www.greenfuels.co.uk www.biodiesel.co.uk

www.greenfuelsresearch.com

‘From Royal Trains to Jet planes’James Hygate Founder & CEO

Green Fuels Founded 2003

Design, manufacture and supply technology for distributed-scale biodiesel production

Installed capacity of over 400 million litres per year

Equipment in over 50 countries on 5 continents

Patents in processing technology & bio-aviation fuel

Royal Warrant of Appointment

Distributed-scale approach Locate facility close to source of supply

Relatively low capital cost, rapid payback

Reduces impact of transport on cost and carbon budget

Consistent high quality fuel

Builds community involvement

Improves traceability in feedstock-to-fuel cycle

Ideal for emerging markets, islands, cities and closed loop recycling

20,000 lpd FuelMatic GSX 20 being installed for diesel co-operative in Massachusetts

Closed-loop recycling of waste oil into fuel for logistics fleet at distribution centre for McDonald’s in Dubai, UAE

Technology Scaled for distributed, rapid-deployment and

mobile applications: Standardised, factory built and tested

Skid mounted and containerised options

Touch screen PLC controlled with remote access

Use proven transesterification method with patented separation technology (US 8,562,841)

No water requirement, can operate off-grid

Commercially proven globally with variety of feedstocks

Micro onsite installations from 50 litres per day

Commercial installations from 1,000 litres/day to 50,000 litres/day

Fuel used in a variety of applications….

Case study: Closed loop recycling Co-locating at DC’s the refineries are located

at the oil well and point of use - maximising margin and demonstrable carbon savings

McDonald’s currently recycle 12.5 million gallons of used cooking oil per year in the USA alone

Co-location minimises:- collection, consolidation and brokerage costs - enabling dramatic margin increase

Primary driver is the demonstrable LC CO2 saving over using fossil fuel

But in most locations its also cheaper than traditional fuel sources.

New oil

Biodiesel

Used oil

Used oil

Case study: diesel-electric locomotive

Royal Train – used by UK Royal Family for official duties

Hauled by Class 67 diesel-electric locomotives with 1.9MW output

Running on 100% Green Fuels-supplied biodiesel since 2007

Anecdotal report of improved fuel economy with biodiesel vs. mineral diesel

Case study: Combined Heat and Power

PWC Headquarters London

CHP system providing all heating and cooling and 25% of electrical demand.

Operating on 100% biodiesel produced in a Green Fuels FuelMatic from locally sourced UCO

Highest BREEAM outstanding rating Worldwide

Being rolled out to other sites

Tapachula, Mexico

Serving regional airport, providing biodiesel for local transport

Fuel used as B100 for transport to COP 16

Provides model for future decentralised production of aviation biofuel

Case study: Rural locations

Case study: BioJet 1 US subsidiary provided the biodiesel for ‘Green Flight’, the world’s first B100 jet aircraft

flight

The plane was an Czechoslovakian L29 Delfin jet fighter / trainer from the early 1960s

The flight was performed at the Stead air field in Reno, Nevada on October 5, 2007

Started our research into bio-aviation fuels…..

The aviation biofuel market

Global jet fuel demand 6 MBPD by 2020 = $262bn

IATA: 6% of fuel to be alternative by 2020

EU: 600 MGPY of aviation biofuel by 2020

USA: 1,500 MGPY by 2020

Addressable global market - $15B by 2020

MBPD, million barrels per day; MGPY, million (US) gallons per year

Jet biofuel patent Based on hydro-processed fatty acid esters HEFA

Drop-in biofuel so no adaptation to infrastructure or aircraft

US Patent 8,715,374 Issued May 6th 2014

Granted claims cover fuel composition

Fuel composition is wide ranging and encompasses hydroprocessed FAME

Why Green Fuels Biojet?

Low feedstock dependency

Close to market, ASTM approved and applicable at any scale

FAME input is free from glycerine contamination, reducing the energy required to the process oil.

Freeze separating the fractions allows selection of the optimum fraction of FAME for onward processing into jet fuel and other high value products.

Removes components responsible for low-temperature gelling as well as for oxidative instability.

The technology can be retrofitted to existing biodiesel facilities that have a secure feedstock supply

By co-locating at exiting biodiesel facilities we minimise permitting time and costs

TechnologyTr

anse

ster

ifica

tion

High- n-3triglyceride oil

MeOH

Glycerol

FAME mixtureLo

w-t

empe

ratu

re

free

ze fr

actio

natio

n

n-3 esters

n-6, n-9, saturated esters

Hig

her-

tem

pera

ture

fr

eeze

frac

tiona

tion

Saturated esters

Hyd

roge

natio

n

H2

n-6, n-9 mono-unsaturates

Hyd

roly

sis

H2O

n-6, n-9 estersEster/alkane fuel

Tran

sest

erifi

catio

n

Low- n-3 triglyceride oil

MeOH

Glycerol

FAME mixture

Hig

her-

tem

pera

ture

fr

eeze

frac

tiona

tion

Saturated esters

Hyd

roge

natio

n

H2

n-6, n-9 mono-unsaturates

Hyd

roly

sis

H2O

n-6, n-9 estersEster/alkane fuel

Fuel properties

JP-8 Jet A; Jet A-1 GFR fuelAromatics vol% 25 25 10

Flashpoint °C 38 38 51Density @15°C kg/m3 775-840 775-840 805

Net Heat of Combustion MJ/kg 42.8 42.8 43.3Freeze Point °C –47 –40; –47 –54

FA compositions

C20:5 C20:2 C8:0 C10:0 C20:1 C18:3 C18:2 C16:1 C12:0 C18:1 C14:0 C16:0 C22:1 C18:0 C24:1 C20:0 C22:0 C24:00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sunflower Soybean Corn (USA) Canola JatrophaUCO Palm Camelina P. tricornutum N. salina

Fatty Acid

Perc

ent c

ompo

sition

Fatty

acid

mel

ting

poin

t, de

g C

Cost analysis – UCO

Feed

stoc

k

TE c

apex

TE re

agen

ts

TE e

nerg

y

Glyce

rine

Frac

tiona

tion

1 ca

pex

F1 e

nerg

y

n-3

fract

ion

F2 e

nerg

y

Road

fuel fr

actio

n

H2 ca

pex

H2 re

agen

ts

H2 en

ergy

H2O c

apex

H2O re

agen

ts

H2O e

nerg

y0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

$/g

al (U

S)

Overall yield of jet fuel per litre feedstock ml 662Net cost per gallon $ 2.84

A typical UCO would provide approximately:• 76% jet fuel • 17% road fuel• 7% n-3

Opportunities in Brazil

Today bioenergy represents around 30% of the Brazilian energy makeup

Great potential for the decentralised processing of used cooking oil into biodiesel

Ethanol mills looking at biodiesel production to fuel farming operations

Mining companies looking at biodiesel production for internal use

Huge opportunity for the production and use of bio-aviation fuels as outlined in ‘Flightpath to aviation biofuels in Brazil’

Contact details

Green Fuels Ltd.

Future House

Staverton Technology Park

Cheltenham

Gloucestershire

GL51 6TQ

+44 208 133 3869

james.hygate@greenfuels.co.uk

www.greenfuels.co.uk

www.greenfuelsresearch.com