world religions a brief history

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World Religions A Brief History

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World Religions A Brief History. Judaism. About 14 million adherents Ethnic / Monotheistic Founder: Abraham Hearth: Middle East 1 st Monotheistic religion. Judaism. ABRAHAM SARAH HAGAR IsaacIshmael Judeo-Christian Islamic. Judaism – Basic Beliefs. One God - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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World Religions

A Brief

History

Judaism• About 14 million adherents

• Ethnic / Monotheistic

• Founder: Abraham

• Hearth: Middle East

• 1st Monotheistic religion

JudaismABRAHAM

SARAH HAGAR

Isaac Ishmael

Judeo-Christian Islamic

Judaism – Basic Beliefs

• One God• God’s “Chosen” people• Do not recognize Jesus as the

messiah• VERY tied to the land - Israel

Judaism - Divisions

• Hasidic Jews- Ultra Orthodox

Christianity• 2 billion adherents – largest • Universalizing/Monotheistic• Founder: Jesus• Hearth: Palestine

- Jesus was born in Palestine during the height of the Roman Empire.

Christianity - Basics

• One God• Jesus is the messiah – son of

God.• Jesus died for the sins of all

people.

Christianity - Divisions

• During the Middle Ages - THE GREAT SCHISM

• Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox split

• Disagreed over using icons (images of God-Jesus-Saints)

Christianity - Divisions

• During the Renaissance – THE REFORMATION

• Some felt the Church was corrupt and abusing its power.

• Martin Luther – German monk• Protestant – Broke away from

Rome. • Hundreds of Protestant divisions

(Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist)

Christianity - Divisions

• The Church of England• Same time as Reformation

Church of England

Islam• 1.3 billion adherents – second• Universalizing/Monotheistic• Founder: Muhammad• Hearth: Mecca (Modern day

Saudi Arabia)

Islam - Basics• One God (Same God as

Christians and Jews)• 5 pillars

- Only one God (Allah) and Muhammad is his prophet.- pray 5 times daily facing Mecca- Giving to the poor- Fasting during Ramadan- Pilgrimage to Mecca

Islam - Divisions• When Muhammad died there

was disagreement over who should succeed him.

• Muslims split into two groups:SUNNI SHIITE (Shi’a)

Caliph Muh. Descendant

Hinduism• 900 million adherents - third• Ethnic/Monotheistic• Founder: No specific • Hearth: Northwestern India

one of the most ancient religions.

Hinduism - Basics

• One God – Brahman• Brahman is “manifest” as

hundreds of different gods. • Goal: To be united with

Brahman at death. • Takes many lifetimes –

reincarnation.

Hinduism - Divisions

• Not really “divisions”• Most Hindu’s ally themselves

with a specific god.

• Vaishnavism – Vishnu

• Sivaism - Shiva

Buddhism• 400 million adherents• Universalizing / non-theistic• Founder: Siddartha Guatama

(the Buddha)• Hearth: Present day Nepal.

North of India.

Buddhism - Basics

• Goal – Achieve enlightenment• 4 Noble Truths

- to live is to endure suffering- suffering is caused by desire- Cure for suffering = end desire (Nirvana)- Achieve Nirvana by following the eightfold path

Buddhism - Basics

• If you reach Nirvana you are freed from the cycle of rebirth.

Buddhism - Divisions

• Followers disagreed on how to interpret the teachings of the Buddha (Siddartha Guatama)

• Mahayana• Theravada• Tantrayana• Tibetan