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WORLDVIEW OVERVIEW

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Page 1: WORLDVIEW OVERVIEW. CHRISTIANITY Summation Statement: Christianity is a theistic worldview centered on the person of Jesus Christ that derives its understanding

WORLD

VIEW

OVERVIEW

Page 2: WORLDVIEW OVERVIEW. CHRISTIANITY Summation Statement: Christianity is a theistic worldview centered on the person of Jesus Christ that derives its understanding

CHRISTIANITY

Summation Statement: Christianity is a theistic worldview centered on the person of Jesus Christ that derives its understanding of the world through the teachings of the Bible.

The Christian Meta-Narrative: Creation and the Pre-Fallen World The Fall and Its Consequences The Jesus-Centered Response of God The Present Mission of All Disciples The Eternal Realm

The Big Story

Page 3: WORLDVIEW OVERVIEW. CHRISTIANITY Summation Statement: Christianity is a theistic worldview centered on the person of Jesus Christ that derives its understanding

CHRISTIANITY

The Sources of Knowledge about God:

General Revelation & Special Revelation

Page 4: WORLDVIEW OVERVIEW. CHRISTIANITY Summation Statement: Christianity is a theistic worldview centered on the person of Jesus Christ that derives its understanding

ISLAM Summation Statement: A theistic worldview centered on the prophet

Muhammed that derives its understanding of the world through the teachings of the Quran, Hadith, and Sunnah.

Muslims vs. Islamists Muslims

Culturally born into Muslim Identify with the Islamic culture and try to obey expectations Take Islam seriously … but can also get along with non-Muslims

Islamists Fundamentalists who believe in the literal application of the teaching of

Muhammed and the full application of Shariah Law

Shariah and Jihad

Shariah Law – is based on the Qur’an and the Sunnah; it is the moral and legal code that governs the lives of Muslims. Shariah addresses a wide variety of subjects such as diet, hygiene, prayer, contracts, business, crime, and punishment.

Jihad – this comes from the Arabic Word “struggle.” It is both the inner spiritual battle of every Muslim to fulfill his religious duties and the outer physical struggle against the enemies of Islam.

Page 5: WORLDVIEW OVERVIEW. CHRISTIANITY Summation Statement: Christianity is a theistic worldview centered on the person of Jesus Christ that derives its understanding

ISLAM History of Islam:

Islam – means submission

Ummah – (Arabic = nation) the collective community around the world.

Founder = Mohammed was born in AD 570 in Mecca (modern day Saudi Arabia); the city of Mecca was characterized by polytheism. Around the age of 40, Mohammad was severly troubled by a series of visions; initially, he thought these were demonic. One of his wives, Khadija, persuaded him to think that they were from God.

AD 610 - Muhammad claimed to have been visited by the angel Gabriel and commissioned to be a prophet of God. He spent the 23 years transmitting this message into the Quran. Muhammad died in AD 632.

Early 7th Century – Mecca was a trading center and contained the Kaba (a large, boxlike building), which contained 360 tribal deities. Muhammed had a clash with the Meccan leaders, and he fled to Median (Hij ra); this event begins the Muslim era and the Islamic Calendar.

Muhammad eventually made a treaty with Meccan leaders – which allowed him to enter the city. However, on Jan 11, 629, Muhammad and about 10,000 warrior captured Mecca and cleansed the Kaba. Today, Mecca is Islam’s most holy place.

Teddy Roosevelt (1916) – “Wherever the Mohammedans have had a complete sway, wherever the Christians have been unable to resist them by the sword, Christianity has ultimately disappeared.”

Muhammad died in AD 632 – Eventually his son-in-law took power and was murdered. This is the root between the Sunni Muslims (80%) and the Shiite Muslims. Sunnis believer that successors (Caliphs) should be selected by popular vote. Shiite Muslims believe the successor should be from the bloodline of Muhammad, a family member, or a descendent.

Page 6: WORLDVIEW OVERVIEW. CHRISTIANITY Summation Statement: Christianity is a theistic worldview centered on the person of Jesus Christ that derives its understanding

ISLAM Islamic Message:

“Allah” is the generic word for God, not the name of God. Arab-speaking Christians also use the word Allah to refer to God.

God is transcendent, all-powerful, and sovereign. God does not share his attributes; therefore, humans are not made in the Imago Dei.

Islam denies the Trinity, and deems it to be shirk (the sin of polytheism). “They do blaspheme who say ‘God is one of three in a Trinity,’ for there is no god

except One God. If they desist not from their word (blasphemy), verily a grievous penalty will befall the blasphemers among them” (Quran 5:75-76).

God communicated his will to humanity via 25 prophets (including Adam, Moses, Jesus, etc.). Islam is the fulfillment of Judaism and Christianity. The OT and the NT have been corrupted.

Jesus was a prophet; however, he was not divine, and he did not die on a cross.

According to the Quran, a person’s good deeds will be weighed to determine whether or not he makes it to heaven. There is not assurance of salvation in Islam, except for playing the role of a martyr – jihad.

Five Pillars of Islam: Confession (“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet), prayer (5X a day facing Mecca), fasting (Ramadan), 2.5% giving, and Pilgrimage (to Mecca).

Sources for Islam

Quran

Hadith - The oral history of Muhammad’s teachings, rulings, and actions.

Page 7: WORLDVIEW OVERVIEW. CHRISTIANITY Summation Statement: Christianity is a theistic worldview centered on the person of Jesus Christ that derives its understanding

SECULAR HUMANISM Summation Statement: An atheistic and materialistic worldview that

advocates for a public society free from the influence of religion.

The Secular Narrative:

- Secularism comes from the word Saeculum. This Latin phrase means “span of time.” Secularists are concerned with the present, not the eternal.

- All public spheres should be based upon materialism – the idea that only the material world exists.

The History of Secularism:

- Enlightenment – Epistemological Switch

- Early Deists in American History – Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin

- Secular Humanism – God does not exist; Mankind is the ultimate norm by which truth and values are to be determined.

Page 8: WORLDVIEW OVERVIEW. CHRISTIANITY Summation Statement: Christianity is a theistic worldview centered on the person of Jesus Christ that derives its understanding

SECULAR HUMANISM The Rise of Secularism:

- In the 1930’s a group of atheist and agnostic professors, including University of Michigan professors Roy Wood Sellars and John Dewey, widely considered to be the father of the American public education, wrote and signed a document called the Humanist Manifesto.

- 1973 – Humanist Manifest II

- 2000 – Planetary Humanism

The Claims of Secularism:

- Mankind = the standard by which truth and values are to be determined.

- Embraces macro-evolution, naturalism, human reason, and secular theories of ethics.

- Empiricism is true; Supernatural theories should be rejected. - “It is not that God is being relegated to a remote region. It is not that God has

become a bodiless abstraction (a sexless It). It is the realization that there is no God left to which to relate. Without God, what is left? Man and the Universe. That should be enough. That has to be enough because that is all there is.” - Peter Angeles

The Humanist Ethic

Page 9: WORLDVIEW OVERVIEW. CHRISTIANITY Summation Statement: Christianity is a theistic worldview centered on the person of Jesus Christ that derives its understanding

SECULAR HUMANISM Influence:

- Pew Research- 18-29: 1/3 claim no religious affiliation (“nones”). - David Niose, President of the American Humanist Association, believes

that 12-18% of “nones” are secularists.

- University and College Campuses - Secularism is a very prominent worldview among college professors in

non-religious colleges and universities. - Miles Kimball – “Science drives out the Superstition Hypothesis” which

says, “If religion reflects primarily ignorance, irrational fear, and superstition, then increased education could reduce religiosity by reducing ignorance and inculcating science.”