PROJECT REPORT

ON

WIRELESS MULTIMETERIN THE GUIDENCE OF

MRS.V.A.PANDE

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

MR.B.R.CHINCHOLIKAR

SUBMITTED BY

CHAUDARY SANJAY KRISHANCHANDRA

QURAISHI M SHOEB ALIMUDDIN

DOUND SUNIL UDHAV

KATE SAGAR KISAN

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

‘TERNA POLYTECHNIC’

KOPAR KHAIRANE, NAVI MUMBAI

2012-2013

TERNA POLYTECHNIC

KOPAR KHAIRANE, NAVI MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that following report submitted by following student’s of “TYEX” as a part of seminar/project work as prescribe by board of technical education for the subject “WIRELESS MULTIMETER” and that I guided him for the term work from time to time and I founded him to be satisfactorily progressive.And that following student’s were associated with him for this work however his contribution was proportionate.

SR NO NAME ROLL NO ENROLLMENT NO

(1) QURAISHI M SHOEB ALIMUDDIN (A-05) 1000550174

(2) SANJAY KRISHANCHADRA CHAUDARY (A-10) 1000550177

(3) DOUND SUNIL UDHAV (A-11) 1000550148

(4) KATE SAGAR KISAN (A-13) 08424922

And that the term work has been assessed by me and I am satisfied that the same is upto the standard envisaged for the course. And that the term work may be presented to the external examiner.

DATE:

PROJET GUIDE

DATE:

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

PRINCIPAL

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

TERNA POLYTECHNIC

KOPAR KHAIRANE, NAVI MUMBAI

SUBMISSION

We here by declare that student’s of third year of the course “ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING”kindly submit that we have

Complete from time to time the seminar/project work as described In this report by our own skill and between the period from 20th

july 2012 to 25th march 2013 as per the guidance of professor MRS.V.A.PANDE & MR.B.R.CHINCHOLIKAR

And the following student’s wre associated with us for this work however quantum of our contribution has been approved by the teacher.

Name SIGNATURE

QURAISHI M SHOEB ALIMUDDIN (A-05)

SANJAY KRISHANCHADRA CHAUDARY (A-10)

DOUND SUNIL UDHAV(A-11)

KATE SAGAR KISAN (A-13)

Date :

PREFACE:We take an opportunity to present this project report on wireless

multimeter and put before readers some useful information

regarding our project.

We are highly indebted the project guide MRS.V.A.PANDE for his

invaluable guidance and appreciation for giving form and

substance to this report.

We have made sincere attempts and taken every care to present

this matter in precise and compact form, the language being as

simple as possible.

The task of completion of the project though being difficulty was

made quite simple, interesting and successful due to deep

involvement and complete dedication of our group members.

We would also like to express our deep regards and

gratitude to the head of the department MR.B.R

.CHINCHOLIKAR.

INDEX:SR No ITEM PAGE

1Introduction

2Principle of operation

3Block diagram

4Block diagram Explanation

5Circuit diagram

6Working

7Function of active component with specification

8Rating & specification of passive component

9Advantages

10Disadvantage

11Application

12Specification

13List of component

14 Troubleshooting & testing of component

15 layout

16 programming

17 Future development of project

18Bibilography

Introduction

Introduction

In any industrial processes there are several parameters

to be measured and graphing. This measurement and

graphing process is carried out from the main central

control room where all the data from different locations are

acquired.

Data monitoring refers to process of digitizing of analog

signals i.e. converting a continuous waveform in time

series of digital values which represents signal voltage at

that instant.

Data monitoring also means to acquire values of physical

parameters from various remote locations or sensors. This

system can be used to monitor 8 such parameters.

The main objective of the project is to acquire data from

far off locations and from places not accessible to human

beings (e.g. Boiler room) and transmit this data through

serial communication.

Principle of operation

Principle of operation :

This project is fully based on radio frequency(rf).

The technology used here is embedded technology which is the future of today’s modern electronics.

As microcontrollers are the core of the todays

digital circuit design in industry, this system uses

it for the centralized operation and digital

processing.

Block Diagram

Block Diagram:

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM LCD Display

METER SIDE

PC SIDE

Sensor

1 TEMP.

2 Voltage

3 Gas

Microcontroller

89s51

Power Supply

Clock

Reset

ADC

0808

RF

Transmeter

ASK Modulation

Power Supply

RF

Receiver

ASK Modulation

RS 232

Connection

PC

VB 6 Software

Power Supply

Block diagram Explanation

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

1 – TEMPRETURE SENSOR

THERMISTOR

Thermistor symbol

NTC thermistor, bead type, insulated wires

A thermistor is a type of resistor with resistance varying according to its temperature. The word is a

portmanteau of thermal and resistor. Samuel Ruben invented the thermistor in 1930, and was awarded

U.S. Patent No. 2,021,491.Thermistors are widely used as inrush current limiters, temperature sensors,

self-resetting overcurrent protectors, and self-regulating heating elements.

Assuming, as a first-order approximation, that the relationship between resistance and

temperature is linear, then:

ΔR = kΔT

where

ΔR = change in resistance

ΔT = change in temperature

k = first-order temperature coefficient of resistance

Thermistors can be classified into two types depending on the sign of k. If k is positive, the resistance increases with increasing temperature, and the device is called a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor, or posistor. If k is negative, the resistance decreases with increasing temperature, and the device is called a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. Resistors that are not thermistors are designed to have a k as close to zero as possible, so that their resistance remains nearly constant over a wide temperature range.

Thermistors differ from resistance temperature detectors in that the material used in a thermistor is generally a ceramic or polymer, while RTDs use pure metals. The temperature response is also different; RTDs are useful over larger temperature ranges.

2 – VOLTAGE SENSOR

For voltge Measurement we use 230/3-0-3 rating Transformer.

3- GAS DETECTION SENSOR

LPG Gas Sensor - MQ-6

sku: SEN-09405

Description: This is a simple-to-use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor, suitable for sensing LPG (composed of mostly propane and butane) concentrations in the air. The MQ-6 can detect gas concentrations anywhere from 200 to 10000ppm.This sensor has a high sensitivity and fast response time. The sensor's output is an analog resistance. The drive circuit is very simple; all you need to do is power the heater coil with 5V, add a load resistance, and connect the output to an ADC.This sensor comes in a package similar to our MQ-3 alcohol sensor, and can be used with the breakout board below.

Features:

5V DC or AC circuit

Requires heater voltage

Operation Temperature: -10 to 70 degrees C

Heater consumption: less than 750mW

Dimensions:

16.8mm diameter

9.3 mm height without the pins

4 – SPEED SENSOR

DC Techogenerator

TECHNICAL DATA

Tach Generator Construction

Servo-Tek Tach Generators are housed in aluminum

casings protected in accordance with Mil-C-5541 or

Mil-A-8625. Alnico permanent magnets are used.

Armature shafts are stainless steel, and rotate on fully-

shielded stainless steel ball bearings. Commutators

are made from an alloy containing 95% silver.

Armature laminations are wound with Isomid insulated wire, over Teflon slot insulation. The

entire armature is impregnated and baked, resulting in a NEMA Class H insulation system.

5 – IC ADC 0808

ADC0808/ADC0809 of National Semiconductor (8-Bit µP Compatible A/D Converters with 8-

Channel Multiplexer

Description

The ADC0808, ADC0809 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit

analog-to-digital converter, 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic.

The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the conversion technique. The

converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator, a 256R voltage divider with

analog switch tree and a successive approximation register. The 8-channel multiplexer can

directly access any of 8-single-ended analog signals. The device eliminates the need for

external zero and full-scale adjustments. Easy interfacing to microprocessors is provided by the

latched and decoded multiplexer address inputs and latched TTL TRI-STATE® outputs.

The design of the ADC0808, ADC0809 has been optimized by incorporating the most desirable

aspects of several A/D conversion techniques

6 – MICROCONTROLLER 89S51

1. The 89s51 microcontroller

2. The AT89s51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of

Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is

manufactured using Phillips’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible

with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the

program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory

programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Phillips

AT89s51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective

solution to many embedded control applications.

3. The AT89s51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and

supports two Software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while

allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning.

The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other

chip functions until the next Hardware reset.

Pin Diagram of 89s51:

Basic Reset Ckt.

7 – LCD DISPLAY

DISPLAY: Various display device such as seven segment display. LCD display, etc can be interfaced with microcontroller to read the output directly. In our project we use a two line LCD display with 16 characters each. LCD Liquid crystal Display (LCD) displays temperature of the measured element, which is calculated by the microcontroller. CMOS technology makes the device ideal for application in hand held, portable and other battery instruction with low power consumption.

Net Media 2x16 Serial LCD Display Module

9- POWER SUPPLY

There are many types of power supply. Most are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for electronic circuits and other devices. A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function.

For example a 5V regulated supply:

Each of the blocks is described in more detail below:

Transformer - steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC. Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying. Smoothing - smoothes the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple. Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.

Power supplies made from these blocks are described below with a circuit diagram and a graph of their output:

Transformer only Transformer + Rectifier Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing + Regulator

Transformer only

The low voltage AC output is suitable for lamps, heaters and special AC motors. It is not suitable for electronic circuits unless they include a rectifier and a smoothing capacitor.

Transformer + Rectifier

The varying DC output is suitable for lamps, heaters and standard motors. It is not suitable for electronic circuits unless they include a smoothing capacitor.

Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing

The smooth DC output has a small ripple. It is suitable for most electronic circuits. Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing + Regulator

The regulated DC output is very smooth with no ripple. It is suitable for all electronic circuits. The fig. above shows the circuit diagram of the power supply unit. This block mainly consists of a two regulating IC 7805 and a bridge rectified and it provides a regulated supply approximately 5V.The transformer used in this circuit has secondary rating of 7.5V. The main function of the transformer is to step down the AC voltage available from the main. The main connections are given to its primary winding through a switch connected to a phase line. The transformer provides a 7.5V AC output at its secondary terminals and the maximum current that can be drawn form the transformer is 1 Amp which is well above the required level for the circuit.The bridge rectified the AC voltage available from the secondary of the transformer, i.e. the bridge rectifier convert the AC power available into DC power but this DC voltage available is not constant. It is a unidirectional voltage with varying amplitude.

To regulate the voltage from the bridge rectifier, capacitors are connected. Capacitors C1 filter the output voltage of the rectifier but their output is not regulated and hence 7805 is connected which is specially designed for this purpose.Although voltage regulators can be designed using op-amps, it is quicker and easier to use IC voltage regulator. Further more,

IC voltage regulators are available with features such as programmable output current/ voltage boosting, internal short circuit current limiting, thermal shut down and floating operation for high voltage applications.

TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER DESIGN

SM TX – 433 AM / ASK TRANSMITTER MODULE

KEY FEATURES

TWS-434A

The TWS-434 transmitter accepts both linear and digital inputs, can operate from 1.5 to

12 Volts-DC, and makes building a miniature hand-held RF transmitter very easy.  The

TWS-434 is approximately the size of a standard postage stamp.

TWS-434 Pin Diagram

SM RX – 433 RECEIVER MODULE

FEATURES

Miniature Size

Wide Operating Range

Low Power Consumption

Improved Data Transmission

No Alignment Required

No External Components PIN Configuration and Size

Wide Range of Application

Analogue and Digital Output

RWS-434:  The receiver also operates at 433.92MHz, and has a sensitivity of 3uV.  The

RWS-434 receiver operates from 4.5 to 5.5 volts-DC, and has both linear and digital

outputs.

RF TRANSMITTER

ANTENNA DESCRIPTION

The TX4915 is a low power ASK transmitter IC intended for applications in the North American

and European VHF/UHF and ISM bands. The integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO),

phase/frequency detector, prescaler, and reference oscillator require only the addition of an

external crystal to provide a complete phase-locked loop (PLL). In addition to the standard

power-down mode, the chip also includes an automatic lock-detect feature that disables the

transmitter output when the PLL is out-of-lock.

FEATURES

1. Output frequency range: 300 – 960 MHz;

2. Supply voltage range: 2.2 – 3.6 V;

3. Low current consumption with power down capability;

4. On-chip VCO with integrated PLL (÷ 64/128) dual modulus prescaler;

5. Out-of-lock inhibit circuit;

6. SSOP-16 package (0.64 mm pitch).

RF RECEIVER (RX3400 LOW POWER ASK RECEIVER IC)

DESCRIPTION

The RX3400 is a low power ASK receiver IC which is fully compatible with the Mitel KESRX01

IC and is suitable for use in a variety of low power radio applications including remote keyless

entry. The RX3400 is based on a single-conversion, super-heterodyne receiver architecture and

incorporates an entire phase-locked loop (PLL) for precise local oscillator generation.

FEATURES

1. Extremely low power operation;

2. Low external part count;

3. Receiver input frequency: 290 – 460 MHz;

4. On-chip VCO with integrated PLL using crystal oscillator reference;

5. PLL power down feature;

6. Integrated IF and data filters;

7. SSOP-24 package (0.64 mm pitch).

SERIAL COMMUNICATION

MAX 232: The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive

voltage generator to supply TIA/EIA-232-F voltage levels from a single 5-V supply.

Each receiver converts TIA/EIA-232-F inputs to 5-V TTL/CMOS levels. These receivers

have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V, and can accept ±30-

V inputs. Each driver converts TTL/CMOS input levels into TIA/EIA-232-F levels.

MAX 232

FEATURES:

Meets or Exceeds TIA/EIA-232-F and ITU

Recommendation V.28

Operates From a Single 5-V Power Supply

With 1.0-_F Charge-Pump Capacitors

Operates Up To 120 kbit/s

Two Drivers and Two Receivers

30-V Input Levels

Low Supply Current . . . 8 mA Typical

ESD Protection Exceeds JESD 22

- 2000-V Human-Body Model (A114-A)

Upgrade With Improved ESD (15-kV HBM)

and 0.1-_F Charge-Pump Capacitors is

Available With the MAX202

Applications

- TIA/EIA-232-F, Battery-Powered Systems,

Terminals, Modems, and Computers

DESCRIPTION:

The MAX232 was the first IC which in one package contains the

necessary drivers (two) and receivers (also two), to adapt the RS-232 signal

voltage levels to TTL logic. It became popular, because it just needs one

voltage (+5V) and generates the necessary RS-232 voltage levels (approx. -

10V and +10V) internally. This greatly simplified the design of circuitry. The

MAX232 has a successor, the MAX232A. It should be noted that the MAX232

(A) is just a driver/receiver. It does not generate the necessary RS-232

sequence of marks and spaces with the right timing, it does not decode the

RS-232 signal, it does not provide a serial/parallel conversion. All it does is to

convert signal voltage levels. Generating serial data with the right timing and

decoding serial data has to be done by additional circuitry.

The original manufacturer offers a large series of similar ICs, with

different numbers of receivers and drivers, voltages, built-in or external

capacitors, etc. E.g. The MAX232 and MAX232A need external capacitors for

the internal voltage pump, while the MAX233 has these capacitors built-in.

FIGURE 1 - DESIGN OF MAX-232 CIRCUIT

SERIAL COMMUNICATION

Serial communication is a very common protocol for device

communication that is standard on almost every PC. Most computers include

two RS232 based serial ports .the serial port sends and receive bytes of

information one bit at a time .although this is a slower than parallel

communication which allows the transmission of entire byte at once it is

simpler and can be used over longer distances. Typically, serial

communication is used to transmit ASII data. Communication is completed

using three transmission lines.

1. Ground

2. Transmit

Receive

Since serial communication is asynchronous the port is available to transmit data on

one line while receiving data on another line. The important serial characteristics

are baud rate, data bits, stop bits and parity. For two ports to communicate these

parameters should match.

TRANSMISSION IN 89C51

89C51 has a serial data communication circuit that uses register SBUF to hold data.

Register SCON controls data communication. Register PCON controls data rates.

Pins RxD (p3.0) and TxD(3.1) connect to serial data network. SBUF is physically two

registers, one is writing only i.e. to hold data to be transmitted out of

microcontroller via TxD. The other is read only and holds received data from an

external transmitting source via RxD.

Whenever a data byte is transmitted T1 flag is set and so program is interrupted to

transmit another byte of data. The main program is interrupted only serial port

interrupt is 1E SFR is enable.

The data transmission steps are:

1. Initially the t1 flag is reset.

2. Data to be transmitted must be written into SBUF.

3. As soon as data is transmitted the T1 flag is set and main program is interrupted

to execute ISR.

4. In the ISR T1 flag is reset .another data is written in SBUF register.

SERIAL PORT

The Serial Port is harder to interface than the Parallel Port. In most cases, any

device you connect to the serial port will need the serial transmission converted

back to parallel so that it can be used. This can be done using a USART.

So what are the advantages of using serial data transfer rather than parallel?

1. Serial Cables can be longer than Parallel cables. The serial port transmits a '1' as

-3 to -25 volts and a '0' as +3 to +25 volts where as a parallel port transmits a

'0' as 0v and a '1' as 5v. Therefore, the serial port can have a maximum swing of

50V compared to the parallel port which has a maximum swing of 5 Volts.

Therefore cable loss is not going to be as much of a problem for serial cables as

they are for parallel.

2. You don't need as many wires as parallel transmission. If your device needs to

be mounted a far distance away from the computer then 3 core cable (Null

Modem Configuration) is going to be a lot cheaper that running 19 or 25 core

cable. However you must take into account the cost of the interfacing at each

end.

3. Microcontroller's have also proven to be quite popular recently. Many of these

have in built SCI (Serial Communications Interfaces) which can be used to talk to

the outside world. Serial Communication reduces the pin count of these MPU's.

Only two pins are commonly used, Transmit Data (TXD) and Receive Data (RXD)

compared with at least 8 pins if you use an 8 bit Parallel method (You may also

require a Strobe).

HARDWARE PROPERTIES

Devices which use serial cables for their communication are split into two

categories. These are DCE (Data Communications Equipment) and DTE (Data

Terminal Equipment.) Data Communications Equipments are devices such as your

modem, TA adapter, plotter etc while Data Terminal Equipment is your Computer or

Terminal.

The electrical specifications of the serial port are contained in the EIA (Electronics

Industry Association) RS232C standard. It states many parameters such as -

1. A "Space" (logic 0) will be between +3 and +25 Volts.

2. A "Mark" (Logic 1) will be between -3 and -25 Volts.

3. The region between +3 and -3 volts is undefined.

4. An open circuit voltage should never exceed 25 volts. (In Reference to GND)

5. A short circuit current should not exceed 500mA. The driver should be able to

handle this without damage. (Take note of this one!)

Above is no where near a complete list of the EIA standard. Line Capacitance,

Maximum Baud Rates etc are also included. For more information please consult the

EIA RS232-E standard. It is interesting to note however, that the RS232C standard

specifies a maximum baud rate of 20,000 BPS, which is rather slow by today's

standards. Revised standards, EIA-232D & EIA-232E were released, in 1987 & 1991

respectively.

Serial Ports come in two "sizes". There are the D-Type 25 pin connector and the D-

Type 9 pin connector both of which are male on the back of the PC, thus you will

require a female connector on your device. Below is a table of pin connections for

the 9 pin and 25 pin D-Type connectors.

Serial Pinouts (D25 and D9 Connectors)

Table 1: D Type 9 Pin and D Type 25 Pin Connectors

INTERFACING DEVICES TO RS-232 PORTS

RS-232 WAVEFORMS

So far we have introduced RS-232 Communications in relation to the PC. RS-232

communication is asynchronous. That is a clock signal is not sent with the data.

Each word is synchronized using its start bit, and an internal clock on each side,

keeps tabs on the timing.

Figure 4: TTL/CMOS Serial Logic Waveform

The diagram above shows the expected waveform from the UART when using the

common 8N1 format. 8N1 signifies 8 Data bits, No Parity and 1 Stop Bit. The RS-232

line, when idle is in the Mark State (Logic 1). A transmission starts with a start bit

which is (Logic 0). Then each bit is sent down the line, one at a time. The LSB (Least

Significant Bit) is sent first. A Stop Bit (Logic 1) is then appended to the signal to

make up the transmission.

The diagram shows the next bit after the Stop Bit to be Logic 0. This must mean

another word is following, and this is it's Start Bit. If there is no more data coming

then the receive line will stay in it's idle state (logic 1). We have encountered

something called a "Break" Signal.

This is when the data line is held in a Logic 0 state for a time long enough to send

an entire word. Therefore, if you don't put the line back into an idle state, then the

receiving end will interpret this as a break signal. The data sent using this method,

is said to be framed. That is the data is framed between a Start and Stop Bit. Should

the Stop Bit be received as Logic 0, then a framing error will occur. This is common,

when both sides are communicating at different speeds.

The above diagram is only relevant for the signal immediately at the UART. RS-232

logic levels uses +3 to +25 volts to signify a "Space" (Logic 0) and -3 to -25 volts for

a "Mark" (logic 1). Any voltage in between these regions (i.e. between +3 and -3

Volts) is undefined. Therefore this signal is put through a "RS-232 Level Converter".

This is the signal present on the RS-232 Port of your computer, shown below.

Figure 5: RS-232 Logic Waveform

The above waveform applies to the Transmit and Receive lines on the RS-232 port.

These lines carry serial data, hence the name Serial Port. There are other lines on

the RS-232 port which, in essence are Parallel lines. These lines (RTS, CTS, DCD,

DSR, DTR, RTS and RI) are also at RS-232 Logic Levels.

RS-232 LEVEL CONVERTERS

Almost all digital devices which we use require either TTL or CMOS logic levels.

Therefore the first step to connecting a device to the RS-232 port is to transform the

RS-232 levels back into 0 and 5 Volts. As we have already covered, this is done by

RS-232 Level Converters. Two common RS-232 Level Converters are the 1488 RS-

232 Driver and the 1489 RS-232 Receiver. Each package contains 4 inverters of the

one type, either Drivers or Receivers. The driver requires two supply rails, +7.5 to

+15v and -7.5 to -15v. As you could imagine this may pose a problem in many

instances where only a single supply of +5V is present. However the advantages of

these I.C's are they are cheap.

(Figure 6) Pinouts for the MAX-232, RS-232 Driver/Receiver.

(Figure 7) Typical MAX-232 Circuit.

Another device is the MAX-232. It includes a Charge Pump, which generates +10V

and -10V from a single 5v supply. This I.C. also includes two receivers and two

transmitters in the same package.

This is handy in many cases when you only want to use the Transmit and Receive

data Lines. You don't need to use two chips, one for the receive line and one for the

transmit line. However all this convenience comes at a price, but compared with the

price of designing a new power supply it is very cheap.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

TRANSMITTER

RECIEVER

working

The design proposed here is very compact and handy which makes the

complete system simple. The unique feature of microcontroller gives all the

flexibility of incorporating features of digital circuitry in a single IC with the

help of logical programming. The complete system is divided into two parts

- Hardware & Software. The Hardware unit is consisting of microcontroller,

analog to digital converter (ADC), Clock, Power Supply etc.

The ADC will acquire values of physical parameters and will perform digital

conversion of them for further processing. This digital data is then sent with

the help of wires to the microcontroller. The job of Level Converter is to

transfer the received from the sensors into PC with the help of parallel

communication COM Port.

The VB6 based software will display the data (Voltage values) of all

channels in real time. Then graphical and many more analysis on the

stored data can be performed later on interactively. The job of the hardware

part is to take input of the logical voltage level from the probes and to

transfer them to the PC via Serial Port for further processing.

As VB6 is very popular for “Rapid Application Development” & highly

“Graphical User Interface”, the software is implemented on it. The software

continuously reads the data coming into the PC Serial Port from the

hardware unit and resolves them for their respective channels.

FUNCTION OF ACTIVE

COMPONENT

FUNCTION OF ACTIVE COMPONENT:

ADC0808/ADC0809

>Easy interface to all microprocessors operates ratio metrically or with 5 VDC or

analog span adjusted voltage reference;

>No zero or full-scale adjust required;

>8-channel multiplexer with address logic;

>0V to 5V input range with single 5V power supply;

>Outputs meet TTL voltage level specifications;

>Standard hermetic or molded 28-pin DIP package;

>28-pin molded chip carrier package;

>ADC0808 equivalent to MM74C949;

>ADC0809 equivalent to MM74C949-1.

Key Specifications

1. Conversion Time 100 µs Resolution 8 Bits

2. Total Unadjusted Error ±1/2 LSB and ±1 LSB

3. Single Supply 5 VDC

4. Low Power 15 mW

MICROCONTROLLER 89S51

Features of 89s51

Compatible with MCS-51™ Products 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory

Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz Three-level Program Memory Lock

128 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Two 16-bit Timer/Counters Six Interrupt Sources Programmable Serial Channel Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

LCD DISPLAY

GENERAL SPECIFICATION:

> Display size: 16 character * 2 lines

Character structure: 5*8 dots. Display data RAM: 80 characters (80*8 bits) Character generate ROM: 192 characters Character generate RAM: 8 characters (64*8 bits) Both display data and character generator RAMs can be read from

MPU. Internal automatic reset circuit at power ON. Built in oscillator circuit.

RATING & SPECIFICATION OF PASSIVE COMPONENT

RATING & SPECIFICATION OF PASSIVE COMPONENT

Capacitor:

1)1000uF,25V

2)10k

3)10uf

4)22pf

5) 1uF

RESISTOR:

1)1k ohm

2)100uf

3)1uf

4)1000uf

ADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:

We Can measure the value of every parameter of motor on run time at single time using multimeter

Measure the efficiency of new motor also old motor we should check Voltage , current, speed, and temperature at run time, so we can’t it measure for normal multimeter and we can’t plot graph of that parameter

This measurement and graphing process is carried out from

the main central control room where all the data from

different locations are acquired.

This system can be used to monitor 8 such parameters.

the complete system simple.

Can maintain records of values for each channel in database

DISADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES:

It required 230 v of ac supply.

Cost is more .

It displayed on the PC using graphical user interface.so it required pc .

Wireless range is 10 to 15 feet only

APPLICATION

APPLICATION:Data monitoring and controlling finds application in fields such as chemical,

metallurgical, electrical. Data acquired by the system can be used for testing

purposes or it can be used to get an actual, real time processes at a particular

moment.

Data acquisition provides an interface between the physical area and digital

signals. It enables user to interact with different processes taking place at various

locations by sitting at one place. Then the user only has to give appropriate

commands to get required data.

The data monitoring and controlling can be used in chemical plants,

petrochemical plants in which the main physical parameters to be measured are

pressure, temperature, flow. These parameters are critical since any change in the

desired value can be disastrous. Any change in these parameters should be

immediately known so that corrective action can be taken.

It plays a very important role in applications where processes take place in a

highly corrosive or high temperature environment. Here it is desirable to monitor

the process from remote place where it is safe. In this situation the operator has

to check the parameters and take corrective action that is required without

entering the process environment which may be harmful.

Data acquisition can be used in commercial applications like digital electric

reading in which a person does not have to go to each electric meter every month

or in cases where the electric meters may be located far away.

SPECIFICATION

SPECIFICATION:230 v ac supply

1phase

5 amp

Db 9 connector

LIST OF COMPONENT &

COST

LIST OF COMPONENT & COST:

SR.No

Description Qty. Price

1 Transformer 12-0-12V,750mA 1 35

2 Diode 1N4007 4 4

3 Capacitor1000uF,25V 1 5

4 Voltage regulator IC 7805 1 10

5 Capacitor 1uF 1 1

6 LED 1 1

7 Resistors 15 5

8 Disc capacitors 5 5

9 IC Base 5 10

10 PCB 1 250

11 Wires 2 25

12 Solder wire 1 25

13 Cabinet 1 150

14 Mains cord 1 10

15 Transistor BC548 5 15

16 Adc 0808 1 60

17 2x16 Serial LCD Display 1 170

18 Cyrstal oscillator 1 15

19 89s51 microcontroller 1 55

Trouble shooting & testing

Test Equipment:

Multimeter –

Almost essential for all but the absolute beginner. See the tools section for more information.

Power Supply -

Also very useful for powering circuits that you are testing. One with a variable voltage up to at least 12V is best. The current rating doesn't need to be that high, 1A maximum is fine for most jobs. If you can afford it then one with an adjustable current limit is useful - set right it can prevent damage to an incorrect circuit, rather than frying it instantly!

Oscilloscope –

Quite expensive and not really worth it for all but the advanced constructor. Nonetheless a very useful piece of test equipment, especially on audio circuits. There are some cheaper PC based alternatives, and some hand - held 'scopes now, although I haven't tried them.

Signal Generator –

Useful when testing audio circuits, again not really necessary for beginners. Produces variable frequency waves of several different waveforms (sine, square, triangle)

Testing of components

Diode :

Diode is checked using multimeter by observing the resistance in forwaed and reverse bias.

Transistor:

Transistor is checked using multimeter for its proper functioning.

Capacitor :

Capacitor is checked using multimeter . when multimeter is connected across capacitor ,it shows certain deflection initially and then indicates infinite resistance.

Resistors :

Resistance value is verified on multimeter .continuity or resistor is also checked using multimeter.

Transformer :

An open circuit test is carried out on a transformer and the output voltageIs varied for the rated value.

Motor :

The supply is given to the motor and the rated rpm is verified . by changing the polarity of the supply given to the motor,change pf direction is verified.

layout

Programming

Program for Mic

$large

Dim Addr As Byte

Dim Datain[addr] As Byte

Dim T As Byte

Dim V As Integer

Dim G As Byte

Dim S As Integer

P2 = &B11111111

$baud = 1200

Cls

Cursor Off

Lcd " Wireless "

Lowerline

Lcd " Multimeter"

Wait 2

Cls

Lcd " "

Lowerline

Lcd " "

Wait 2

Cls

Lcd " Guided By:Prof."

Lowerline

Lcd " "

Wait 2

Do

For Addr = 0 To 3

P1 = Addr

Waitms 1

P1.3 = 1

Waitms 1

P1.3 = 0

Waitms 1

Datain[addr] = 0

If P2.0 = 1 Then

Datain[addr] = Datain[addr] + 128

End If

If P2.1 = 1 Then

Datain[addr] = Datain[addr] + 64

End If

If P2.2 = 1 Then

Datain[addr] = Datain[addr] + 32

End If

If P2.3 = 1 Then

Datain[addr] = Datain[addr] + 16

End If

If P2.4 = 1 Then

Datain[addr] = Datain[addr] + 8

End If

If P2.5 = 1 Then

Datain[addr] = Datain[addr] + 4

End If

If P2.6 = 1 Then

Datain[addr] = Datain[addr] + 2

End If

If P2.7 = 1 Then

Datain[addr] = Datain[addr] + 1

End If

If Addr = 0 Then

T = Datain[addr]

T = T / 3

Elseif Addr = 1 Then

V = Datain[addr]

V = V + 20

Elseif Addr = 2 Then

G = Datain[addr]

G = G - 40

Elseif Addr = 3 Then

S = Datain[addr]

End If

Print "M1" ; T;

Print "M2" ; V;

Print "M3" ; G;

Print "M4" ; S;

Next

Cls

Locate 1 , 1

Lcd "T=" ; T ;

Locate 1 , 9

Lcd "V=" ; V ;

Locate 2 , 1

Lcd "G=" ; G ;

Locate 2 , 9

Lcd "S=" ; S ;

Waitms 25

Loop

Program for visual basicOption Explicit

Dim X(1 To 100, 0 To 3) As Variant

Dim id As Integer

Dim RCount As Integer

Dim CHNo As Variant

Dim Data As Variant

Private Sub Command1_Click()

If Port.PortOpen = True Then

Port.PortOpen = False

End If

If optCom1.Value Then

Port.CommPort = 1

End If

If optCom2.Value Then

Port.CommPort = 2

End If

If optCom3.Value Then

Port.CommPort = 3

End If

If optCom4.Value Then

Port.CommPort = 4

End If

Port.Settings = "1200,N,8,1"

Port.InputLen = 1

Port.InBufferSize = 2000

Port.OutBufferSize = 2000

Port.RThreshold = 1

Port.PortOpen = True

End Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()

Text1.Text = "o"

Text2.Text = "o"

Text3.Text = "o"

Text4.Text = "o"

End Sub

Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer)

End

End Sub

Private Sub Port_OnComm()

Dim RChr As String

If Not Port.CommEvent = comEvReceive Then Exit Sub

RChr = Port.Input

RCount = RCount + 1

If RChr = "M" Then

RCount = 0

If CHNo = 1 Then

Text1.Text = Data

End If

If CHNo = 2 Then

Text2.Text = Data

End If

If CHNo = 3 Then

Text3.Text = Data

End If

If CHNo = 4 Then

Text4.Text = Data

End If

Data = ""

Exit Sub

End If

If RCount = 1 Then

CHNo = RChr

Exit Sub

End If

If RCount >= 2 Then

Data = Data & RChr

End If

End Sub

Private Sub Timer1_Timer()

If id <= 99 Then

id = id + 1

X(id, 0) = Val(Text1.Text)

X(id, 1) = Val(Text2.Text)

X(id, 2) = Val(Text3.Text)

X(id, 3) = Val(Text4.Text)

MSChart1.ChartData = X

Else

id = 2

End If

End Sub

FUTURE

DEVELOPMENT OF

THE PROJECT

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT

Other features that can be added to our project are:-

Data can be transmitted using wireless mode with the help

of GSM Transmitter and Receiver

It can have more accurate digital sensors so that even the

slightest error can be detected which can generate an

alarm at the user end;

The data can be transmitted to the mobile station i.e.

handsets or satellites can be used to transmit data

worldwide;

For higher data speed fibre optic cables can be used.

Bibiliography

Bibiliography

1.Basic Electronics – B.Ram

2.Digital Electronics – R.P.Jain

3.www.redcircuits.com

4.www.alldatasheet.com

5.www.elctronicsforu.com