk
mi2 high-gra
sources out
a/Maokou F
d lead for th
cally recove
Resource Asses
tive areas in
ecoverable s
d/or contamin
west quadra
aded prospe
sked, techn
e. The Cam
s resources
215 Tcf of ris
ked shale ga
argest shale
f which 626 T
. These fig
ssive depth,
ed to define
ce potential o
nd an assu
an shales o
erable shale
sked, techn
ked shale ga
aded lead, ad
t of a depth-
m is at mod
he three the
erable shale
ssment
n the
shale
nated
ant of
ective
nically
mbrian
from
sked,
as in-
e gas
Tcf is
gures
H2S,
e and
of the
umed
of the
e gas
nically
as in-
dding
- and
erate
ermal
e gas
XX. China
June, 2013
resource
has a m
billion ba
S
lead in th
gas reco
The L. S
lead, add
depth- an
may be p
gas reso
oil play c
technical
1.4 R
T
programs
Chinese
Resource
Sinopec,
legacy le
km2 Fush
exploratio
sharing c
shale blo
if awarde
S
first repo
the Siluri
and was
March 20
a 44-day
es, out of a d
inor Permia
arrels as the
Subei Basin
he L. Cambr
verable reso
ilurian Gaob
ding an estim
nd Ro-screen
prospective
urces out of
containing 1
lly recoverab
Recent Activ
The Sichuan
s currently
and foreign
es began dr
which are
ease position
hun-Yongch
on block. T
contract for
ocks (Zitong,
ed.27
Shale explora
orted horizon
ian Longmax
drilled with
011 after 11
y period, fo
depth- and R
an shale oil
risked, tech
. Although g
rian Mufusha
ources, out o
biajian Forma
mated 36 Tc
ned 144 Tcf
within a 1,6
f 8 Tcf of ris
1 billion barr
ble shale oil
vity
n Basin by fa
are underw
companies
rilling shale d
engaged in
ns in the bas
uan block, lo
The Fushun
shale gas.
, Jinqiu), wh
ation drilling
ntal shale ga
xi Formation
modern log
months. H
ollowing a la
XX
Ro-screened
play contain
nically recov
geologic dat
an Formation
of a depth- a
ation appear
cf of risked, t
f of risked sh
640-mi2 area
sked shale g
rels of reso
resource.
ar is China’s
ay by Petro
are negotia
delineation w
n shale dev
sin. Earlier
ocated in the
n-Yongchuan
Shell also is
ich would gi
g results in t
as exploratio
n. The Wei
gging-while-
owever, this
arge-volume
EIA/ARI W
X-28
40 Tcf of ri
ning 5 billio
verable shal
ta are scarce
n with an es
and Ro-scree
rs to be pros
technically r
hale gas in-p
a, with 2 Tcf
gas in-place.
urce in-plac
s most active
oChina, Sino
ting initial le
wells in the S
velopment J
this year Sh
e southern S
n block is C
s pursuing jo
ve the comp
the Sichuan
on well, loca
201-H1 wel
drilling tech
s well tested
e, 11-stage
World Shale Ga
isked shale
n barrels of
e oil resourc
e, ARI identi
stimated 7 Tc
ened 29 Tcf
spective with
recoverable
place. The p
f of risked, t
. Subei also
ce with 0.1
e shale leas
opec, and S
ease position
Sichuan Bas
V’s in North
hell and CNP
Sichuan clos
China’s first
oint studies
pany a total
Basin have
ated near th
l, which emp
nology,28 co
d a disappoin
slickwater
s and Shale Oil
gas in-place
f resource i
ce.
ified a 2,040
cf of risked,
of risked sh
hin a 14,990
shale gas re
poorly define
technically re
o has a mino
billion barre
ing and drill
Shell, while
ns. The Min
sin in 2009.
h America,
PC were aw
se to a legac
foreign-inve
on two othe
shale/tight a
e been mixe
he city of Ch
ployed a 3,5
ompleted its
nting 450 M
frac comple
Resource Asses
e. Jianghan
n-place, wit
0-mi2 high-gr
technically s
hale gas in-p
0-mi2 high-gr
esources ou
ed Permian s
ecoverable s
or Permian s
els as the ris
ing area. D
numerous
nistry of Land
PetroChina
each hold
warded the 3
cy Shell tigh
ested produ
er Sichuan B
area of 8,500
ed. PetroCh
hengdu, targ
540-ft long la
drilling pha
cfd average
etion which
ssment
n also
h 0.2
raded
shale
place.
raded
ut of a
shale
shale
shale
sked,
rilling
other
d and
a and
large
3,500-
ht gas
uction
Basin
0 km2
hina’s
geted
ateral
ase in
e over
was
XX. China
June, 2013
monitore
E
wells tar
Formatio
gas field
thick blac
fracture s
22% clay
The hori
stability p
P
and succ
rapidly to
the fracs
much sm
S
expects
Sichuan
peaked a
In
for shale
Shell spu
2012 the
wells, an
confirme
while fav
pressure
exploratio
S
the Fush
d using real
Elsewhere in
rgeting the
on.30 PetroC
, is the only
ck shale at
system.31 Lo
y, and 2.3%
zontal latera
problems en
PetroChina’s
cessfully pla
o 300 Mcfd,
s had planar
maller than ex
Separately, S
to start co
in 2013. Si
at 100 Mcfd.
n November
e gas at the
ud its first w
e company h
nd two hor
d good reso
vorably ove
es and fluid
on wells rep
Shell followed
hun block.
-time micros
the Sichuan
Longmaxi
China’s first h
y horizontal
a depth of 2
og and core
TOC but on
al was less
countered d
planned 9-
aced only 6
averaging 5
r rather than
xpected.32 S
Sinopec hyd
ommercial s
nopec’s rece33 No furthe
r 2009 Shell
Fushun blo
well in Dece
ad drilled fiv
rizontal frac
ource potent
r-pressured,
leakoff resu
portedly flowe
d its first tw
The compa
XX
seismic.29
n Basin, Pet
Formation
horizontal Qi
reported in
2,600 m, wh
analysis sh
nly about 2.
than half o
during drilling
-stage fractu
stages. Ga
580 Mcfd du
n preferred
Still, the test
dro-fractured
shale gas p
ent Qianye-
er details are
signed the
ck, southern
mber 2010,
ve deep expl
wells.35 W
tial, althoug
, had an un
ulted in poo
ed at 2.1 mil
wo vertical S
any noted s
EIA/ARI W
X-29
troChina has
and two v
iongzhusi we
detail by P
here seismic
owed the Q
0% porosity
of its planne
g.
ure stimulat
as productio
uring the 60
complex ge
t showed the
d its Fangsh
production i
1 well in Qia
e available fr
initial agree
n Sichuan B
focusing on
loration well
Whole core
h in-situ we
nfavorably h
r stimulation
llion ft3/day.
ichuan wells
significant fa
World Shale Ga
s fracture st
vertical wells
ell (Wei 201
PetroChina.
c had indicat
iongzhusi av
y with 100 n
ed 5,000-ft
tion encoun
on peaked a
0-day flow te
eometry and
e Qiongzhus
hen-1 well in
n Liangping
anjiang, also
rom Sinopec
ement with P
Basin, receiv
n the Siluria
s: one vertic
e and full p
ell testing de
high stress
n. Neverthe
s with two h
ault-related
s and Shale Oil
timulated at
s targeting
-H3), locate
The well te
ted a well-d
veraged 67%
D permeabi
length beca
tered high
at 1.15 MMc
est. PetroCh
d the stimula
si shale can
n Guizhou in
g County, n
o near Chon
c’s shale pro
PetroChina
ving the PSC
an Longmax
cal data well
petrophysica
etermined th
gradient.
eless, one o
horizontal pr
problems, s
Resource Asses
least five ve
the Qiong
ed in the We
ested this 1
eveloped na
% quartz con
lity (core-ba
ause of bore
horizontal s
cfd and dec
hina inferred
ated volume
be productiv
n May 2010
near Chong
gqing, repor
ogram.
to jointly ex
C in March 2
xi Fm.34 By
, two vertica
al logging s
hat the forma
High break
of Shell’s ve
roduction tes
such as freq
ssment
ertical
zhusi
iyuan
10-m
atural
ntent,
ased).
ehole
stress
clined
d that
e was
ve.
0 and
gqing,
rtedly
xplore
2012.
April
al frac
suites
ation,
down
ertical
sts at
quent
XX. China
June, 2013
drilling o
improved
day com
C
Chevron
Yangtze
Sichuan
first test
also have
of late 20
2,000-km
Sinopec
negotiati
productio
gas in ea
N
reported
years. N
field but
exploratio
J
Sinopec’
provided
Huangqia
ut of zone a
d from over
pletion times
ConocoPhillip
is conduct
Platform, lo
Basin. Che
well there d
e reported in
010 BP was
m2 Kaili block
to be evalua
ng with Pet
on potential
arly 2011.
North Americ
conducting
Newfield con
decided in 2
on in Sichua
ianghan and
s Decembe
). The sam
ao block, the
and resultin
100 days/we
s in North Am
ps recently w
ting a Joint
ocated nort
evron initiate
during Q1 20
nterest in lea
s reported ne
k near Chev
ating the 3,6
troChina for
by 2015. EN
can shale g
detailed sh
ducted a de
2006 not to
an by late 20
d Subei Bas
er 2010 repo
me report no
e only explor
XX
g doglegs t
ell initially to
merica. She
was awarded
Study with
th of Guiya
ed seismic a
012. BP, Co
asing shale
egotiating w
vron’s Qiann
644-km2 Wu
r a shale ga
NI signed a
gas operator
hale gas eva
tailed joint s
proceed. E
010 but has
ins. The on
ort of “gas
oted that B
ration activit
EIA/ARI W
X-30
that complic
o about 53 d
ell did not re
d two shale
h Sinopec o
ng city, Gu
acquisition o
onocoPhillip
gas blocks
with Sinopec
an block. In
zhishan are
as block an
memorandu
rs Newfield
aluations in
study evalua
EOG original
been silent o
nly reported
flows in a
P was eval
ty noted thus
World Shale Ga
cated well co
days/well, bu
port product
exploration
of the Qiann
uizhou Provi
over the bloc
ps, ENI, Exxo
in the Sichu
for a shale
n July 2011
a in the Sich
d at one po
um of unders
Exploration
the Sichuan
ation with Pe
lly planned t
on the proje
shale activit
shale gas e
uating Perm
s far in the S
s and Shale Oil
ompletion.
ut still longe
tion from its
blocks in th
nan shale g
ince, and ju
ck in July 20
onMobil, Sta
uan or Yang
gas explora
ExxonMobil
huan Basin.
oint estimat
standing with
n and EOG
n Basin dur
etroChina at
to make a d
ct for the pa
ty in the Jian
exploration
mian shale i
Subei Basin.
Resource Asses
Completion
r than typica
horizontal w
e Sichuan B
gas block in
ust south o
011 and spu
atoil, and TO
tze Platform
ation block a
was reporte
Statoil rep
ted 50 MMc
h CNPC on s
Resources
ring the pas
the Weiyuan
decision on s
ast two years
nghan Basin
well” (no d
in the 1,000
ssment
time
al 10-
wells.
Basin.
n the
of the
ud its
OTAL
m. As
at the
ed by
ported
cfd of
shale
also
st few
n gas
shale
s.
n was
etails
0-km2
XX. China
June, 2013
2 T
2.1 In
T
onshore
relatively
the light
elements
study.
Fig
Source: A
TARIM BAS
ntroduction
The Tarim Ba
sedimentary
y flat at abou
ly populated
s of the Tarim
gure XX-17. SData Loc
ARI, 2013
SIN
and Geolo
asin, located
y basin in C
ut 1,000 m a
d region co
m Basin, as
Structural Elemcations and Pr
XX
gic Setting
d in western
China (234,0
above sea le
ould supply
well as loca
ments Map of trospective Are
EIA/ARI W
X-31
China’s Xin
000 mi2). S
evel. The c
frac water
ations of ARI
the Tarim Baseas for Shale
World Shale Ga
njiang Autono
Surface eleva
limate is dry
. Figure X
I-proprietary
sin Showing A Gas and Shal
s and Shale Oil
omous Regi
ation of this
y but aquifer
XX-17 show
y data used i
ARI-Proprietarle Oil Explorat
Resource Asses
ion, is the la
s remote bas
rs which und
ws the struc
n conducting
ry Shale Gas tion.
ssment
argest
sin is
derlie
ctural
g this
XX. China
June, 2013
P
reservoir
The basi
the two
billion ba
Ordovicia
Tarim Ba
T
structura
include t
Depressi
a north-t
structure
of 25x).3
than 5 k
structura
H
be (bare
shows C
km acros
shale de
removed
this unit r
originate
M
Cambria
Marine-d
most imp
Lianglitag
Xiaoerbu
PetroChina a
rs in the Tar
n also prod
4,000-km W
arrels of oil
an shales –
asin.
The Tarim Ba
l zones, co
the Kuqa D
ion, Tanan U
to-south tran
e characteriz6 Unfortuna
km over mo
l troughs.
However, inte
ely) depth-pr
Cambrian and
ss the Tazho
evelopment.3
by erosion
remains. Ge
d mainly fro
Multiple petro
n, Ordovicia
deposited bla
portant sourc
ge and equ
ulake Format
and Sinopec
rim during 2
uced 1.6 Bc
West-to-East
and 15 Tc
– considered
asin is sub-d
mprising th
Depression,
Uplift and So
nsect across
zed by shallo
ately, the m
st of the ba
erior anticlin
rospective f
d Ordovician
ong Uplift, b37 Even th
during the L
eochemistry
m Ordovicia
oleum sourc
an, Carbon
ack shales o
ce rocks in th
uivalent for
tion and equ
XX
c produced
2011 and are
cfd of natura
t pipelines.
f of gas, w
d the princip
divided by fa
ree uplifts a
Tabei Upl
outheast De
s the centra
ow dip angle
ain Cambria
asin, plungin
nes within th
for shale de
n source roc
but even her
ough much
Late Paleozo
y indicates th
an rather tha
ce rocks of v
niferous, Tri
of Cambrian
he basin.39
rmations, w
uivalent units
EIA/ARI W
X-32
an average
e investing
al gas in 201
Convention
ere sourced
pal targets f
ault and fold
and four de
ift, North D
pression. C
al Tarim Bas
e and few fa
an and Ordo
ng to a max
he Tarim Bas
evelopment
ck shales at
re shale is ju
of the Mid
oic Hercynia
hat the conve
n Cambrian
various ages
iassic, Cret
and particu
The Ordovic
hile L. Cam
s.
World Shale Ga
e 261,000 b
heavily to d
11 that was
nal petroleu
d mainly by
for shale ga
d systems in
epressions.
Depression,
Cross-section
sin, revealin
aults (note e
ovician shal
ximum dept
sin include u
(<5 km). F
t prospective
ust within th
d-Upper Ord
an Orogeny,
entional oil t
source rock
s occur in th
taceous, an
ularly Ordovi
cian units inc
mbrian sou
s and Shale Oil
b/d of oil fr
double outpu
transported
um deposits
y organic-ric
as and oil e
nto a series
From north
Tazhong U
n A-A’, Figu
ng generally
extreme verti
le targets ar
th of 10 km
uplifted area
For example
e depths ran
he depth lim
dovician sec
, a consider
trapped in th
ks.38
he Tarim Bas
nd Tertiary,
ician age ar
clude the He
rce rock u
Resource Asses
rom convent
ut there by 2
d to Shangha
s, totaling ov
h Cambrian
exploration i
of seven di
h to south t
Uplift, South
ure XX-18, s
y simple reg
ical exagger
re buried de
m or more in
as that appe
e, Figure X
nging from 4
it for comme
ction was lo
able thickne
he Tazhong
sin, includin
Figure XX
re considere
etuao, Yijian
nits include
ssment
tional
2015.
ai via
ver 5
n and
n the
stinct
these
hwest
hows
gional
ration
eeper
n the
ear to
XX-19
4 to 5
ercial
ocally
ess of
Uplift
g the
X-20.
ed the
nfang,
e the
XX. China
June, 2013
Figure XXWell as M
are Too
Source: Z
FigurCambrian
Source: X
X-18. South-nMigration Patho Deep (>5 km
Zhu et al., 201
re XX-19. Inten and Ordovic
Xiao et al., 200
north Cross-sehways for Oil (m) for Commer
Pro
2.
erpreted Seismian Source Ro
00.
XX
ection of the C(Red) and Gasrcial Shale Devospective (ver
mic Depth Secock Shales at
EIA/ARI W
X-33
Central Tarim s. Note that Cvelopment in rtical exaggera
ction across tProspective D
World Shale Ga
Basin Showinambrian and OMost of the Bation = 25x).
he Tazhong UDepth of 4 to 5
s and Shale Oil
ng Generally SOrdovician Soasin, but Loca
Uplift, Tarim B5 km (vertical
Resource Asses
Simple Structuource Rock Shal Uplifts may
asin, Showing exaggeration
ssment
ure as hales
y be
g = 5x)
XX. China
June, 2013
Source: A
T
most pro
thick and
brittle. T
Awati De
0.56% to
Central T
with relat
prone, fo
to 5,700
FigurCambrian, O
ARI, 2013.
The Lower O
ospective, al
d consist of
The Mid-Ordo
epression, co
o 2.86% (av
Tarim, Bach
tively low TO
or example w
m on the ea
E
ME
SO
ZO
ICC
EN
OZ
OIC
PA
LEO
ZO
IC
re XX-20. Strardovician, Ca
rdovician He
though TOC
f carbonace
ovician Yijia
ontains blac
verage 1.56
hu, and Tabe
OC (average
with Ro rangi
ast flank of th
RA PERIODQUATERNAR
TRIASSIC
DEVONIA
SINIAN
Source Ro
SILURIAN
PERMIAN
CAMBRIA
ORDOVICI
ME
SO
ZO
ICC
EN
OZ
OIC
PA
LEO
ZO
IC
TERTIAR
JURASSI
CRETACEO
CARBONIFER
XX
atigraphy of trboniferous, T
etuao (O1-2)
C generally
eous and ra
anfang (O2) S
k marine-de
6%). Uppe
ei areas, wh
e 0.93%). T
ing from 2.0
he Tazhong
D EPOCHRY Q
N2a
N1w
Eh
K2y
K1y
J 3k
J 2t
J2y
J1k
C
Middle-LowUpper-Mid
ANUpperMiddleLower
Upper
Middle
UpperMiddle
Lower
ock
TA
N
UpperN
AN
Lower
IAN
Lower
RY
C
OUS
ROUS
EIA/ARI W
X-34
he Tarim BasiTriassic, Creta
shales -- im
is under 2%
adiolarian-be
Saergan For
eposited mud
er Ordovicia
here they ar
Thermal mat
% to 2.6% i
Uplift, Figur
H FORMATION
ShazijingAqiaqun
wer Aqiaqundle Xiaohaizi
KalashayiBachu
r Hetuao (O1-2)
e Yijianfan (O2
QiulitageAwatage
r Xiaoerbulake
Conventiona
ARIM BASIN
r Lianglitage (O
World Shale Ga
in, Highlightinaceous, and T
mportant sou
%. These sh
earing siliceo
rmation, pre
dstones 10 m
an Lianglitag
re 20 m to
turity of the
n the Guche
re XX-21.40
N AGE (Ma) TH
355 - 405
) 439 - 459
) 459 - 478
e
600+
al Reservoir
505 - 600
290
405 - 439
O3) 478 - 505
290 - 355
s and Shale Oil
ng ProspectiveTertiary Source
rce rocks --
hales range
ous mudsto
esent in the K
m to 30 m th
ge (O3) sha
80 thick, ca
Ordovician
eng-4 well a
ICKNESS (m)
0 - 241
0 - 300org-rich
0 - 150org-rich
2918125
74
200 - 1100
0 - 50org-rich
0 - 517
0 - 780
0 - 691
Resource Asses
e e Rocks.
appear to b
from 48 to
one that app
Keping Uplif
hick, with TO
ales occur in
arbonate-rich
is mostly dry
t depths of 3
ssment
be the
63 m
pears
ft and
OC of
n the
h, but
y-gas
3,200
XX. China
June, 2013
Figure X
T
abyssal t
eastern T
Xiaoerbu
Cambria
Evaporiti
anhydrite
120 m to
window (
XX-21. VitrinitWell, Tarim B
Source
The Cambria
to bathyal fa
Tarim and K
ulake format
n Formation
c dolomites
e beds totali
o 415 m, ave
(Ro > 2.5%)
te ReflectanceBasin Ranges
: Lan et al., 2
an organic-r
acies mudsto
Keping Uplif
ions. TOC
ns and exc
, potential ca
ng 400 to 1
eraging abou
in deep area
XX
e (Ro) of the M from <2% at a
009.
rich shales,
ones that are
fts. Cambri
is fairly high
ceeds 1% o
ap rocks, oc
,400 m thick
ut 120 m (40
as.
EIA/ARI W
X-35
Mid to Upper Oa Depth of 3,2
such as th
e well develo
ian formatio
h (1.2% to 3
over about
ccur in the m
k. Net orga
00 ft). Therm
World Shale Ga
Ordovician Sha200 m to 2.7%
he Xiaoerbu
oped in the M
ons include t
3.3%) in the
two-thirds o
middle Camb
anically-rich
mal maturity
s and Shale Oil
ale Sequence at a Depth of
ulake Form
Manjiaer De
the Qiulitag
e Lower (C1)
of the Cam
brian, with e
shale thickn
y is mostly w
Resource Asses
in the Guchen 5,700 m.
ation, cons
epression an
e, Awatage
) and Middle
mbrian seque
xtensive sal
ness ranges
within the dry
ssment
ng-4
ist of
nd the
, and
e (C2)
ence.
lt and
from
y gas
XX. China
June, 2013
T
kerogen,
structura
reflecting
distributio
Tadong U
4% TOC
prospect
The organic
vitrinite-like
l location, r
g the paleo d
on within th
Uplift in the
C, while Low
ive depth at
Fi
content of t
e macerals
ranging from
depositional
e Lower Pa
eastern Tar
wer Ordovici
this particul
gure XX-22. Ordovic
Source: Hu
XX
the Cambria
, as well a
m as much
l environmen
aleozoic sect
rim Basin.41
an units ha
lar location (
Stratigraphy acian Shales in
u et al., 2009.
EIA/ARI W
X-36
an and Ord
as bitumen.
as 7% in t
nt. For exa
tion in the M
Lower Cam
ave mostly 2
(5,200-5,700
and TOC Distr the Milan-1 W
World Shale Ga
ovician sha
Regionall
he troughs
ample, Figur
Milan-1 well
mbrian forma
2% or less
0 m).
ribution of CaWell, Tarim Bas
s and Shale Oil
les in the T
ly, TOC va
to only 1-2
re XX-22 illu
, located on
ations in this
TOC, althou
mbrian and sin.
Resource Asses
Tarim consis
aries widely
2% in the u
ustrates the
n the flank o
s well have
ugh neither
ssment
sts of
with
plifts,
TOC
of the
up to
is at
XX. China
June, 2013
2.2 R
N
formation
that a sig
the 5-km
completio
in this ba
In
Mesozoic
thermal
Ordovicia
on the ve
A
dissolutio
introduce
negative
resource
local kar
hazard th
W
thick, wit
Ordovicia
that also
prospect
mi2 shale
shale wit
15,920-m
Reservoir Pr
New geologic
ns in the Ta
gnificant amo
m prospectiv
on technolog
asin.
n addition, s
c reservoirs
maturation o
an sapropel
ery structura
Another pote
on of underl
e copious f
ly affects po
e there.43 Fi
rst collapse
hat would ne
Within its 6,5
th relatively
an prospecti
is in the dry
ive area, wit
e oil prospec
th Ro of 0.9
mi2 prospecti
roperties (P
c informatio
rim are cons
ount of the O
ve depth “h
gy could add
significant n
throughout
of nitrogen-r
ic source ro
al uplifts that
ential “geoh
ying carbon
formation w
ortions of th
gure XX-23
structures
eed to be av
520-mi2 pros
low 2% TO
ive area is a
y-gas windo
th 390 ft of
ctive area al
%. In additio
ive area, ave
XX
Prospective
on gathered
siderably de
Ordovician a
haircut”. No
d back the l
nitrogen con
the Tarim B
rich mineral
ocks. Unfort
are most pr
hazard” is
ate rocks, w
water detrim
he Barnett S
3, a seismic
disrupting O
oided during
spective are
OC in the dry
approximatel
w (Ro of 1.8
high-TOC sh
lso exists fo
on, the L. T
eraging 400
EIA/ARI W
X-37
Area)
by ARI sin
eeper than p
and, particula
ote that ad
arge resourc
ntamination
Basin. Eleva
s (ammoniu
tunately, nitr
rospective fo
karstic colla
which locally
ental to sh
Shale play,
time section
Ordovician s
g shale deve
a the Camb
y-gas therm
ly 19,420 mi
8%). The U.
hale in the d
r the U. Ord
Triassic is pr
ft of high-TO
World Shale Ga
ce the 201
previously m
arly, the Cam
dvancements
ce that exist
(5-20%) is
ated nitroge
um clays, ev
rogen conce
or shale gas
apse of Or
y disrupts th
hale gas pr
locally steri
n from the n
strata.44 Ka
elopment.
brian organic
mal maturity
i2, with abou
. Ordovician
dry-gas wind
dovician, ave
rospective fo
OC shale wit
s and Shale Oil
1 study ind
mapped. The
mbrian reso
s in shale
ts in the 5-6
prevalent i
en apparently
vaporates) i
entration ten
.42
rdovician st
he shale stra
roduction.
lizing a sma
northern Tar
arsting is co
c-rich shale
window (Ro
ut 300 ft of o
n has a 10,9
dow (Ro of 2
eraging 300
or shale gas
th Ro of 0.9%
Resource Asses
icates that s
e new data
urce is subje
well drilling
6 km depth r
n Paleozoic
y was cause
in Cambrian
nds to be hig
trata cause
ata and also
Similar kar
all portion o
rim Basin, s
onsidered a
averages 3
o of 2%). T
organic-rich s
30-mi2 shale
2.0%). A 10
ft of organic
s and oil wit
%.
ssment
shale
show
ect to
g and
range
c and
ed by
n and
ghest
ed by
o may
rsting
of the
hows
geo-
380 ft
he L.
shale
e gas
0,450-
c-rich
thin a
XX. China
June, 2013
Figure X
So
2.3 R
C
of the Ta
previous
considere
interior u
further re
plays in
216 Tcf a
L
Tcf of ris
place. L
of risked
Ordovicia
technical
contains
risked, te
XX-23. SeismiOrdovician S
ource: Zeng e
Resource As
Compared wi
arim Basin in
ly mapped
ed too dee
uplifts raised
educed shal
the mid-upp
and 8 billion
. Cambrian
sked, technic
. Ordovician
, shale gas
an shale ga
lly recovera
an estimate
echnically re
ic Time SectioStrata. Karsti
t al., 2011.
ssessment
ith our 2011
ndicates that
and the pro
p for comm
d to prospec
le gas resou
per Ordovicia
barrels of ri
shale cover
cally recove
n shale within
in-place, wi
s lead conta
able shale g
ed 31 billion
coverable sh
XX
on from Northeng is a Geo-h
study, new
t Ordovician
ospective ar
mercial shale
ctive depth.
urces. On
an and L. Tr
sked, techni
rs a reduced
rable shale
n its 19,420-
ith 94 Tcf of
ains 265 Tcf
gas resourc
n barrels of
hale oil reso
EIA/ARI W
X-38
ern Tarim Basazard to be Av
more comp
and Cambr
rea is consi
e developm
The 20%
the other ha
riassic. We
ically recove
d 6,520-mi2
gas resourc
-mi2 high-gra
f risked, tec
f of risked s
ces. In add
risked shal
ources.
World Shale Ga
sin Showing Lvoided During
plete data co
rian shales a
iderably sm
ent (>5 km
nitrogen co
and, we add
e now estima
erable shale
high-graded
ces out of 17
aded area co
chnically rec
shale gas in
dition, a 10
le oil in-plac
s and Shale Oil
Local Karst Cog Shale Develo
overage and
are consider
maller. Most
m), with only
ontent and
ded newly r
ate that the
gas and oil
d area, with
76 Tcf of ris
ontains an e
overable res
n-place with
0,450-mi2 sh
ce with 1.6
Resource Asses
ollapse Disrupopment.
revised map
rably deeper
t of the bas
y portions o
karst disrup
recognized s
Tarim Basin
resources.
an estimate
sked shale g
estimated 37
sources. Th
61 Tcf of ris
hale oil pros
billion barre
ssment
pting
pping
r than
sin is
of the
ptions
shale
n has
ed 44
gas in
77 Tcf
he U.
sked,
spect
els of
XX. China
June, 2013
L
at 6.5 bi
barrels o
risked, te
2.4 R
N
One pos
Basin du
conventio
future sh
3 J
3.1 In
L
northwes
services
3 million
technolog
resource
harsh tha
elements
study.
T
resource
2011, wit
extensive
formation
while no
geology
PetroChi
. Triassic sh
illion barrels
of risked, sha
echnically re
Recent Activ
No shale gas
sitive indicat
ring the pas
onal oil prod
ale develop
UNGGAR
ntroduction
ike its large
st China’s X
than the Ta
n) is situate
gy center is
e-rich area.
an in the Ta
s of the basi
The Junggar
es. It produc
th output ex
e and highly
ns and geolo
t China’s la
and reserv
na on shale
hale has sha
s of risked,
ale oil in-plac
coverable a
vity
s or shale oil
tion is the w
st decade, w
duction.45 T
ment in the
BASIN
and Geolo
er neighbor
Xinjiang regi
rim and offe
ed in the s
s at Kelama
With mostly
arim and agr
n as well as
r Basin is u
ced an aver
xpected to ris
y prospective
ogic settings
argest shale
voir potentia
oil projects
XX
ale oil poten
technically
ce. In additi
ssociated ga
leasing or d
wide comme
ith the techn
This advance
Tarim Basin
gic Setting
the Tarim B
on. Howev
ers better inf
south-centra
ayi. Local i
y level surfac
riculture is m
s locations o
undergoing
rage 218,00
se to 400,00
e yet comple
s. ARI’s initia
e resource,
al. Shell a
in outlying a
EIA/ARI W
X-39
ntial within a
recoverable
ion, the L. T
as resources
drilling activi
ercial applic
nique already
ed drilling ca
n.
Basin, the 6
ver, the Jun
frastructure.
al Junggar
ndustry and
ce elevation
more develop
of ARI-propri
rapid deve
00 bbl/day o
00 bbl/day a
etely unteste
al data and a
actually ma
and Hess re
areas of the
World Shale Ga
15,920-mi2
e shale oil r
riassic could
s out of 161
ty has been
cation of ho
y accounting
apability pro
62,000-mi2 J
nggar is les
Xinjiang’s c
Basin, whil
d population
n just above
ped. Figure
ietary shale
elopment of
of oil and 0.5
and 1.0 Bcfd
ed shale gas
analysis sug
ay be its be
ecently sign
Junggar Ba
s and Shale Oil
prospective
resources o
d hold an es
Tcf of risked
reported in
rizontal drill
g for about h
ovides a goo
Junggar Ba
s remote fr
capital of Ur
le PetroChi
n are growin
1,000 m, th
e XX-24 sho
data used i
its rich oil
5 Bcfd of na
d by 2015. T
s and oil de
ggest that th
est overall in
ned study a
sin.
Resource Asses
e area, estim
out of 129 b
stimated 16 T
d gas in-plac
the Tarim B
ing in the T
half of the ba
od foundatio
asin is locat
om markets
rumqi (popu
na’s moder
ng rapidly in
he climate is
ows the struc
n conducting
l, gas, and
atural gas d
The Jungga
posits in mu
e Junggar B
n terms of s
agreements
ssment
mated
billion
Tcf of
ce.
Basin.
Tarim
asin’s
on for
ed in
s and
lation
rn oil
n this
s less
ctural
g this
coal
during
ar has
ultiple
Basin,
shale
with
XX. China
June, 2013
Source: A
T
mostly g
Carbonife
Carbonife
importan
The Jun
maturitie
than abo
FiguARI-Proprie
ARI, 2013.
The Junggar
gently dippin
erous and
erous, Perm
t due to its v
ggar is a t
s (Ro > 1%)
out 5 km.47
ure XX-24. Stretary Shale Ga
Basin is an
ng north, w
younger st
mian, Triassic
very high TO
thermally im
are attained
XX
ructural Elemeas Data Locat
asymmetric
west and ea
rata, Figure
c, and Juras
OC and good
mmature bas
d only in the
EIA/ARI W
X-40
ents Map of thtions and Loca
c cratonic ba
ast margins.
e XX-25.
ssic.46 Of the
d genetic po
sin with ab
North Tians
World Shale Ga
he Junggar Baation of Shale
asin with a th
. The bas
Four main
ese, the Per
tential, follow
bnormally low
shan forelan
s and Shale Oil
asin Showing e-Prospective
hrusted sout
sin contains
source roc
rmian is con
wed distantl
w heat flow
nd region at d
Resource Asses
Areas.
thern margin
up to 9 k
cks are pre
nsidered the
y by the Tria
w. Gas wi
depths of gr
ssment
n and
km of
esent:
most
assic.
ndow
reater
XX. China
June, 2013
L
Carbonife
mudston
mostly to
The Jura
suitable f
and more
T
environm
making t
Source
ower Carbo
erous sourc
e of marine
oo deep (> 5
assic is a coa
for shale-typ
e variable TO
The dominan
ments and h
hem one of
ERA
ME
SO
ZO
ICC
EN
OZ
OIC
PA
LEO
ZO
IC
C
Figure XX-25Prospe
: ARI, 2013.
oniferous pe
ce rocks rea
character,
5 km) but s
al-bearing, n
pe hydraulic
OC, mainly T
nt Permian s
have except
the world’s
PERIODQUATERNARY
DEVONIAN
Source Rock
JURASSIC
TERTIARY
CRETACEOUS
TRIASSIC
PERMIAN
CARBONIFEROU
XX
5. Stratigraphyective Permian
etroleum so
ach up to 1
with TOC o
hoals to les
non-marine u
stimulation.
Type III, and
source rock
ionally high
richest.48 T
EPOCHY Q
K2K1
T3T2T1P3 U
Lo
C2C1
k
J1
J2
J3
N
E
S
JUN
P1
P2
US
EIA/ARI W
X-41
y of the Junggn and Jurassic
urce rocks
,000 ft thick
f 0.5% to 2.
s than 3 km
unit that is ri
. Both Juras
d are conside
s were dep
TOC of up
The Permian
FORMATIONXiyu
DushanziTaxiheiShawan
AnjihaiheZiniquanziDonggouTuguluKalazaQigu
ToutunheXishanyaoSangongheBadaowanBaijiantanKelamay
BalkouquanUpper Wuerhe
ower WuerheXiazijie
FengchenJiamuhe
TalieguiaBaogutu
Conventional
GGAR BASIN
World Shale Ga
gar Basin, Higc Source Rock
are up to
k. These
.4% (Type I
m depth in u
ch in clay, p
ssic and Ca
ered poor qu
osited prima
p to 20% (T
n is conside
AGE (Ma)0 - 2.6
2.6 - 5.3
23.3 - 3232 - 6565 - 96
96 - 145.6
208 - 227227 - 241241 - 245245 - 257
e
290 - 320320 - 354
354
l Reservoir
N
145.6 - 157.1
157.1 - 178
178 - 208
5.3 - 23.3
257 - 270
270 - 290
s and Shale Oil
ghlighting ks.
1,300 ft thi
are describ
I, III). The
uplifted portio
probably duc
arboniferous
uality source
arily in lacu
Type I/II ker
red liquids-r
THICKNESS 350 - 2046207 - 1996100 - 320150 - 50044 - 80015 - 85546 - 81384 - 96450 - 800144 - 683
200 - 645
137 - 980
148 - 882
100 - 625
123 - 457250 - 45030 - 269
850 - 1160
430 - 1700
1800 - 400
830 - 1850
1
Resource Asses
ick, while U
bed as dark
Carbonifero
ons of the b
ctile, and thu
units have
e rocks.
strine and f
rogen, not c
rich (Ro= 0.7
(m)6600
3
5
0
5
70
0
0
00
0
ssment
Upper
grey
ous is
basin.
us not
lower
fluvial
coal),
7% to
XX. China
June, 2013
1.0%) at
developm
basin flan
T
as Lucao
consists
sandy m
thickness
detailed
the sout
immature
20%.49
T
the Perm
Triassic
contains
condition
C
Fukang,
deposits
oilfields w
Jurassic
T
tectonica
Basin ca
basin inte
favorable
target depth
ment in the t
nks and inte
The single m
ogou in the
of grey to b
udstones, s
s in the Ping
stratigraphy
thern Jungg
e lacustrine
Triassic sedim
mian, with th
Xiaoquango
up to 250
ns.
Conventional
North Dong
include the
which produ
age.
The Junggar
ally more co
an be structu
erior has ge
e for shale g
hs of 2-5 km
roughs, they
erior uplifts.
ost importan
e south), a
black mudsto
shaly siltston
gdiquan ran
and TOC p
gar Basin.
mudstone is
ments are m
he depocent
ou Group (i
m of dark
oil deposits
gdaohaizi, W
Cainan, W
uce from co
r Basin is
mplex shale
urally compl
ntle dip ang
as/oil develo
XX
m. Although
y do shoal to
nt source roc
lacustrine to
ones, oil sha
nes, siltstone
nges from 50
profiles for tw
Approxima
s present, w
more widely
er at the fro
ncluding Ka
mudstones
s in the eas
Wucaiwan, an
ucaiwan, Hu
onventional r
characterize
e basins of s
ex, particula
le and relati
opment.
EIA/ARI W
X-42
Permian so
o prospectiv
ck is the Mid
o deltaic de
ales and do
es and fine
0 m to a re
wo outcrop s
ately 300 to
with TOC ave
distributed
ont of the Ti
aramay, Hua
s and thin c
stern Jungg
nd Jimursar
uoshaoshan
reservoirs o
ed by muc
southern Ch
arly along its
vely few fau
World Shale Ga
ource rocks
ve depth of le
d-Permian P
eposit up to
olomitic mud
sandstones
markable 65
sections in th
o 700 m of
eraging 5%
across the
ianshan mo
angshanjie,
coals depos
gar sourced
r structural d
n, Shanan, B
of Carbonife
h simpler s
hina. While
s thrusted s
ults. Such si
s and Shale Oil
are too dee
ess than 4 k
Pingdiquan F
o 1,200 m t
stones inter
s. Hydrocar
50 m. Figu
he Permian
f organic-ric
and reachin
eastern Jun
untains. Th
and Haojiia
sited under
by these u
depressions
Beisantai, Sa
rous, Permi
structural g
some edge
southern ma
imple structu
Resource Asses
ep for comme
km along som
Formation (k
thick presen
rbedded with
rbon source
ure XX-26 s
Lucaogou F
ch but ther
ng a maximu
nggar Basin
he Mid- to U
agou format
fluvial-lacus
nits occur i
(“sags”). T
antai and G
ian, Triassic
eology than
es of the Jun
argin, most o
ure is consid
ssment
ercial
me of
nown
nt. It
h thin
e rock
hows
Fm of
rmally
um of
than
Upper
tions)
strine
n the
These
Ganhe
c and
n the
nggar
of the
dered
XX. China
June, 2013
Figure XFm, S
F
the entir
overthrus
but too d
north but
XX-26. DetaileSouthern Jun
Lacus
or example,
re Junggar
sted souther
deep (>5 km
t also thin ou
ed Stratigraphggar Basin. A
strine Mudston
Source: C
Figure XX-
Basin, illus
rn margin.50
) in most of
ut on structu
XX
hy and TOC PrApproximatelyne is Present,
Carroll and W
-27 shows a
trating the
Note that
the central
ral uplifts.
EIA/ARI W
X-43
rofiles for Twoy 300 to 700 m with TOC Ave
Wartes, 2003.
a regional no
relatively si
Permian an
basin trough
World Shale Ga
o Outcrop Secm of Organic-ri
eraging 4% (M
orth-south st
imple interio
nd Jurassic
h. These un
s and Shale Oil
ctions in the Pich but Therm
Maximum 20%
ructural cros
or structure
source rock
nits become
Resource Asses
Permian Lucaomally Immature%).
ss-section a
e as well as
ks are quite
e shallower t
ssment
ogou e
cross
s the
thick
to the
XX. China
June, 2013
In
strata dip
Again, fa
prevalen
Junggar
for over 4
Figure Relative
Rocks ar
Source: Q
FigureMargin o
Cretaceou
Source: Z
n particular,
p quite gentl
aults here ar
t along the s
Basin hosts
40% of the b
XX-27. Regioely Simple Strre Very Thick b
the No
Qiu et al., 200
e XX-28. Detaof the Junggarus (K) Strata D
Zhu et al., 201
on the north
ly (1° southe
re relatively
shallow wes
s a highly pro
basin’s conv
onal North-souructure, Apart but Too Deep orth but Thin
8.
ailed Structurar Basin, Based
Dip Gently intoAlong t
0.
XX
hwest flank
east) toward
few on the
stern basin m
ospective sh
entional oil r
uth Structural from its Over (>5 km) in theOut on Struct
al Cross-sectiod on Seismic o Basin. Faultthe Basin Marg
EIA/ARI W
X-44
of the Jung
ds the centra
basin interio
margin. This
hale gas/oil
reserves and
Cross-sectiorthrusted Soute Central Basitural Uplifts. V
on Trending Nand Well Datats are Few in tgin. No vertic
World Shale Ga
gar Basin, P
al trough, Fig
or side of th
s gently dipp
lead. This p
d has good e
n Across the Jthern Margin. in Trough. Th
Vertical Exagg
Northwest-soua. Permian (Pthe Basin Inte
cal exaggerati
s and Shale Oil
Permian thro
gures XX-2
he section b
ping northwe
part of the J
existing infra
Junggar Basi Permian and
hese Units Becgeration is 3.7x
utheast Across), Triassic (T),
erior but Becoon.
Resource Asses
ough Cretac
8 and XX-29
but become
est margin o
Junggar acco
astructure.
n. The Basin h Jurassic Soucome Shallowx.
s the Northwe, Jurassic (J),
ome More Prev
ssment
ceous
9.51,52
more
of the
ounts
has urce wer to
est and valent
XX. China
June, 2013
Figure XJunggar BStrata Di
Sourc
T
Jurassic
These sh
near intr
sandston
Jurassic
deep Fuk
R
Huo-10 w
100% ab
3,500 m,
it could i
conventio
considere
is not cu
depth in
XX-29. StructuBasin, Showinp Gently into
ce: Jin et al., 2
The southea
source roc
hales shoal
ra-basinal u
ne reservoirs
shales whic
kang Trough
Reservoir pre
well, located
bove hydros
Figure XX-
increase sha
onal objectiv
red as an imp
rrently feasi
the study ar
ural Cross-secng Conventionthe Basin. Fa
Bas
2008.
stern Jungg
k shales are
but also thi
uplifts struct
s in the Ca
ch may be
h.53
essure often
d on an antic
static levels
-32.54 Such
ale gas stor
ves: “The T
portant obje
ible to penet
rea, especial
XX
ction Trendingnal Oil Fields. aults are Few isin Margin. V
gar Basin a
e thick but
in onto the
ture is relat
inan oil field
prospective
is abnorma
cline in the
in Eocene
overpressu
rage and de
Triassic and
ective for futu
trate into the
lly in the Cha
EIA/ARI W
X-45
g Northwest-so Permian (P), in the Basin Inertical exagge
also has rela
too deep (>
intra-basin
tively simple
d, central Ju
for shale d
ally elevated
southern Ju
and Cretac
ring general
eliverability.
d Permian o
ure [convent
e overpressu
angji depres
World Shale Ga
outheast Acro Triassic (T), Jnterior but Beeration is 6x.
atively simp
>5 km) nea
high to the
e. Figure
unggar Basi
developmen
in the Jung
unggar, teste
ceous forma
lly is favorab
As one au
overpressure
tional] natura
ured bodies
ssion.”55
s and Shale Oil
oss the NorthwJurassic (J), acome More Pr
ple structure
r the southe
north, Figu
XX-31 sho
in, sourced
t further to
gar Basin.
ed pressures
ations at de
ble for shale
thor noted,
ed bodies s
ral gas explo
because of
Resource Asses
west Margin oand Cretaceourevalent Along
e. Permian
ern basinal
re XX-30.
ows convent
by Permian
the south i
For example
s of 50% to
epths of 2,00
e developme
referring he
should henc
oration becau
f their deep b
ssment
of the us (K) g the
n and
axis.
Even
tional
n and
n the
e, the
over
00 to
ent as
ere to
ce be
use it
burial
XX. China
June, 2013
Figure
Source: C
Figure Basin.
Fukang T
Source: C
XX-30. South
Chen et al., 20
XX-31. SouthThe conventioTrough to the
Chen et al., 20
h-north Orient
003.
h-north orienteonal sandston south, where
003.
XX
ted StructuralVertical e
ed structural cne reservoirs h they may be
EIA/ARI W
X-46
l Cross-sectioexaggeration 3
cross-section here were souprospective fo
10x.
World Shale Ga
on Across the 3.5x.
across the Caurced by Permor shale deve
s and Shale Oil
Southeastern
ainan oil fieldmian and Juras
lopment. Ver
Resource Asses
n Junggar Bas
, central Jungssic shales in rtical exaggera
ssment
sin.
ggar the ation
XX. China
June, 2013
3.2 R
P
area of
organic-r
11,500 ft
T
8,600 mi
Triassic
also in th
Triassic s
Figu
Sour
Reservoir Pr
Permian lacu
approximate
rich portion
t deep, with a
Triassic lacus
i2, based on
formations a
he oil windo
shales.
ure XX-32. Ovat th
rce: Pa et al.,
roperties (P
ustrine muds
ely 7,400 m
of the Ping
average 5%
strine mudst
n depth and
averages ab
ow (Ro of 0.
XX
ver-Pressuringhe Huo-10 Wel
2009.
Prospective
stones and s
mi2, based o
gdiquan/Luca
% TOC that is
tones and sh
thermal ma
bout 820 ft
85%). No m
EIA/ARI W
X-47
g in Eocene anl, Southern Ju
Area)
shales in the
on depth an
aogou forma
s in the oil w
hales cover
aturity mapp
thick and 1
mineralogica
World Shale Ga
nd Cretaceousunggar Basin.
e Junggar B
nd thermal m
ations avera
window (Ro of
a net prosp
ing. The ne
0,000 ft dee
al data are
s and Shale Oil
s Formations .
Basin cover a
maturity ma
ages about
f 0.85%).
pective area
et organic-ri
ep, with ave
available fo
Resource Asses
a net prospe
apping. The
820 ft thick
of approxim
ch portion o
erage 4.0%
r the Permia
ssment
ective
e net
k and
mately
of the
TOC
an or
XX. China
June, 2013
3.3 R
H
estimated
109 billio
recovera
of risked
Permian
rock rich
depositio
Junggar
has had
T
billion ba
risked sh
shale ga
shale ga
simple st
3.4 R
In
Hami un
Junggar
unsatisfa
H
methane
is located
Enviro E
Jurassic
non-mari
prospect
this PSC
test wells
Resource As
Highly prosp
d to have 5.
on barrels of
ble shale ga
shale gas i
shales are c
hness, over
onal setting
Basin shale
promising ex
Triassic lacus
arrels of risk
hale oil in-pl
as resources
s in-place. T
tructural sett
Recent Activ
n April 2012
nit to evalua
Basin. Pe
actory results
Hong Kong-b
production
d just west o
Energy has
Badaowan
ine environm
ive resource
C to be 1.512
s have been
ssessment
pective Perm
4 billion bar
f risked oil in
as resources
n-place. Wh
considered p
r-pressuring
is complete
e appears cl
xploration te
strine muds
ed, technica
lace. In ad
s associated
The Triassic
ting and ove
vity
Shell and H
ate shale oi
troChina re
s.
based Envir
sharing con
of Urumqi in
reported on
Formation c
ment. Third
es within the
2 Tcf (best e
drilled on th
XX
mian lacustri
rrels of risked
n-place. In a
s associated
hile not Chin
particularly a
, and simp
ely unlike th
loser to the
esting for sha
tones and s
ally recovera
dition, there
d with the T
is considere
er-pressuring
Hess signed
l in the Sa
ported they
ro Energy’s
ntract with pa
n the southe
n the shale
contains coa
d-party engi
e carbonace
stimate), res
his property.
EIA/ARI W
X-48
ne mudston
d, technicall
addition, the
d with the Pe
na’s largest
attractive ba
ple structura
he marine-d
REM seque
ale but is no
shales in the
able shale o
e could be 1
Triassic shal
ed less pros
g are favorab
d joint study
ntanghu Ba
had previo
TerraWest
artner Petro
rn Junggar
potential o
aly carbonac
ineering con
eous shale o
stricted to a
World Shale Ga
nes and shal
ly recoverab
ere could be
ermian shale
shale resou
ased on their
al setting.
deposited No
ence in Aus
ot yet fully co
e Junggar B
il resources
19 Tcf of ris
e oil depos
spective due
ble.
y agreement
asin, an out
ously drilled
Energy sub
oChina. The
Basin. In ad
of the block
ceous mudst
nsultancy N
of the Juras
maximum d
s and Shale Oil
les in the Ju
ble shale oil
e 17 Tcf of ri
e oil deposit
urce base, th
r favorable t
However,
orth Americ
stralia’s Coo
ommercial.
Basin have a
, out of 134
sked, technic
sits, out of 1
e to lower TO
ts with Petro
tlying portion
35 wells in
bsidiary ope
e 655-km2 Li
ddition to th
k. The 300
tone that wa
NSAI estimat
ssic Badaow
depth of 1,50
Resource Asses
unggar Basi
resources, o
isked, techn
ts, out of 17
he Junggar B
thickness, so
their lacus
can shales.
per Basin, w
an estimate
4 billion barre
cally recove
187 Tcf of r
OC, althoug
oChina’s Tu
n of the ea
n this basin
erates a coa
iuhuanggou
e CBM pote
0-m thick (g
as deposited
ted the unr
wan Formati
00 m.56 No s
ssment
n are
out of
nically
72 Tcf
Basin
ource
strine
The
which
d 6.7
els of
erable
risked
gh the
rpan-
astern
n with
albed
PSC
ential,
gross)
d in a
risked
on of
shale
XX. China
June, 2013
4 S
4.1 In
T
also has
Daqing c
natural g
shallow (
Songliao
biogenic
of ARI-pr
SONGLIAO
ntroduction
The Songliao
shale gas a
complex, cu
gas potentia
(<1.5 km) C
o Basin is re
origin.57 Fig
roprietary da
Fig
S
BASIN
and Geolo
o Basin in no
and oil pote
urrently prod
l of the Son
Cretaceous s
elatively low
gure XX-33
ata used in c
gure XX-33. PSongliao B
Source: ARI, 2
XX
gic Setting
ortheast Ch
ntial. The 1
ducing abou
ngliao becom
sandstone a
and much o
shows the
conducting th
Prospective SBasin, Showing
2013.
EIA/ARI W
X-49
ina is an im
08,000-mi2
ut 800,000 b
me recogniz
nd volcanic
of the conve
structural el
his study.
hale Oil Area g ARI-Propriet
World Shale Ga
mportant petr
basin hosts
bbl/day. O
zed, with ne
reservoirs.
entional natu
ements of th
for the Cretactary Data Loc
s and Shale Oil
roleum prod
s China’s lar
nly in recen
ew gas disco
The therma
ural gas is b
he basin as
ceous in the cations.
Resource Asses
ucing region
rgest oil field
nt years has
overies in m
al maturity o
believed to
well as loca
ssment
n that
d, the
s the
mainly
of the
be of
ations
XX. China
June, 2013
S
along wi
These st
The main
settings,
concentr
F
Qingshan
well as i
these un
rocks of a
S
T
m thick (
mainly c
Sedimentary
th minor Up
trata rest un
n source ro
reflecting
rated in discr
igure XX-3
nkou (Late C
important re
nits consist o
alluvial and
High
ource: ARI, 2
The Nenjiang
both gross).
clay mineral
rocks in the
pper Jurassi
conformably
cks are Low
regional la
rete sub-bas
4 shows th
Cenomanian
eservoirs the
of black mu
fluvial origin
Figure hlighting Pote
2013.
g Fm ranges
. Burial dep
s with som
XX
e Songliao B
ic, Tertiary
y on Precam
wer Cretace
ake anoxic
sins.
at the L. C
n) and Nenji
emselves).
dstone and
n overlie the
XX-34. Stratientially Prospe
s from 70 to
pth ranges fro
me siltstone.
EIA/ARI W
X-50
Basin are pr
and Quater
mbrian to Pal
eous organic
events, bu
retaceous S
ang formatio
Deposited
shale interb
lacustrine sh
graphy of theective Lower C
240 m thick
om 300 to 2
TOC rang
World Shale Ga
rimarily Cret
nary strata,
leozoic meta
c-rich shales
ut they are
Shahezi, Ya
ons -- are th
under deep
bedded with
hale sequen
e Songliao BasCretaceous So
, while the Q
2,500 m. Sh
ges from 1
s and Shale Oil
aceous non
totaling up
amorphic an
s which form
e unevenly
aojia -- and
he principal
pwater lacus
h gray siltsto
nces.
sin, ource Rocks.
Qingshankou
hales and m
% to 5% (
Resource Asses
n-marine dep
to 7 km th
nd igneous r
med in lacus
distributed
in particula
source rock
strine condit
one. Silicic
u Fm is 80 to
udstones co
(maximum 1
ssment
posits
hick.58
rocks.
strine
and
ar the
ks (as
tions,
clastic
o 420
ontain
13%),
XX. China
June, 2013
primarily
is therma
in the oil
T
hydrocar
Nenjiang
logs. Pe
reported
T
north plu
Four dist
phases.
basins, u
reduces
basin’s s
F
uplifts an
China bu
Formatio
2,500 m
E
volcanic
gas fields
the CO2
strike-slip
Depressi
Carbon d
much les
permeab
Type I-II ke
ally within th
window (ma
These Cretac
rbon genera
g and Qingsh
etroChina c
that comme
The Songliao
unging zone
tinct tectonic
Prospectiv
usually half-
the shale pr
subsidence h
igure XX-35
nd depressio
ut still signif
on (K2qn), th
deep across
Elevated lev
reservoirs in
s have been
is mainly m
p faults.62 F
ion of the So
dioxide conta
ss so for s
bility sandsto
erogen (in th
he oil to wet
aximum 0.9%
ceous sourc
ation capac
hankou shal
onsiders the
ercial oil prod
o Basin com
e, west slope
c phases oc
ve L. Cretac
-grabens tre
rospective a
history.
5, a regional
ons within t
ficant with m
he most pro
s the basin.6
vels of carb
n the Songl
n discovered
magmatic in
For example
ongliao, whe
amination is
shale oil tar
ones than int
XX
he Qingshan
gas window
% Ro).
ce rocks are
ity. Freque
les exhibit s
e Songliao
duction alrea
mprises six
e zone, nor
ccurred in th
ceous units
ending NE-S
area and als
l NW-SE tre
he Songliao
major norma
spective sha61
bon dioxide
iao Basin.
d to date, tot
origin, emp
e, Figure XX
ere northeas
s a potential
rgets, althou
to low-perme
EIA/ARI W
X-51
nkou) and Ty
ws (0.7% to
believed to
ently over-p
trong gas sh
Basin to be
ady has occu
main struct
rtheast uplift
he basin: pre
are restrict
SW that rang
o requires a
nding struct
o basin. De
al faults. O
ale oil targe
are comm
About one d
taling 6.5 Bc
placed betw
X-36 shows
st-trending s
risk for shal
ugh it is m
eability shale
World Shale Ga
ypes II-III (N
1.5% Ro), w
o have expu
pressured a
hows and tr
e prospectiv
urred from s
tural eleme
t, southeast
e-rift, syn-rif
ted to nume
ge from 300
an understan
tural cross-s
eformation is
Organic-rich
et, ranges fr
mon within
dozen high-
cf of proved
ween 72 and
seismic cros
strike-slip fau
le gas explo
more likely t
es.
s and Shale Oil
Nenjiang). T
while the you
lsed only so
and naturall
ravel time de
ve for shale
shale there.5
nts: the cen
t uplift, and
ft, post-rift, a
erous small
0 to 800 mi
nding of eac
ection, show
s milder he
L. Cretaceo
rom 200-400
Cretaceous
concentratio
reserves.
d 48 Ma alo
ss-sections
ults are asso
oration in the
to have mig
Resource Asses
The Qingsha
unger Nenjia
ome 20% of
ly fractured
elays on aco
exploration59
ntral depres
southwest
and compre
isolated sy2 in size.60
ch individual
ws the altern
re than in S
ous Qingsha
0 m thick an
sandstone
on (70-99%)
Isotopes ind
ong deep-se
in the Chan
ociated with
e Songliao B
grated into
ssment
ankou
ang is
f their
, the
oustic
n and
ssion,
uplift.
ssion
yn-rift
This
sub-
nating
South
ankou
nd 0-
and
) CO2
dicate
eated
ngling
CO2.
Basin,
high-
XX. China
June, 2013
FigureQin
Source: W
Figure XX
Source: L
e XX-35. Regingshankou Fo
Wu et al., 2009
X-36. Seismictrending strik
Luo et al., 201
onal NW-SE Sormation (K2q
9.
c cross sectioke-slip faults a
1.
XX
Structural Croqn) is about 20
ns in Changlinassociated wi
EIA/ARI W
X-52
ss-section of
00-400 m thick
ng Depressionth CO2 contam
World Shale Ga
Songliao Bask and 0-2,500 m
n of Songliao mination (scal
s and Shale Oil
sin. Organic-rm Deep Acros
Basin, showile, location no
Resource Asses
rich Cretaceouss the basin.
ng deep northot noted).
ssment
us
heast-
XX. China
June, 2013
4.2 R
L
area of
organic-r
ft deep, w
assumed
parts of t
4.3 R
T
estimated
barrels o
located in
likely du
recovera
risked sh
T
structura
of Wyom
thermal m
4.4 R
D
potential
area. Ho
S
deep hor
Songliao
depth of
The Jilin
isolated
slickwate
Reservoir Pr
ower Cretac
approximate
rich portion o
with 4.0% TO
d to be abou
the basin bu
Resource As
The Lower C
d to hold ap
of risked, te
n isolated ha
ctile nature
ble shale ga
hale gas in-p
The Songliao
lly complex
ming, which f
maturity and
Recent Activ
During 2010
at giant Da
owever, Hes
Separately, t
rizontal well
o Basin. Th
about 3,600
n wells typic
using sliding
er, and propp
roperties (P
ceous lacust
ely 6,900 m
of the Qings
OC that is in
ut 10% in sh
t have not b
ssessment
Cretaceous
pproximately
echnically re
alf-graben ri
e of the roc
as resources
place.
o Basin lack
and of lacu
formed in an
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vity
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qing oil field
ss’ last updat
he Jilin Oilf
s in a tight
hese wells t
0 m, but the
cally drilled
g sleeves.
pant was res
XX
Prospective
trine mudsto
mi2, based o
shankou mud
n the volatile
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een quantifi
lacustrine m
y 229 billion
ecoverable s
ft basins an
ck. In add
s associated
ks a suitable
strine sedim
n inter-monta
d.
PetroChina
d in the Song
te on this pro
field Compa
sandstone g
targeted the
e technology
1,200-m ho
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EIA/ARI W
X-53
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ones in the
on depth an
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irs. Natural
ed.
mudstones
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shale oil res
d may be di
ition, there
d with the sh
e commercia
mentary orig
ane lake set
reportedly c
gliao Basin a
oject came o
ny has drille
gas reservoi
e low-perme
y also could
orizontal late
he frac fluid
and. All ten
World Shale Ga
Songliao Ba
nd thermal m
al about 1,00
(average 0.9
fractures h
and shales
risked shale
sources. N
fficult to ext
may be 1
hale oil depo
al North Am
in. The Eoc
tting, is a po
conducted a
and also dis
on January 2
ed and mas
ir at Changl
eability Deng
d be applied
erals that we
d used was
n wells were
s and Shale Oil
asin cover a
maturity ma
00 ft thick an
9% Ro). Ca
ave been re
in the Son
e oil in-place
Note that the
ract due to t
6 Tcf of ris
osits, out of
merican shale
cene Green
ossible analo
a joint study
scussed exp
26, 2011.
ssively fractu
ing gas field
glouku tight
d to tight/sha
ere stimulat
heavy guar
reportedly s
Resource Asses
a net prospe
apping. The
nd average 5
rbon dioxide
eported in ce
ngliao Basin
e with 11.5 b
ese deposits
the high-clay
sked, techn
about 155 T
e analog, as
River Form
og albeit of
of shale/tig
panding the s
ured at leas
d in the sou
t sandstone
ale oil reserv
ted in 11 st
r gel, rather
successful.63
ssment
ective
e net
5,500
e was
ertain
n are
billion
s are
y and
nically
Tcf of
s it is
mation
lower
ght oil
study
st ten
thern
at a
voirs.
tages
r than 3
XX. China
June, 2013
5 O
S
have sha
Hami Ba
lacustrine
southeas
mudston
T
high clay
produced
commerc
mudston
Basin (H
Permian
Ordos Ba
prospect
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