wsp urban areas singapore 2008

Safer Water, Better Health(WHO Publication 2008)

DALYS (‘000) Attributable to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, By Cause and WHO Member State, 2002

Disease or injuryDisease or injury IndiaIndiaPopulation (‘000) 1 049 550

Total deaths 10 378.5

Total WSH-related 782

% of total deaths 7.5%

Deaths (‘000) Attributable to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, By Cause and WHO Member State, 2002

Total DALYs 299 909.8

Total WSH-related 28 213.3

% of total DALYs 9.4%

Why we need to review our approach

• In India like many other countries waterborne illness still occurs

• Outbreaks show us that we cannot solely rely on water treatment indicators

• End-point testing is too-little-too-late

Start Up Activities

• Initial meetings/workshops with Ministry of Urban Development, CPHEEO, BWS&SB, HMWS&SB and other partners in 2004 : jointly by USEPA and WHO.

• September 2004: Workshop for strengthening Drinking Water Quality Surveillance programme involving five Ministries, ten research agencies and ten selected water boards/ PHEDs.

• March 2005: Workshop to introduce the concept of WSP, Development of Directory of DWQ Labs., Development of Manuals for Lab. Practitioners.

What made Water Safety Plan Acceptable?

Some basic questions to build a WSP

1. What are the hazards to safe drinking water?

2. How will these hazards be controlled?

3. How will the control for the hazard be monitored?

4. What actions must be taken to restore control?

5. How can the effectiveness of the system be verified?

Since WSPs are a risk management tool to prevent the contamination of drinking water before it occurs, WS Managers accepted the concept.

Interrelation of the chapters of the Guidelines for Drinking water Quality in ensuring drinking water

safety

Introduction (Chapter 1)

The guideline requirements (Chapter 2)

Health-based targets (Chapter 3)

Public health context and health outcome

Water Safety Plans (Chapter 4)

System assessment

Monitoring Management and communication

Surveillance (Chapter 5)

FRAMEWORK FOR SAFE DRINKING WATER SUPPORTING INFORMATION

Microbial aspects (Chapters 7 and 11)

Chemical aspects (Chapters 8 and 12)

Radiological aspects

(Chapter 9)

Acceptability aspects

(Chapter 10)

Application of the Guidelines in specific circumstances (Chapter 6)

Large buildings, Emergencies and disasters, Travellers, Desalination systems, Packaged drinking water, Food production, Planes and ships

Water Safety Plan

A WSP comprises, as a minimum, the three essential actions that are the responsibility of the drinking water supplier in order to ensure that drinking water is safe. These are:• a system assessment;• effective operational monitoring; and • management

WHO’s Response

• Moving away from reliance on output monitoring- i.e. measuring para-metres in final water

• More input monitoring- i.e. measuring para-metres showing that the system is working

• Priority focus on microbial hazards

• Short- term chemical changes and exposures

• Catchment-to-consumer (“farm-to-fork”)

• Multiple barrier approach – “HACCP”

• Reality check on today’s water supply situations

What are the benefits to doing a Water Safety Plan?

• Significant cost savings: allows more effective, targeted investments in infrastructure for maximum benefit

• Health benefits: improved water quality and reduced incidence of illness and disease

• Cutting edge approach and best practice for securing water safety

Aspects of collaboration

• Partnerships amongst GOI, State Water Boards, WHO, USEPA and NEERI

• Objective of collaboration is to demonstrate risk-based management of urban water supply systems, including following 3 activities:

– Laboratory strengthening

– Water safety plan demonstration

– Water treatment plant optimization

Laboratory Strengthening

• Collaboration between NEERI, NICD, WHO, and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to develop laboratory manual

• Manual peer reviewed and published in 2007.

• Training offered to participants from Hyderabad and Pune based on manual

• Development of Directory of Water Quality Testing Laboratories.

Development of Support Documents for DWQ

Laboratories

1. Directory of Drinking Water Quality Test Laboratories.

2. Guidance Manual for Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment.

www.whoindia.org/sde/water_snitation/water/water_quality/

http://www.whoindia.org/sde/water_snitation/water/water_quality/

WSP Demonstration Projects in Hyderabad

Three Locations

– Adikmet area – 24X7 water supply maintained by HMWS&SB. Comparatively new system.

– Serilingampally area- Bulk supply by HMWS&SB augmented by ground water sources. Maintained by Local Body.

– Moin Bagh area – Old city, narrow lanes, intermittent water supply maintained by MHWS&SB. Old system.

Steps adapted for the Development of WSP: Hyderabad

Forming WSP steering group

Review of existing data / System /

Description / Zoning

Development of tools – Analytical

training

System Assessment / Validation of Tools

Establish Vulnerability /

Hazard Matrix & Map

Development of Risk Maps

Verification and Refinement of WSP

Health-Based Targets for DWS Objectives

• The overall objective of the study is to conduct a risk assessment in each of the three project sites that would provide baseline data for establishing health based targets to guide and evaluate the implementation of the WSPs in these sites. Specifically, in each of the project areas, the study aims to:– Estimate incidence of acute gastroenteritis (GE)

– Estimate intra-household and distribution point prevalence of drinking water contamination

– Assess relative risk relationship between exposure factors (drinking water and hygiene practices and water quality) and health outcomes

– Assess socioeconomic determinants influencing exposure to risks and disease burden

Incidence of Acute Gastroenteritis

Area Slum Non Slum Total

GE Cases (Last Seven Days)Adikmet 5 5 10

Moinbagh 45 32 77

Serilingampally 27 23 50

Total 77 60 137

Population CoveredAdikmet 896 1511 2407

Moinbagh 1320 1343 2663

Serilingampally 796 1493 2289

Total 3012 4347 7359

Incidence Rate of GE Per 1000Adikmet 5.58 3.31 4.15

Moinbagh 34.09 23.83 28.91

Serilingampally 33.92 15.41 21.84

Overall 25.56 13.80 18.62

IRA - WDS• IRA : Integrated Risk Assessment• WDS : Water Distribution System

IRA-WDS is based on a risk-based modeling approach that assesses the risk associated with contaminant intrusion into water distribution system during non-supply hours. This is a GIS based decision support system that predicts the risk associated with contaminated water entering WDS from surrounding surface foul water bodies, sewer pipes, drains and ditches

Components of IRA - WDS

• Contaminant Ingress System

• Pipe condition Assessment Model

• Risk Assessment Model

• GIS integration

Risk Assessment Model

Estimation of seepage envelopes due to pollution sources (contamination zone)

Estimation of contaminant zone in water distribution network (intersection of seepage envelopes with

distribution network)

Simulation of contaminant concentration at contaminant zone

Pipe condition assessment model

Risk Assessment Model

Risk Analysis

Length of contamination pipe or SPCZ

Condition of contaminated pipe

Contaminant concentration along

SPCZ

Ingress Model

• ADD a slide on data to be collected from Abha’s slide.

Contaminated Zones in WDS of Adikmet

Risk Rank

Risk Classification

Risk Index

No. of Pipes

Percentage(%)

2 Very High 0.3 3 0.32

3 High 0.45- 0.54 17 1.83

4 Medium 0.63- 0.82 490 52.8

5 Low 0.86- 1.0 418 45.04

Risk Mapping of WS Network in Adikmet

Findings

Very High Risk : 3 Pipes (1975)

High Risk : 17 Pipes (1975 and 1996)

Medium : 490 Pipes (1975, 1978 & 1996)

Low : 418 Pipes (1975, 1996 & 2005)

Very Bad : 3 Pipes (1975)

Bad : 15 Pipes (1975)

Medium : 293 (1975, 1978, 1996)

Good : 327 (1975, 1996)

Very Good : 290 (1996 and 2005)

Condition of Pipes

Risk Assessment

Verification point 1

Back side of Batkama Kunta Sewer Crossing

Sewer LineWater Supply

Water Sample Collected on Feb 13, 08

No Contamination detected

Risk

Rank

Risk Class

PCA Rank

PCA Class

Installation Year

Material

Pressure

Kg/cm2)

Leakage

(lps)

Bedding Condition

Workmanship

Traffic Contaminant Conc

2 High 1 V.Bad 1975 RCC Low 1.2 Poor Poor Busy 0

4 Medium 4 Good 1996 CI Low 0.3 Good Good Medium 0

5 Low 5 V.Good 1996 CI Low 0.1 Good Good Quiet 0

Legend

RISKRANK

2

3

4

5

Road

High Risk due to Bad Pipe Condition

14

5

Contaminated Pipe at DMA-II

Sewer Crossing WS line

Physical verification required for contamination due to sewer

Sewer Crossing WS Line

Contaminant Ingress1 : Contaminant Concentration

• Add slide on CCP

Steps completed in Hyderabad• Regional workshop introducing participants to WSPs

completed – May 2006

– Workshop brought together participants from Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, in addition to the Chennai, Delhi, and Pune to build a network of regional water safety professionals

• Formation of Steering Committee and three task forces for three zones.

• Engagement of NEERI for documentation and provide technical support for Risk assessment.

• Study for ”Assessing acute Gastroenteritis risks associated with water quality and sanitation facilities” in the three zones.

• Field level data collection for the water systems, sanitation, drainage, soil, groundwater, contour maps, land use plan etc. in three zones.

• GIS mapping

• Completed model treatment plant audit, to be expanded to two additional cities and additional water treatment plants.

Other Uses of WSP

• WSP may be used as a tool for better management of water supply systems. This not only helps in identifying the risk areas, it could also be used for:

1. Identifying losses in the system including unaccounted for water/ revenue loss.

2. Investment planning by pinpointing very high risk and moderate risk areas.

3. Focusing the WQ monitoring locations and taking up corrective measures

Agencies Involved in the development of Agencies Involved in the development of Training ModuleTraining Module

Engineering Staff College of India, Hyderabad

Hyderabad Metro Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWS&SB)

NEERI- Nagpur, Mumbai and Hyderabad Department of Health, Government of Andhra

Pradesh Institute of Health System, Hyderabad WHO India Country Office

Training Material for Water Safety Plan in Training Material for Water Safety Plan in Urban Areas – Target GroupUrban Areas – Target Group

ParticipantsParticipants Water Supply Managers, Public Health Engineers,

Scientist involved in Water Supply Maintenance, Water Supply Policy Makers

DurationDuration 4 Days

Location (present)Location (present) Engineering Staff College of India, Gachi Bowli,

Hyderabad – 500 032

Topics to be covered in the training for WSP- Topics to be covered in the training for WSP- Urban AreasUrban Areas

Topics to be coveredTopics to be covered DurationDuration Presented ByPresented ByDay 1 1st Session Introduction to WSP 1 ½ hrs ESCI

2nd Session Risk Analysis 1 ½ hrs WHO

3rd & 4th Sessions

Water Sanitation & Health Hazards 1 ½ hrs each IHS (Dr George)

Department of Health, Government of A.P.

(Dr Sailaja)

Day 2 5th Session Case Studies, Hyderabad 1 ½ hrs HMWS&SB

(Mr Narsappa)

6th Session Data Collection for WSP, CCP Concept 1 ½ hrs NEERI

(Dr Ravinder Kumar)

7th Session Introduction to GIS Applications in WSP, Data Maping etc.

1 ½ hrs NEERI

(Dr Aabha Sargaokar)

8th Session Development of CCP in other areas 1 ½ hrs day NEERI (Dr Rakesh)

Day 3 Field Visit Adikmet Zone

Moin Bagh

Serilingampally

1 Day ESCI/HMWS&SB (GMs) & NEERI

Day 4 9th Session Development of WSP and its planning Integration and interepretation

1 ½ hrs HMWS&SB

(Mr Narsappa)

10th Session Feedback and Valedictory 1 ½ hrs

Development of Training Material for Water Safety Plan Development of Training Material for Water Safety Plan in Urban Areasin Urban Areas

Topics CoveredTopics Covered Presented ByPresented By

Introduction to WSPIntroduction to WSPWhat is WSP? How this is useful for strengthening water quality surveillance programme? What are the main principles behind WSP?

ESCIESCI

Risk AnalysisRisk AnalysisWhat is a Risk Factor? How the concept of HACCP applied in WSP? What are the methods of applying the Risk Factors? How to determine the Risk Factor? What are the major Risk Factors? Sanitary Survey

WHOWHO

(Mr. A.K.Sengupta)(Mr. A.K.Sengupta)

Water Sanitation & Health HazardsWater Sanitation & Health HazardsWater supply and environmental sanitation and its linkages with health. How this was done in case of WSP programme in Hyderabad? What is acute GE diseases and risk associated with it in the three zones? What are environmental factors we are looking for? What are the linkages between inadequate water and sanitation with health and epidemiological studies?

Institute of Health Institute of Health Systems (Dr George)Systems (Dr George)

&&

Department of Department of Health, Govt of A.PHealth, Govt of A.P

(Dr Sailaja)(Dr Sailaja)

Day 1Day 1


Day 2Day 2Topics CoveredTopics Covered Presented ByPresented By

Case Studies, HyderabadCase Studies, Hyderabad

Description of Hyderabad Metro Water Supply & Sewerage Board and Why they have adapted the concept of WSP in the three areas in the city. How the three zones got selected? Special features about the three zones. What we expect to achieve? How WSP was initiated in Hyderabad? Formation of Team

HMWS&SBHMWS&SB

(Mr Narsappa)(Mr Narsappa)

Data Collection for WSP, CCP ConceptData Collection for WSP, CCP Concept

What data need to be collected for WSP? Significance of these data. What are the problems in getting this data? Where to get these data? How these were collected in the field?

NEERINEERI

(Mr Ravinder Kumar (Mr Ravinder Kumar Rao/ Ms. Dhage)Rao/ Ms. Dhage)

Introduction to GIS Applications in WSP, Data Maping etcIntroduction to GIS Applications in WSP, Data Maping etc

How these data gets used in the development of WSP? What is GIS and How this is in use? How this programme gets developed and interpreted? The significance of these results in determining the risks? Interpretation of risks. Solution of the problem

NEERINEERI

(Dr Aabha Sargaokar)(Dr Aabha Sargaokar)

Development of CCP in other areasDevelopment of CCP in other areas NEERI NEERI

(Dr Rakesh/ Ms Dhage)(Dr Rakesh/ Ms Dhage)


Day 3Day 3


Field VisitField Visit

Adikmet Zone

Moin Bagh

Serilingampally

ESCI/HMWS&SB ESCI/HMWS&SB (GMs) & NEERI(GMs) & NEERI


Day 4Day 4


Development of WSP and its planning Development of WSP and its planning Integration and InterpretationIntegration and Interpretation

Feedback from the Group on Field visit

Certificate distribution and Concluding session

HMWS&SB)HMWS&SB)

(Mr Narsappa)(Mr Narsappa)

Partners signed on to the Collaborative Effort

Federal Agencies• MoH&FW/ NICD• MoUD/ CPHEEO• RGNDWM• MoWR/ CGWB• MoE&F/ CPCB• CSIR/ NEERI

State Agencies• HMWS&SB• DoH, GoAP• IPM, GoAP• EPTRI, GoAP• Institute of Health System• Hyderabad Mun. Corp.• Serillingampally Mun.• Delhi Jal Board• Pune Municipal Corp. • ASCI• NGOs

AGENCIES

• USEPA/ USAID

• UNICEF

• World Bank –WSP

• WHO

Opportunities to share lessons

• NEERI, as coordinator, will be documenting entire process

• Opportunity to share lessons learned in other urban systems (expanding risk assessment tools to assist water utilities with management).

• Opportunity to share guidance documents generated as a result of activity with interested cities.

• Training Programme for WSP.

• Add States/ Urban Bodies showing interest in WSP

Conclusion

• WSPs protect from contamination from catchments to consumer

• WSPs are comprehensive management strategies to prevent outbreak of disease

• WSPs assist water boards with making targeted investments for maximum benefit

*picture courtesy HMWS & SB

Thank you.Thank you.