Rina Utami 201012501025Nursanti Setiorini 201012500913Nurhasanah 201012500908Muhammad Fajarudin 201012500842Nurhadini Astuti 201012500015Nur Eviyanti 201012500573Yuli Iriyanti 201012500695Muhammad Zamroni 201012500890

GROUP 7Lecturer

Risa Mufliharsi, S.Pd.,M.Pd.Lecture

WRITING 3

THE ESSAY

An essay is a piece of writing several paragraphs long instead of just one or two paragraphs.

Therefore, you must devide the topic into several paragraphs, one for each major point.

Writing An Essay

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH

BODY

CONCLUSION

General StatementThesis Statement

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

Paragraph 3

Restatement or summary of the main points; Final Comment

An Essay has three main parts

Four purpose :

1.It Introduces the topic of the essay.2. It gives a general background of the topic.3. It often indicates the overall “plan” of the essay.4. It should arouse the reader’s interest in the topic.

General Statements Thesis Statements

The Introductory Paragraph

- Introduce the topic of the essay- Give the background information on

the topic

- States the main topic- Often list the subdivisions of the topic or

subtopic- May indicate the method of organization of

the entire paper- Is usually the last sentence in the

introductory paragraph

“Metropolitan City is full of charm and scenic beauty, so visitors from around the world come to enjoy its famous theaters, museums, countless ethnic restaurants, and scenic wonders. Although Metropolitan City seems like a paradise, it isn’t. The city has several serious problems: poor public transportation, congested streets, and expensive housing” (Hogue, A. & Oshima, A., 1991, p. 92).

General Statement

Thesis Statement

Example introductory paragraph

the final paragraph in an essay, which tells the reader that you have completed an essay

The concluding paragraph consist of

The Concluding Paragraph

1. A summary of the main points, or a restatement of your thesis in different words

2. Your Final comment on the subject, based on the information you have provide

“In conclusion, Metropolitan City must improve its public transit system, clear up the massive traffic jams caused by slow-moving traffic in the downtown areas, and keep rentals down to affordable levels. In other words, Metropolitan City must improve its image, or it will soon become just another mediocre city due to the lack of administrative responsibility to solve these unfortunate problems”

(Hogue, A. & Oshima, A., 1991, p. 79).

Example concluding paragraph

Summary of main ideas

Prediction

OUTLINE

Subtopic that form the body of the essay are indented to the right.You move to the right, the ideas become more and more specific.

The best way to organize your thoughts and to plan the body of your essay before you begin

to write

The Essay Body : Outlining

Example the body outlining

Show relationship between your first paragraph and second paragraph and so on.

Transition Signals

Transition Signals Between Paragraph

A single wordA phraseA clause

Example transition signal

The Writing Process

Writing and Revising An Essay

The writer's changes to the first draft

You brainstorm for ideas, make an outline and write several drafts until you have produced a final copy that you can be proud of

After writing the first draft :The writer edits it for organization and content.Delete several unnecessary sentences and words.The writer divides the long paragraphs into two paragraphs.Adds an example and adds more details of the essay.In the concluding paragraph, writer makes a note to himself to adds a final comment. Write the introductory paragraph.

The writer's changes to the second drafts

Writer corrects punctuation, capitalization, spelling and other errors in mechanics as well as changing some vocabulary words.

Writer corrects the grammar and improves the sentence structure If the writer is completely satisfied with the second drafts, he is

ready to make the final copy.

Patterns of Essay Organization

Four Common patterns of essay organization in English are :

Chronological order

Logical division of ideas

Cause and effect order

Comparison and contrast order

Chronological Order

One of its primary uses is to explain processes such as how to play a game.Chronological order signal words:

Is order by time Is the order in which

the events occurred, from first to last

Chronological order

first third Next thenFinally eventually following this

Is a form of essay organization that is used to group related items according to some quality they have in common.Logical Division of Ideas signal words :

Logical Division of Ideas

Help to devide a broad subject into several

categories or groups and in that way focus the topic for discussion

Central principalChief majorMain keyPrimary significant…finallyLastly finishing withleast... Ending with

Discuss the reasons or cause for something, and then you discuss the resultCause and effect signal words:

Cause and Effect Order

2 main ways to organize a cause and effect essay :Block Organization1.Discuss all of the cause as a block2.Then discuss all effects together as a block#There is often a short paragraph that separates the “cause” part from the “effects” part. This called a transition paragraph

Chain Organization1.Discuss a first cause and its effect, a second cause an its effect and so on.2.Discussion of each new cause and its effect begin with a new paragraph3.All the paragraphs are linked in a “chain”#Usually, each new cause is the result of the preceding effect

Because for this reasondue to on account ofif this then this…as a resultSince consequentlycause Therefore thusin effect resultingand the outcome is...

The material is organized to emphasize the similarities and/or differences between two or more items or topics

Comparison and contrast signal words:

Comparison and Contrast Order

Comparison means:what things have in commonhow items or concepts are a likethe similarities between elements or ideas

Contrast means:the differences between items or conceptshow things are not alikedistinctions between elements

Similarly, like, the same as, compared to, in the same way, likewise…but, yet, on the other hand, however, instead, nevertheless, on the contrary...

THANK YOU