wireless technologies and .11n

Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005

IEEE 802.11 Technologies

Amer Hassan, Architect

[email protected]

2Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005


The Vision – Dream Network

“Pervasive Collaborative Computing”

Faster andMore

Pervasive

MoreSecure

EaseAt Home

MoreDeployable

and Manageable


Video


Wireless Standards

IEEE 802.15.3 UWB, Bluetooth

Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA

WAN

MAN

LAN

PAN ETSI HiperPAN

IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Alliance

ETSI-BRAN HiperLAN2

IEEE 802.16d WiMAX

ETSI HiperMAN & HIPERACCESS

IEEE 802.20IEEE 802.16e

3GPP (GPRS/UMTS)3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000)

GSMA, OMA

SensorsIEEE 802.15.4(Zigbee Alliance)

RFID(AutoID Center)

IEE

E 8

02.2

1, I

EE

E 8

02.1

8 80

2.19

RANIEEE 802.22


1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003 2004

2005

2006

2007

Growing 802.11 Standards

802.11802.11

11a11a

11b11b

11c11c11d11d

11e11e

11g11g11h11h

11i11i11j11j

11k11k

11n11n11ma11ma

11f11f

11u11u.11s, .11v, .11T,.11 r, .11p.11s, .11v, .11T,.11 r, .11p


Wi-Fi Industry Status• Increased interest in cellular/Wi-Fi handsets.

Choice split between .11a or .11g• Price gap for .11g and .11a/g is decreasing

rapidly; .11b only devices on steep decline• Voice over Wi-Fi becoming reality with

technical enhancements - WMM, .11i, .11k, .11r• Security solutions acceptable (WPA2, PEAPv2);

security deployment issues being addressed• Hotspot roaming agreements identified as

critical to carriers & ISPs• Standardization started for 802.11n with 2

strong proposals


What is the situation?Have not Deployed Wi-Fi Have Deployed Wi-FiUnable to justify ROI of a new infrastructure

Justified ROI• Saves on infrastructure & real estate• Improves productivity in manufacture plants• Allows flexible employee work practices

Concerned 802.11 security is not adequate

Compensates for limits of current technology• Regulates access via VPN, looking for WPA2• Deployed secure technology EAP-TLS, .1X

Concerned 802.11 standards unstable (11a, 11b, 11g…)

Deployed what meets current needs• Planning to upgrade to .11a then .11 n

Concerned about managing another network & provisioning users

Agrees management & diagnostic tools lacking• Deployments are tightly controlled• Not a show stopper compared to ROI

Waiting for the benefits to outweigh the risks

Looking forward to making strategic investments• VoIP & video streaming• New customer services & products


Technology

Wi-Fi WiMAX UWB Bluetooth

3GPP/2 RFID Zigbee

LAN for Enterprise

- - - - - -

LAN for Home

- - - - - -

Home multiple A/V distribution

- (audio streaming

)

- - -

Backhauling and last mile

Proprietary

sol’n

- - - - -

Wide Area Mobility

- - - - -

Cable/device Replacement

- - - -

Mesh Networking

Enterp/Home/N

Neighbor-hood Mesh

Home Mesh

- - - -

Sensor Networking

- - - - - -

Inventory Control

- - - -

Auto PC - -

Potential Wi-Fi Scenarios


802.11 n and all that jazz…


What do Home users want?• Range: reliable wireless networking

throughout the home• High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for

high quality audio and video

• Throughput!• HDTV-720 in the US @ 16 Mbps (MPEG2)• HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG2)• Next generation Media Center will support 2

concurrent video streaming, and by .11n ratification 4 concurrent streaming

• For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture, and Internet access, 100Mbps UDP level throughput is easily consumed


Wireless outsold wired home networking gear for the first time in 2004

2.8 2.7 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.7

2.64.6

6.9 911.3 12.3 13.6

0.9

14.3

10.7

12.513.2

9.3

5.4

7.3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Wired Only Wireless Total Purchase

US

Ho

me

Net

wo

rkin

g P

urc

has

es

(in millions)

Source: JupiterResearch Home Networking Model, 8/04 (US Only)


What do service providers need?

• Highest possible consumer satisfaction… consumers will blame the Service Provider

• QoS is primary requirement – video and high throughput (mobile) data sessions

• Management capability to the devices

• Secure mobility support: Handoff & Mesh

• High rate for outdoor to indoor 150m operation


What would make IT Pro excited?

• High return on investment• High level of security• Ease of deployment• Manageability of clients and APs• Diagnosis• Highly available networking


Applications and target markets Transmission characteristics

Application Examples Type Rate Duration/volume

Audio/Video 1 HDTV and DV viewing for commercial & domestics use

Constant (low jitter)

27 Mbps Hours

Audio/Video 2 SDTV viewing for commercial and domestic use

Constant (low jitter)

6 Mbps Hours

Audio/Video 3 Video conferencing with VoIP Constant (low jitter)

2 Mbos < 1 hr

Interactive 1 Interactive gaming, Internet Browsing, Email

Variable 2 Mbps 1 hr

Interactive 2 VoIP, Internet gaming Constant with intervals

.2 MB/s 1 min – 1 hr

Bulk transfer Flash downloads file transfer, media transfer

Variable 30 Mbps 10 MB – 10 GB

General applications set forth by the Wi-Fi Alliance


IEEE 802.11 Initiative: start of .11n

• Develop next generation Wi-Fi capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100Mbps, as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP)

• Modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) are allowed with baseline 802.11 & its amendments to support high throughput

• Evaluation metrics: throughput, range, network capacity, (peak and average power consumption), spectral flexibility, backward compatibility, and coexistence (3 channel models)


Environment Setting

Residential Intra-room, Room to room, Indoor to outdoor, Large multi-family dwelling

Small/medium office Enclosed office, meeting room, classroom, bus, train

Large office Cubes, offices, multistory office space

Large space: indoor/outdoor Hotspots: airport, library, Convention Center, factory, hospital

Channel models


Requirement Description

HT rate supported in 20MHz channel

at least one mode of operation supports 100Mbps throughput at the top of the MAC SAP in a 20 MHz channel

Works in the 5 GHz bands Protocol supports 5GHz bands (including those supported by .11a)

.11a backwards compatibility Some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal should be backwards compatible with .11a

.11g backwards compatibility in 2.4 GHz, some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal should be backwards compatible with .11g

Functional requirements of .11n


Requirement Description

.11e QoS support The proposal must permit implementation of the 802.11e options within a .11n STA

Spectral Efficiency The highest throughput mode of the proposal should achieve a spectral efficiency of at least 3 bps/Hz for the PSDU

Control of support for legacy STA from .11n AP

A .11n AP can be configured to reject or accept associations from legacy STA because they are legacy STA

Functional requirements of .11n (cont)

20Windows Networking and Device Technologies – Microsoft Confidential AmerH January 20, 2005

Link Level Throughput & Range

Range

80

15020

25

Throughput

Business

Infotainment

Services

throughput required in typical hotspot settings


.11 n proposals

• 32 proposals, 4 complete (Sept 04, Nov 04)• TGn Sync• WWISE• Motorola/Mitsubishi• Qualcom

• Down select and merger (Jan 05)• TGn Sync• WWISE

• Further down select (March 05)

Qualcom and Mitsubishi merged with TGn Sync


Roadmap• Activity started in Q4 ‘02• Par/5 Criteria: March ’03• Functional Requirements: Nov ‘03• Usage Models: May ’04• Comparison Criteria: May ‘04• Proposals: Sept ’04• … convergence, plug fests, beta,

…• Ratification: Sept ’06• Wi-Fi Certification: Sept ‘06


Key Points TGn SYNC WWISE

Members Agere, AtherosCisco, Intel, MitsubishiPhilips, SonyToshiba, Qualcom, Nortel, Samsung, Marvel, Panasonic, Tohoku Univ, Nokia, Infocom Research, Sanyo

Broadcom, TI,Airgo Networks,Conexant, Buffalo, Ralink, ETRI, HNS, Realtek, STM, TrellisWare, Winbond Electronics

UDP data rate 200+ Mbps/40 MHz 100+ Mbps/20 MHz

MAC basic technology accommodate both EDCA and HCCA

accommodate both EDCA and HCCA

Packet sizes 0 to 64KB PSDUs 0 to 64KB PSDUs

IEEE 802.11n basics: 2 main proposals (TGn SYNC & WWISE)


Throughput enhancementFeatures TGn Sync WWISEBandwidth (M) 20MHz mode

(M) 40MHz, whenever regulatory domain permits this extension

(M) 20 MHz mode(O) 40 MHz mode

MIMO-OFDM-SDM (M) 2 spatial streams @ 20MHz mode

(M) 2 spatial streams

@ 20MHz mode

Higher code rate (R) (M) R= ½, 2/3, ¾, 7/8 (M) R= ½, 2/3, ¾, 5/6

Regular coding scheme

(M) Convolutional code (M) Convolutional code

Advanced Coding scheme

(O) LDPC (O) LDPC

Space Time Block Code

(N) (O)

(M) Mandatory (O) Optional (N) Not available

25Windows Networking and Device Technologies – Microsoft Confidential AmerH January 20, 2005

Pre

am

ble

+ P

LCP

H

eade

r

A-PSDU

Perform aggregation

Legacy Burst

Pre

am

ble

PLC

P

hea

der

MP

DU

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der

MP

DU

Pay

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d FC S

Pre

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PLC

P

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MP

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d FC S

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d FC S

SIFS SIFS

PSDU1 PSDU2 PSDU3

Preamble + PLCP headers + SIFS will be saved

Both proposals do some form of aggregation

Some overhead will be induced to identify each MPDU


TGn Sync WWiSE

New control frames Y N

New data frame Y N

New mgt frame Y Y

M(P)SDU Aggregation

Y Y

A-MSDU aggregation N Y

Aggregation


Wish list!• Coexistence through Spectrum sharing

• Use of DFS, TPC, LBT, …

• Turbo coding • Low gate count (200K), but IPR• High gate count (800K), but no IPR

• Space-time block coding (Alamouti) • Provides great performance

• Flexible architecture for closed loop• Keep it simple!


Windows Wireless Strategy: Summary

Technology CY04-CY06 Investments

Challenges

WPAN:802.15 (UWB), Bluetooth

•BT PAN module•UWB Strategic exploration

•Few BT PAN products •No IP over UWB spec•WW regulations for UWB

WLAN:802.11

• Security• WPS• Extensibility • Diagnostics• Group Policy

•Fragmented user experience

•Poor penetration in enterprise

•Multiple auth protocols

•Several .11n proposals

WiMAX:802.16

•Strategic exploration•Extensibility

•802.16e roadmap


Call to action – drive best user experience!

• Usability: demand interoperability, and improved UIs for wireless technologies

• Security: demand Standards based security with 802.1X, PEAP & PEAP-SIM, and WPA1&2

• Availability & coexistence: share spectrum with minimum interference

[email protected]


Backup slides: Wi-Fi Alliance and Certification


Wi-Fi Alliance Mission Statement

• Certify the interoperability of products and servicesand services based on IEEE 802.11 technologytechnology

• Grow the global marketGrow the global market for Wi-Fi® CERTIFIED products and services across all market segments, platforms, and platforms, and applicationsapplications


New Certificate & Logo

Certificate inside packaging (optional)

• Logo on product packaging (mandatory)• Helps retailers and consumers


Wi-Fi Alliance Roadmap

Baseline

Security

QoS

Applications

Certification Program Releases

IEEE Standard Releases

Q1 Q2 Q4Q32005

802.11e

WMMScheduled Access

Public Access CEPhase2

2004

Extended EAP

2006

802.11h+d

Simple Config

Voice/Wi-FiWCC

802.11j 802.11k

CEPhase1

WMM Power Save


Worldwide Wi-Fi Semiconductor Revenues by Application, 2003 - 2008 ($M)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Chip Inventory

AccessPoints/Gateways/Bridges

Mobile PC

Desktop PC

Consumer Devices

Mobile Devices

Printers/MFPs

Aftermarket USB

Aftermarket PCI

Aftermarket NIC

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor

Forecast and Analysis, 2004 – 2008.


Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by Standard, 2003 - 2008 ($M)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Dual Band (802.11a+b+g)

802.11a

802.11g

802.11b




WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard*

WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

802.11b

802.11g

802.11a

Dual Band(802.11a+b+g)



*Chart is estimate based on data in IDC Brief


2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in Consumer Devices by Application (n = $611 M)

1.3%10.0%

11.5%

12.1%65.1%

GamingConsoles/Handhelds

Digital TV

DVD Players

DigitalCameras/Camcorders

Compressed Audio Players



wireless technologies and .11n

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