Write down everything you know about

Genetics and DNA.

DNA & RNA

How do DNA and RNA control the structure and function of cells and of entire organisms?

3Why don’t you look exactly like your parents?1

How are traits passed to the next generation?

2

To store genetic information that will eventually be translated into a protein.

Ribonucleic Acid(RNA) Single Stranded Deoxyribonucleic Acid

(DNA) Double Stranded

Types of Nucleic Acids

Main Goal:Click to reveal

A Preview of DNA

A nucleotide is the building block of DNA.

What is a Nucleotide?Click to reveal

3 Parts of a nucleotide• Nitrogen Base

• 5 Carbon sugar (deoxyribose/ribose) • Phosphate group

There are 4 nitrogen bases making up 4 different nucleotides.

PurinesAdenine

Guanine

Pyrimidines

Thymine

Cytosine

Nucleotides

Contributors to the Discovery of DNA

Rosalind Franklin is a scientist who never truly received the credit she deserved in the Discovery of DNA. She was the first to use X-Ray diffraction to

produce an image of a DNA molecule.

Erwin Chargoff created Chargoff's Rules: DNA will have an equal number of guanines and cytosines because they bond together, as is true of Adenine and Thymine. This led to

his suggestion that nitrogen bases paired "Complimentary" to one another. 

Watson and Crick are the famous due who won the Nobel Prize in 1962 for putting together all of the data

collected to show the final structure of DNA-a Double Helix.

Chargaff discovered that DNA contains the same amount of

adenosine as thymine

...and the same amount of cytosine and guanine.

c GGGc c

More on Chargaff's Rules

What does this imply about the nitrogen

bases and how they

bond?

Click to reveal

Called a Double Helix.DNA is like a twisted ladder…

The sides are the alternating sugar and

phosphate groups.

The rungs are the nitrogen bases.

Where A always forms a Double bond with T

And G always forms a Triple Bond with C

Click the image below to have an interactive view into DNA

The relationship of DNA, Genes and Chromosomes

RNA compared to DNA

What is RNA?

DNA must have a helper molecule. Sugar

RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid, and its sugar is Ribose

Sugar

RNA is single stranded. Sugar

RNA uses Uracil (U) instead of the base Thymine (T) Sugar

nitrogen base

nitrogen base

Pull the sugar molecules to complete the RNA nucleotide.

When nitrogen bases pair together it is called Complimentary Base Pairing.

Complimentary Base PairingClick to reveal

TACCGCTACCAT

ATGGCGATGGTA

AUGGCGAUGGUA

TACCGCTACCAT

TACCGCTACCAT

What will the complimentary

strand of DNA be?

DNA Sample Strand What will the

complimentary strand of RNA be?

What differences and similarities have you discovered about RNA and DNA?

Compare and Contrast them in the Venn diagram below:

RNADNA

1. Another name for Ribonucleic Acid: ____________ (RNA)

2. Another name for Deoxyribonucleic Acid is __________ (DNA)

3. In DNA Adenine always pairs with ________? Thymine

4. In both DNA and RNA Guanine always pairs with ________? Cytosine

5. In RNA Adenine pairs with __________? Uracil

Check Your Understanding

1. Another name for Ribonucleic Acid: ____________ (RNA)

2. Another name for Deoxyribonucleic Acid is __________ (DNA)

3. In DNA Adenine always pairs with ________? Thymine

4. In both DNA and RNA Guanine always pairs with ________? Cytosine

5. In RNA Adenine pairs with __________? Uracil

Check Your Understanding

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