wood framed aia of any material of construction or … of any material of construction or any method...

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Wood Framed Renee Strand, P.E. Senior Engineer Wood Framed Tall Walls Senior Engineer iLevel ® by Weyerhaeuser Tall Walls July 2010 NR AIA Course AIA Course AIA Course AIA Course WoodWorks is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of A hit t C ti i Ed ti S t C dit d Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are il bl available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Presentation Objectives Presentation Objectives Tall Wall Applications Presentation Objectives Presentation Objectives Challenges Thermal Performance Thermal Performance Products D i C id ti Design Considerations Framing Details Fire Assemblies Innovative Solutions Wood Framed Tall Wall Applications Wood Framed Tall Wall Applications Wood Framed Tall Wall Applications Wood Framed Tall Wall Applications Residential Construction Foyers Great Rooms

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Page 1: Wood Framed AIA of any material of construction or … of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product

Wood Framed Renee Strand, P.E.Senior EngineerWood Framed

Tall Walls

Senior Engineer iLevel® by Weyerhaeuser Tall Walls

July 2010

yNR

AIA CourseAIA CourseAIA CourseAIA CourseWoodWorks is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of A hit t C ti i Ed ti S t C dit d Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are

il bl available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing p g g gprofessional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentationaddressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Presentation ObjectivesPresentation ObjectivesTall Wall Applications

Presentation ObjectivesPresentation Objectivespp

ChallengesThermal PerformanceThermal PerformanceProductsD i C id tiDesign ConsiderationsFraming DetailsFire AssembliesInnovative Solutions

Wood Framed Tall Wall ApplicationsWood Framed Tall Wall ApplicationsWood Framed Tall Wall ApplicationsWood Framed Tall Wall Applications

Residential ConstructionFoyersGreat Rooms

Page 2: Wood Framed AIA of any material of construction or … of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product

Wood Framed Tall Wall ApplicationsWood Framed Tall Wall ApplicationsWood Framed Tall Wall ApplicationsWood Framed Tall Wall ApplicationsLight-Framed Commercial W d C t tiWood ConstructionSchoolsCh hChurchesRetailMulti-Family

Challenges Associated with Tall WallsChallenges Associated with Tall WallsChallenges Associated with Tall WallsChallenges Associated with Tall WallsLarge OpeningsMaintain in-plane shear pathMaintaining Height to Width Ratio of Shear Walls

O f Pl D fl iOut-of-Plane DeflectionProtect finishes / keep building envelope in tacked

C nstr cti nConstructionHinge pointsConnectionsConnectionsBracing

Quality of materialQuality of material

Large OpeningsLarge OpeningsLarge OpeningsLarge OpeningsIn-Plane Shear TransferMaximum Shear Wall Dimension Ratios – Table 2305.3.4 (2006 IBC)

Wood Structural Panels3 5 1 f h h

h

3.5:1 for other than seismic2:1 for seismic3.5:1 for seismic if allowable

wshear multiplied by 2w/h

Large OpeningsLarge OpeningsLarge OpeningsLarge OpeningsIn-Plane Shear Transfer Pre-fabricated Shear Walls

Allowable In-Plane Shear loadsShear loads

• 550 lbs to 1460 lbs seismic control

• 605 lbs to 2445 lbs wind control

Page 3: Wood Framed AIA of any material of construction or … of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product

OutOut--ofof--Plane Deflection LimitsPlane Deflection LimitsExcessive Deflection

OutOut--ofof--Plane Deflection LimitsPlane Deflection Limits

Walls don’t feel stiffPerformance issues

Moisture intrusionExterior/Interior finish cracks and pops

OutOut--ofof--Plane Deflection LimitsPlane Deflection Limits

IBC Table 1604.3

OutOut--ofof--Plane Deflection LimitsPlane Deflection Limits

Flexible Finishes: H/120 (2009 IBC – H/180)Brittle Finishes: H/240Brittle Finishes: H/240The wind load is permitted to be taken as 0.70 times the “component and cladding” loads for the purpose p g p pof determining deflection limits

IBC Section 2403.3IBC Section 2403.3Mullions: L/175 up to ¾"

2006/2009 IRC Table R301 7 2006/2009 IRC Table R301.7 Plaster/Stucco Surfaces: H/360

ConstructionConstructionConstructionConstructionNot Straight

Bowing, twisting and warpingof solid-sawn lumber

Limited Material Lengthsg“Hinge Point” creates a structural weakness in the wall

ConstructionConstructionConstructionConstruction

WINDWIND

WINDWIND

Page 4: Wood Framed AIA of any material of construction or … of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product

Thermal PerformanceThermal PerformanceThermal PerformanceThermal Performance

Source: The Thermal Performance of Light-Frame Assemblies, Canadian Wood Council

Thermal PerformanceThermal PerformanceThermal PerformanceThermal Performance

Source: The Thermal Performance of Light-Frame Assemblies, Canadian Wood Council

ProductsProductsProductsProducts

Dimension LumberDimension LumberStuds, Headers, Built-up ColumnsS lid S Solid Sawn

2x4 to 2x14 (20ft to 26ft)

Fi J i t dFinger-JointedVertical Stud Use Only (12ft)

2x3 to 2x6

Structural Finger Joint (32ft to 40ft)HRA or Non- HRA

(Heat Resistant Adhesive)( )2x3 to 2x12

ProductsProductsProductsProductsEngineered Lumber ProductsStuds

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL) Glue Laminated Lumber

H d d C l Headers and Columns Structural Composite Lumber (SCL)

LSL LVL Glu Lam Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL)LSL, LVL, Glu-Lam, Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL)

Glue Laminated Lumber

Page 5: Wood Framed AIA of any material of construction or … of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product

ProductsProductsProductsProductsEngineered Lumber Products

Code Evaluation ReportsAC202 – Acceptance Criteria for Wood-Based Studs6 0 Evidence Submitted6.0 Evidence SubmittedEx.: 6.2 Data in accordance with the ICC-ES Acceptance Criteria for Wood-based Studs (AC202), dated June 2009dated June 2009.

Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerationsgg

Combined Loads Vertical Load

Vertical LoadRoof/Snow and dead

L l L dLateral LoadWind load (⊥ to wall plane)Wind and Seismic (// to wall plane) P

ress

ure

( p )

Deflection

orm

Win

d P

Deflection

Uni

fo

n

Vertical Load

Stud or ColumnUniform Wind Pressure

Top View of Wall Header

Design ConsiderationsDesign ConsiderationsDesign ConsiderationsDesign ConsiderationsBuckling Height Limits

Every column has a height limit to prevent bucklingMax height = 50d (d= depth in inches)

1½”: 8’ height limit 1½”: 8’ height limit 3½” (2x4) Max Height: 14’3½” (2x4) Max Height: 14’5½” (2 6) M H i ht 22’5½” (2 6) M H i ht 22’ 6”6”1½ : 8 height limit 1½ : 8 height limit

between blocking…between blocking…5½” (2x6) Max Height: 22’5½” (2x6) Max Height: 22’--6”6”7¼” (2x8) Max Height: 30’7¼” (2x8) Max Height: 30’

Stud or column in a sheathed Stud or column in a sheathedStud or column in a sheathed wall is braced against buckling in this direction.

Stud or column in a sheathed wall is not braced against buckling in this direction.

Design ConsiderationsDesign ConsiderationsDesign ConsiderationsDesign ConsiderationsNational Design Specification (NDS)g p ( )Eqn 15.4-1 0

Eqn 3.7-1

Eqn 15.3-1 – multiple Cp by Kf for built-up q p p y f pcolumns

Page 6: Wood Framed AIA of any material of construction or … of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product

Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerations

NDS t ti

Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerations

NDS notationsCP

c = 0.9 for SCL and GLBc = 0.8 for sawn lumberc 0.8 for sawn lumber

Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerations

NDS t ti

Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerations

NDS notationsCP

FcE = 0.822 Emin′/(le/d)2

E ′ = E[1-1 645COVe](1 03)/1 66 (D-4)Emin E[1-1.645COVe](1.03)/1.66 (D-4)E = Eapparent

COV 0 25 0 095COVe = 0.25 to 0.095Ke = 0.85 to 1.0 to determine le

Design ConsiderationsDesign ConsiderationsAllowable Design Stresses

Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerations

Design Stresses

DF‐L #2 SP #2 ES11  ES12 LSL 24F LVL PSL

Fb psi 900 1250 1350 19501700 to 2360

24002250 to 2950

29002360 2950

E x 106 psi 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.3 to 1.6 1.6 1.5 to 2.0 2.0

Fv psi 95 90 200 200400 to 410

190250 to 290

290

Fc// psi 1350 16001350 to 1550

1700 to 2300

1400 to 2175

16502350 to 3200

2900

Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerations

NDS

Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerations

NDS notationse = eccentricity

1/6 of the wall thickness 1/6 w

w

Page 7: Wood Framed AIA of any material of construction or … of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product

Design ToolsDesign ToolsDesign ToolsDesign Tools Wind LoadsWind LoadsWind LoadsWind Loads

Exposure ‘B’

Exposure ‘C’ Exposure ‘D’

Design ToolsDesign ToolsDesign ToolsDesign Tools Design ToolsDesign ToolsDesign ToolsDesign Tools

Page 8: Wood Framed AIA of any material of construction or … of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product

Framing DetailsFraming DetailsFraming DetailsFraming Details Framing DetailsFraming Details

Bracing?

Framing DetailsFraming Details

Bracing?

Framing DetailsFraming DetailsFraming DetailsFraming Details Framing DetailsFraming DetailsFraming DetailsFraming Details

Page 9: Wood Framed AIA of any material of construction or … of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product

Framing DetailsFraming DetailsFraming DetailsFraming Details Framing DetailsFraming DetailsFraming DetailsFraming Details

Framing DetailsFraming DetailsFraming DetailsFraming DetailsNailinggSpacingLateral and withdrawal values

Dependent on specific gravity of productSpecific gravity varies between face and edge

Hold-downsBolt valuesscrews

FireFireFireFireMultiple Resources for Fire-rated assembliesSolid SawnIBCGypsum Association GA-600-2009 Gypsum Association GA 600 2009 www.gypsum.orgAmerican Wood Council Design for Code gAcceptance 3 www.awc.org

Finger-Jointed StudHRA mark required

Page 10: Wood Framed AIA of any material of construction or … of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product

FireFireFireFireELPCheck manufacturer’s code evaluation report

May be a direct substitute in sawn lumber assembliesMay be reduction to allowable design stressesM d ddi i l i l iMay need additional insulation

FireFireFireFireFire Retardant TreatmentsLSL, LVL, PSL check with the manufacturer

Most don’t allow – voids warranty

Glue-laminated members check with manufacturerNot recommended

LumberAllowed

Design Value Reductions – 0.80 to 0.98Galvanized or stainless steel fasteners – reductions apply – 0.91 to 0.98

Innovative SolutionsInnovative SolutionsInnovative SolutionsInnovative SolutionsTilt-up LSL wall

Innovative Solutions Innovative Solutions I-Joists as wall studs?

Innovative Solutions Innovative Solutions J

AdvantagesReduced capacity for thermal bridgingReduced capacity for thermal bridgingThicker walls / More insulation

DisadvantageDisadvantageNot code evaluatedNon rectangular shapeNon-rectangular shapeSpecial detailing requiredNo load tablesNo load tables

Page 11: Wood Framed AIA of any material of construction or … of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product

Th k YTh k YThank YouThank You