world history - course review (history makers)

7/29/2019 World History - COURSE REVIEW (History Makers)

1/10

WORLD HISTORY

Course Review

History Makers of the Ancient World

Ancient Mesopotamia (2350 B.C.E.400 B.C.E.):

1. Sargon (Akkadian Leader who created First Known Empire)2. Hammurabi (Consolidated the first known Written Code of Laws)3. Sennacherib (Assyrian King who destroyed the City of Babylon)4. Ashurbanipal (Assyrian King who developed First Large Modern Library)5. Gilgamesh (Mythological Hero-King of Sumerian LegendEpic Poem)6. Nebuchadnezzar (Chaldean Ruler who restored City of Babylon and

Dedicated the Great Hanging Gardens to his wife)

Ancient Egypt (3200 B.C.E.670 B.C.E.):

1. Narmer (Unified the Upper and Lower Kingdoms of Egypt)2. Hatshepsut (Expanded Egyptian Empire through Peaceful Trade)3. Thutmose III (Warrior King who expanded Empire into Syria & Nubia)4. Ramses II (Defeated the Hittites and Directed building of Abu Simbel)5. Piankhi (Kushite King who conquered Egypt & created Kush Empire)Ancient Israel (1800 B.C.E.900 B.C.E.):

1. Abraham (Patriarch of the Hebrews who led migration from Ur to Canaan)2. Moses (Prophet who led the Hebrews on Exodus from Egypt to Palestine

and Introduced the 10 Commandments)

3. Solomon (Most powerful Hebrew King, created Great Trade Empire, directed buildingof the Great Temple and had his Wisdom Tested by the Queen of Sheba)

Ancient India (560400 B.C.E.):

1. Siddhartha Gautama (Known as Buddha, founder of Buddhism)Ancient Persia (550 B.C.E330 B.C.E.):1. Cyrus I (The Great) (Military Genius who founded the Persian Empire)2. Darius I (Created strong government with Provinces & Satraps)Ancient China (550 B.C.E.200 B.C.E.):

1. Confucius (Philosopher who created ideas of Filial Piety & Bureaucracy)2. Shi Huangdi (Qin Ruler who Unified China and became its First Emperor,

Created Centralized Government & the First Great Wall)3. Laozi (Philosopher credited with development of Daoism in China)History Makers of the Classical World

Classical Greece (750 B.C.E.330 B.C.E.):

1. Homer (Blind Poet who composed Epic Poems:Iliad & Odyssey)2. Pericles (Politician who developed Direct Democracy in Athens)3. Socrates (Philosopher who created the Question and Answer method of Discussion known today at

the Socratic Method)

4. Plato (Philosopher - Student of Socrates who Founded the Academy of Athens)5. Aristotle (Philosopher - Student of Plato and the Teacher of Alexander the Great)6. Phillip II (King of Macedonia who conquered the Greek City-States)7. Alexander (Son of Philip II, Conqueror of the Known World creating the Hellenistic Age)


2/10

WORLD HISTORY

Course Review

History Makers of the Classical World (Cont.)

Classical Rome (500 B.C.E.117 C.E.):

1. Hannibal (Carthaginian General who led an Invasion of Rome)2.

Julius Caesar (Roman Senator and General who became Dictator for Life, Created EconomicReforms for the Poor, Finalized Modern 365 Day Calendar, and Assassinated)

3. Augustus (Restored Empire under him as Supreme Military Commander and Emperor)4. Diocletian (Emperor who Ruled with an Iron Fist, Limited Individual Freedoms, and

Divided Empire into East and West)

5. Constantine (Adopted Christianity and moved Capital to Byzantium)6. Virgil (Roman Poet who wrote Epic Poems:Aeneid)7. Attila the Hun (Powerful Chieftain who led Invasion of the Roman Empire)Classical India (320 B.C.E.500 C.E.):

1. Chandragupta Maurya (Unified Northern India into Bureaucratic Govt.)2. Chandra Gupta I (Expanded the Empire through Conquest)

3. Chandra Gupta II (Influenced the flowering of Indian Civilization by Promoting Peace,

Expanding Trade, Improved Prosperity & Artistic Creativity)

Classical China (200 B.C.E.220 C.E.):

1. Liu Bang (Seized control of China and Founded the Han Dynasty)

History Makers during the Age of Expansion

Byzantine Leaders (500 C.E.1500 C.E.)

1. Justinian (Created an Imperial Capital called Constantinople and a Uniform Code of Laws calledthe Justinian Code)

2. Theodora (Wife of Justinian who rose from Poverty to Great Power as Empress of the Byzantines)Russian Leaders (860 C.E. - 1500 C.E.)

1. King Rurik (Viking chief who united the Rus in Eastern Europe)2. Princess Olga (First Russian Leader to Convert to Christianity)3. Vladimir (Led Conversion of Russia to Eastern Orthodox Christianity)4. Yaroslav the Wise (Increased Empire through Marriage & Trade and

Established first Modern Library in Kiev)

5. Ivan III (Forced Mongols out of Russia and became first Czar/Tsar)Islamic Scholars and Leaders (600 C.E.1500 C.E.):

1. Muhammad (Last Prophet of Islam whos revelations became basis forthe Quran)

2. Ibn Rushd (Muslim Philosopher and Physician who combined AncientGreek and Muslim ideas in search of Truth)3. Ibn Battuta (Muslim Explorer, Geographer and Historian)West African Rulers (1200 C.E.1500 C.E.):

1. Sundiata (First Great Leader of the Empire of Mali)2. Mansa Musa (Great Military Ruler of Mali who adopted Islam, expanded

trade, and created provinces with royal governors)

3. Sunni Ali (Military Leader and Ruler of the Empire of Songhai)


3/10

WORLD HISTORY

Course Review

History Makers during the Age of Expansion (Cont)

Nomads, Explorers and Invaders (1000 C.E.1500 C.E.)

1. Malik Shah (Great Sultan of the Seljuk Turks who promoted cultural diffusion and blending)2. Genghis Khan (Born as Temujin, He Unified the Mongols and Conquered most of Asia)3. Kublai Khan (Great Khan of the Mongols who conquered and ruled China)4. Marco Polo (Venetian Trader and Explorer who worked in the Court of Kubai Khan)History Makers during the Middle Ages

Germanic Kings and Clergy (500 C.E.1500 C.E.)

1. Clovis (Unified the Franks under Christianity)2. Gregory I (Expanded the Power of the Papacy over Kings)3. Charles Martel (Defended Christian Europe from Muslim Invasion)4. Pepin the Short (First Germanic King to be Crowned King by the Grace of God beginning the

European ideas of Divine Rights of Kings)

5. Charlemagne (Greatest Frankish King who expanded the Frankish Kingdom and ChristianityThus creating a Christian Kingdom known as Christendom)

6. Charles the Simple (Influenced the development of Feudalism through an agreement involving theand Rollo granting of Land in exchange for Loyalty and Service)

7. Otto I (the Great) (Greatest ruler of Medieval Germany who established The Holy Roman Empireas a Christian Kingdom)

Leaders of the Crusades (1000 C.E.1500 C.E.)

1. Pope Urban II (Catholic Pope who called for the First Crusade)2. Louis II (King of France & Christian Leader of the Second Crusade)3. Saladin (Kurdish Warrior & Muslim Leader of the Third Crusade)4. Richard I (King of England & Christian Leader of the Third Crusade)Leaders of England and France (1000 C.E.1500 C.E.)1. William the Conqueror (Leader of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066)

2. Henry II (King of England who established and promoted Royal Courts, Justices, Jury

Trials & Common Law)

3. Eleanor of Aquitaine (Became Queen of France and went on the Second Crusade, later Queen ofEngland & mother of both King Richard I and King John of England)

4. King John Lackland (King of England forced to sign Magna Carta in 1215)

5. Philip II (Augustus) (King of France who forced English out of Normandy and created the Third

Estate of the Estates General)

6. Joan of Arc (French Peasant girl who led French Army to victory at Orleans during the

Hundred Years War and was Burned at the Stake for claiming to have beencommanded by God)

7. Edward (Black Prince) (Son of the King of England and Great Military Leader during the Hundred

Years War)

Leaders of Feudal Japan (1100 C.E.1500 C.E.)

1. Yoritomo (First Samurai Leader to be given the title of Shogun or Supreme GeneralOf the Emperors Army)


4/10

WORLD HISTORY

Course Review

History Makers during the Golden Age of Change

Renaissance Men (1300 C.E.1600 C.E.)

(Italians)

1. Leonardo De Vinci (Painter, Sculptor, InventorCreate the Mona Lisa, Last Supper)2. Michelangelo Buonarroti (Painter, Sculptor, ArchitectStatue of David, Sistine Chapel)3. Rafael Sanzio (Painter and ArchitectSchool of Athens, Wedding of the Virgin)4. Donatello de Betto Bardi (Artist, Painter, SculptorBronze Statue of David, St. George Statue)5. Niccolo Machiavelli (Philosopher & WriterFather of Political Thought - The Prince)6. Baldassare Castiglione (Courtier, Diplomat, SoldierThe Courtier)7. Dante Alighieri (Author and PoetThe Divine Comedy)

(Non-Italians)8. William Shakespeare (English Author and PoetRomeo & Juliet, Hamlet, Othello)9. Geoffrey Chaucer (English Author and PoetBook of the Duchess, Canterbury Tales)10. Thomas More (English Philosopher & AuthorUtopia)11. Johann Gutenberg (German InventorPrinting Press and the Gutenberg Bible)12. Jan van Eyck (Flemish PainterThe Madonna of Chancellor Rolin)

Leaders of the Reformation (1400 C.E.1600 C.E.)

1. Martin Luther (German Monk, Wrote the 95 Thesis, Influenced Protestant Reformation)2. John Calvin (Student of Law, Published theInstitutes of the Christian Religion, Believed in

Predestination and Theocratic Governments, Lead Reformation in

Reformation)

3. John Knox (Scottish Preacher who promoted Church Leadership by a group of Elders)4. Ignatius of Loyola (Catholic who Published Spiritual Exercises and formed a Society of Jesus

known as the Jesuits to create Schools, Missions, and Covert people)

5. Henry VIII (King of England who opposed Power of the Pope in England and sparkeda Reformation by creating the Church of England)

6. Elizabeth I (Queen of England who created the Anglican Church to try and reduceConflict in England between Protestants and Catholics)

Islamic Leaders of the Golden Age (1300 C.E.1700 C.E.)

1. Osman / Othman (Ghazis warrior who established the Ottoman Empire and became Sultan)

2. Timur the Lame (Nomadic Leader from Samarkand who Temporarly halted Ottoman Expansion)

3. Mehmed II (Ottoman Sultan who Conquered the Byzantine Capital of Constantinople)

4. Suleyman the Lawgiver (Ottoman Sultan who Expanded the Ottoman Empire north to Russia and

created a Consolidated Code of Laws)

5. Ismail (12 year old warrior leader who created the Safavid Empire and became Shah)

6. Abbas the Great (Safavid ruler who led Empire into Golden Age through Cultural Blending)

7. Babur (11 year old warrior leader who created the Mughal Empire in India)

8. Akbar (Mughal ruler who led Empire into Golden Age through Culutral Blending)

9. Shah Juhan (Mughal ruler who directed the building of the Taj Mahal dedicated to his wife)


5/10

WORLD HISTORY

Course Review

History Makers during the Age of Exploration

Famous Explorers (1400 C.E.1800 C.E.)

1. Prince Henry of Portugal (Developed the Navigation School to Promote Exploration)

2. Bartolomeu Diaz (First Portuguese Explorer to sail around the tip of Africa)3. Vasco da Gama (First Portuguese Explorer to reach Calicut in India)4. Zheng He (Chinese Muslim Admiral who led Seven Voyages to India, Africa, and Arabia

with a fleet of 300 ships)

5. Christopher Columbus (Discovered the Caribbean Islands while trying to find a western route to India)

6. Hernando Cortez (Spanish Conquistador who conquered the Aztecs)

7. Francisco Pizarro (Spanish Conquistador who conquered the Incas)

Native America Leaders (1500 C.E.1600 C.E.)

1. Montezuma II (Aztec Emperor who was defeated by the Spanish under Hernando Cortez)2. Atahualpa (Incan Ruler who Captured and Killed by the Spanish under Francisco Pizarro)

History Makers during the Age of RevolutionAbsolute Monarchs (1500 C.E.1800 C.E.)

1. Philip II (Absolute ruler of Spain, Defender of Catholicism, Patron of Art & Literature)2. Cardinal Richelieu (Minister of France who controlled the country during Reign of Louis XIII)

3. Louis XIV (Absolute ruler of France, Limited power of the Nobles, Patron of the Arts,

Reformed economy, Modernized Military, and Fought Numerous Wars)

4. Frederick the Great (Absolute ruler of Prussia, Aggressive in Foreign Affairs, Patron of the Arts,

Modernized Military, Opposed the rule of Austria by Queen Maria Theresa)

5. Peter the Great (Absolute ruler of Russia, Adopted a policy of Westernization, Limited power

of Nobles, Modernized Military, Patron of the Arts and Architecture)

Key Leaders in England (1600 C.E.1700 C.E.)

1. Charles I of England (First European Monarch to be Tried and Executed Publically for Treason)

2. Oliver Cromwell (Parliamentary Leader of the Puritans during the English Civil War who became

Englands first ruling Prime Minister)3. Charles II of England (Restored to the Throne by Parliament to preserve the power and tradition of

Englands government)

4. James II of England (English King who was overthrown during the Glorious Revolution)5. William and Mary (Duke and Duchess of Orange in the Netherlands who led the Glorious

Revolution, King & Queen of England who signed the English Bill of Rights)

Intellectuals of the Scientific Revolution (1550 C.E. 1800 C.E.)

1. Nicolaus Copernicus (Polish Astronomer who developed the Heliocentric Theory of the Universe)

2. Galileo Galilei (Italian Scientist who was Excommunicated by the Catholic Church for

publically supporting the Heliocentric Theory)

3. Francis Bacon (English Statesman and Writer who promoted the Scientific Method of study)

4. Rene Descartes (French Mathematician who promoted the Scientific Method of research)

5. Isaac Newton (English Scientist who combined the studies of Copernicus and Galileo to create

A SingleTheory of Motion and a Theory of Gravity)

6. Zacharias Janssen (Dutch Eyeglass Maker who invented the first Microscope)

7. Evangelista Torricelli (Italian student of Galileo who developed the first Mercury Barometer)

8. Gabriel Fahrenheit (German Physicist who made the first Mercury Thermometer)


6/10

WORLD HISTORY

Course Review

History Makers during the Age of Revolution (Cont.)

Intellectuals of the Enlightenment (1600 C.E.1800 C.E.)

1. Thomas Hobbes (English Political Thinker who promoted the idea of a Social Contract wherethe People Create their Government)

2. John Locke (English Political Thinker who promoted the ideas that All People are Born

Free and Equal, with Three Natural Rights Life, Liberty, Property)

3. Voltaire (French Philosopher who promoted the idea of Tolerance & Freedom of Speech)

4. Montesquieu (French Philosopher who promoted the ideas of Checks and Balances and

Separation of Powers)5. Jean Jacques Rousseau (Swiss Philosopher who promoted the idea that Governments should be

controlled by the General Will of the People)

6. Cesare B. Beccaria (Italian Philosopher who promoted the ideas that Punishment Should Fit the

Crime and Justice Should-not be Delayed)7. Mary Wollstonecraft (Strong advocate of Womens Rights and Education for Women)

Leaders of France (1789 C.E.1815 C.E.)

1. Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette (Absolute Monarchs of France responsible for increasing Frances debtand blamed for heightened poverty, Tried and Executed for Treason)

2. Maximilien Robespierre (Jacobin Leader who took control of France as a virtual dictator and

caused the Reign of Terror through excessive use of the Guillotine)

3. Napoleon Bonaparte (French Officer who became known as Savior of the French Republic

and later rose to become Dictator of the French Empire. Create a

comprehensive code of laws called the Napoleonic Code. Was

defeated at the Battle of Waterloo and Exiled to Island of St. Helena)

Leaders of Latin America (1789 C.E.1822 C.E.)

1. Toussaint LOuverture (Revolutionary Leader of the Haitian Revolution)

2. Simon Bolivar (Revolutionary Creole General from Venezuela who joined forces with SanMartin to Liberate South America from Spain)

3. Jose de San Martin (Revolutionary Creole General from Argentina who joined forces with Bolivar

to Liberate South America from Spain)

4. Padre Miguel Hidalgo (Revolutionary Mestizo Leader who led people of Mexico during Revolution)

5. Padre Jose Maria Morelos (Revolutionary Mestizo Leader who continued to lead the people of Mexico

during the Revolution after Hildago was defeated)6. John VI of Portugal (King of Portugal who granted Brazil IndependenceBloodless Revolution)

Nationalist Leaders of Europe (1815 C.E.1881 C.E.)

1. Louis-Napoleon (President and Emperor of Frances Third Republic who reformed the country)2. Alexander II (Tsar of Russia who reform the government and signed the Emancipation of the

Sefs. Assassinated by Terrorists)

3. Camillo di Cavour (Italian Prime Minister who led Revolution for Italian Unification)4. Giuseppe Garibaldi (Italian Military Leader of the Revolutionary Red Shirts who fought during

the Revolution for Italian Unification)5. Otto von Bismark (Prussian Statesman and Naval Officer who led Revolution for German

Unification and became first Prime Minister of Unified Germany)

6. William I of Prussia (King of Prussia who was crowned the first Kaiser of Unified Germany)


7/10

WORLD HISTORY

Course Review

History Makers during the Industrial Revolution

Leaders of the Industrial Age (1700 C.E.1914 C.E.)

1. John Kay (Inventor of the Flying Shuttle that sped up the Weaving Process in the Textile Industry)2. Eli Whitney (U.S. Inventor of the Cotton Gin that sped up the process for Harvesting Cotton)3. James Watt (Scottish Inventor of the Modern Steam Engine used for Railroad and Shipping)

4. Richard Trevithick (English Inventor of the First Steam-Driven Locomotive for Railroads)

5. Adam Smith (Scottish Economist who developed the Three Natural Laws of Economics)

6. Karl Marx (German Journalist who introduced the world to a Radical Form of Socialism

known as Communism when he published The Communist Manifesto)

7. Jane Addams (Female leader who promoted womens rights and reforms in the work place)

8. Thomas Edison (U.S. Inventor of the Light-bulb and Phonograph)

9. Alexander Graham Bell (U.S. Inventor of the Telephone)

10. Henry Ford (U.S. Auto Maker who revolutionized the Assembly Line for mass production)

History Makers during the Age of Imperialism

Leaders of Democratic Reforms and Expansion (1800 C.E.1914 C.E.)

1. Thomas Jefferson (U.S. President who signed the Louisiana Purchase with France)

2. Abraham Lincoln (U.S. President who signed the Emancipation Proclamation to Abolish Slavery)

3. Emmeline Parkhurst (Female leader who formed Englands Womens Social and Political Union)

4. Theodor Herzl (Austrian Jewish Writer who started the Zionist Movement to create a

Homeland for the Jews in Palestine)5. Charles Darwin (English Naturalist who developed the idea of Natural Selection and

Survival of the Fittest known as the Theory of Evolution)

6. David Livingstone (Scottish Missionary and Explorer who was the first European to travel across

Central Africa from East to West)7. Henry Morton Stanley (Newspaperman and Explorer who search for Livingstone and Signed Treaties

With the Congo for the King of Belgium)

8. King Leopold II (King of Belgium who claimed the region of the Congo for Belgium)

9. Cecil Rhodes (English Businessman who promoted British Expansion throughout Africa)

10. Matthew Perry (U.S. Naval Commodore who persuaded Japan to Open Trade to the U.S.)

11. James Monroe (U.S. President who Declared the Americas Off Limits to further Colonization

by presenting the Monroe Doctrine)

12. Theodore Roosevelt (Colonel of the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War and U.S.

President responsible for U.S. Involvement in the Panama Canal Zone)

Native Leaders who Opposed Expansion (1800 C.E.1914 C.E.)

1. Shaka & Cetshwayo (Zulu Rulers who led Zulu Nation against the British & Dutch in South Africa)

2. Menelik II (Emperor of Ethiopia who successfully opposed European Expanision)

3. Emilio Aguinaldo (Filipino Nationalist who led Philippine Insurrection against the United States)

4. Queen Liliuokalani (Hawaiian ruler who opposed the Annexation of Hawaii by the United States)

5. Dowager Empress Cixi (Chinese Empress who granted Spheres of Influence to Westerners in China)

6. Mutsuhito (Meiji Emperor who Modernized Japan in order to deal with Westernization)

Leaders of Mexico (1800 C.E.1914 C.E.)

1. Santa Anna (Military Leader and Dictator of Mexico during the War for Mexican

Independence and the War for Texas Independence)

2. Benito Juarez (Liberal Leader of MexicosLa Reforma and First Elected President of Mexico)

3. Francisco Madero (U.S. Educated Revolutionary Leader of Mexico who promoted Democracy)

4. Francisco Pancho Villa (Popular Mexican Revolutionary who used Robin Hood tactics)5. Emiliano Zapata (Popular Mexican Revolutionary who promoted land reform: Land & Liberty)


8/10

WORLD HISTORY

Course Review

History Makers during the World at War

Leaders of World War One (19141918)

1. Kaiser Wilhelm II (German ruler who formed the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary & Italy)2. Alfred Graf von Schlieffen (German General who created Plan to Invade France and Russia)3. Woodrow Wilson (U.S. President who developed the Fourteen Points for lasting peace after war)

4. Georges Clemenceau (French Politician determined to make Germany Pay for destruction of the war)

Leaders of the Russian Revolution (19171930)

1. Vladimir Lenin (Russian activist influenced by Marxism, Led the radical Bolsheviks to Revolt)

2. Joseph Stalin (General Secretary of the Communist Party who built Russia into a Totalitarian

State)

New Leaders of Asia (19121940)

1. Sun Yixian (Leader of Chinas Nationalist Party Kuomintang who became the First President)

2. Mao Zedong (Leader of Chinas Communist Party during Chinese Civil War)

3. Jiang Jieshi / Chiang Kai-shek (Military Commander and Leader of the Kuomintang during Civil War)4. Mohandas K. Gandhi (Leader of Indias Peaceful Resistance to gain Independence)

5. Mustafa Kemal (Military Commander and President of the New Republic of Turkey)

Leaders of World War Two (19381945)

1. Franklin D. Roosevelt (U.S. President who led the United States out of Depression with New Deal

and Declared War on Japan following the Attack on Pearl Harbor)

2. Benito Mussolini (Italian Politician who founded the Fascist Party and became Leader of Italty)

3. Adolf Hitler (WWI Veteran and Member ofthe Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party

Nazis who became Chancellor of Germany and master-mind of the Final

Solution against the Jews, which led to the Holocaust)4. Juan Peron (Argentinean President and Military Dictator who ruled in a Fascist manner)5. Francisco Franco (Spanish General who adopted Fascist-styled government during Civil War)

6. Charles de Gaulle (French General who set up a government-in-exile in London and led FrenchForces during D-Day Invasion of Normandy and Liberation of France)

7. Winston Churchill (British Prime Minister)

8. Erwin Rommel (German General who led the Afrika Corps to victory in North Africa and was

Responsible for the defense of Normandy during the D-Day Invasions)

9. Isoroku Yamamoto (Admiral and Commander of Japanese Forces during Attack on Pearl Harbor)

10. Douglas MacArthur (U.S. General and Commander of Forces in the Pacific who promised troops

in the Philippines I Shall Return and used Island Hopping strategy against

the Japanese)11. Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. General who was the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe and overall

Commander of the Invasion Forces during the D-Day Invasion of Normandy)

12. Emperor Hirohito (Emperor of Japan during WWII)

13. Harry S. Truman (U.S. President who approved the use of the Atomic Bomb against Japan)

Leaders of Post-WWII (19451950)

1. Harry S. Truman (U.S. President and member of the Big Three during Peace Treaty and created

the Truman Doctrine to help Democratic Countries to Rebuild)

2. Winston Churchill (British Prime Minister and member of the Big Three during Peace Treaty)

3. Joseph Stalin (Communist Leader of the Soviet Union and one of the Big Three)

4. Mao Zedong (Communist Leader of the new Peoples Republic of China)5. George C. Marshall (Former General of the Army and Secretary of State who developed the

Marshall Plan to help Rebuilt Europe after the war)


9/10

WORLD HISTORY

Course Review

History Makers during the Modern World

Leaders of the Cold War (1945Present)

1. Douglas Macarthur (U.S. General of United Nations Forces during the Korean War)2. Ho Chi Minh (Vietnamese Nationalist Leader of the Viet Minh during the Vietnam War)3. Fidel Castro (Nationalist Leader of the Cuban Revolution who became Cubas Communist

Dictator)

4. Daniel Ortega (Revolutionary Leader of the Sandinistas during the Civil War in Nicaragua)

5. Ayatollah Khomeini (Muslim Religious Leader of Iran who led the overthrow of the U.S. backed

Shah to rid Iran of Western Influences that threatened Arab/Muslim way of life)

6. Nikita Khrushchev (Soviet Leader who initiated Destalinization to rid the Soviet Union of the

Influences of Stalins policies)

7. Leonid Brezhnev (Soviet Leader who caused the Soviet-Chinese Split and coordinated the

Installation of Missiles in Cuba)

8. John F. Kennedy (U.S. President who challenged the Soviet installation of Missiles in Cuba and

Led the world to the Brink of Nuclear War during the Cuban Missile Crisis)9. Lyndon B. Johnson (U.S. President responsible for Increasing U.S. Combat Operations in Vietnam

and escalating the war)

10. Richard M. Nixon (U.S. President who adopted a policy of Dtente to reduce Cold War tensionswith the Soviet Union, first President to Visit Communist China, and removedU.S. troops from Vietnam to bring an end to the war)

11. Ronald Reagan (U.S. President who increased tension between the U.S. and Soviet Union by

Supporting conflicts in Iran, Afghanistan, and Nicaragua and promoting a new

Strategic Defense Initiative called Star Wars)

12. Mikhail Gorbachev (Soviet Leader who opened the Soviet Union to outside Influences through

reforms known as Glasnost, Perestroika, and Democratization)

13. Boris Yeltsin (Soviet Leader who reformed Russias Economy by an abrupt shift to FreeMarket Economy known as Shock Therapy)

14. Lech Walesa (Polish Union Leader who led the anti-communist Solidarity movement to

gain Polish Independence)

15. Deng Xiaoping (Communist Chinese Leader who tried to reform China by adopting a set of

goals known as the Four Modernizations and then cracked down on StudentProtestors in Tianamen Square using Military Troops and Tanks)

16. Jiang Zemin (Communist Chinese Leader who reformed China b y adopting a Free Market

Economy)

Leaders of Independence Movements (1945Present)

1. Nelson Mandela (Leader of the African National Congress, Imprisoned for 27 Years for opposing

Apartheid, Elected the First African President of South Africa, Awarded theNobel Peace Prize)

2. F. W. de Klerk (President of South Africa who pardoned Nelson Mandela and Awarded the

Nobel Peace Prize for brining Democracy to South Africa)3. Jawaharlal Nehru (First Prime Minister of India after it gained Independence)

4. Ferdinand Marcos (President of the Philippines who imposed Martial Law and had his opponent,

Benigno Aquino Jr., assassinated)

5. Jomo Kenyatta (Kenyan Nationalist who led Independence Movement of Kenya)

6. Kwame Nkrumah (Leader of Non-violent Protests & Peaceful Independence movement in Ghana)

7. Ahmed Ben Bella (Leader of Algerian National Liberation Front and the First President of Algeria)

8. Mobutu Sese Seko (Army Officer who seized power in the Congo after granted Independence)


10/10

WORLD HISTORY

Course Review

History Makers during the Modern World (Cont.)

Leaders of the Middle East (1945Present)

1. Gamal Abdel Nasser (Became President of Egypt through a Military Coup and responsible forcausing tension between Egypt and Israel resulting into the Suez Crisis)

2. Anwar Sadat (President of Egypt who planned joint attack of Israel that was known as the

Yom Kippur War, Assassinated after signing Peace agreement w/Israel

known as the Camp David Accords)

3. Golda Meir (Israeli Prime Minister who was a survivor of the Holocaust and led Israel

to victory during the Yom Kippur War)

4. Yasir Arafat (Chairman of the Palestinian Liberation Organization who fought for the rights

of an Independent Palestinian State)

5. Yitzhak Rabin (Prime Minister of Israel who was Assassinated after signing Peace agreement

With Yasir Arafat called the Oslo Peace Accords)

6. Saddam Hussein (President of Iraq who caused conflicts with Iran, Kuwait, and Israel, Mass

Murders of Sunni and Kudish citizens, and Opposed U.N. Sanctions untilCaptured, tried and executed by a new Iraqi Government)

7. Osama Bin Laden (Leader of the Terrorist Organization called Al-Qaeda responsible for the 911

Attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon)

world history - course review (history makers)

Documents