Ganesh Mali

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GSM,CDMA are major implementation worldwide of cellular networks and there are some customized versions implementations of these used in China & Japan mainly.

2G technologies were majorly focused circuit switched voice, SMS & low speed data.

It used in core SS7 (Signaling System 7 ) and in access GSM /CDMA radio access.

GSM is widely implemented compared to CDMA worldwide, there are many reasons for it.

Some are : CDMA Proprietary technology by Qualcomm, was not user friendly in initial phase.

India has both the cellular technologies offered by communication providers.

Frequency band used : 800,900,1800,1900 Mhz

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GSM was enhanced for somewhat higher speed of data communications with introduction of packet switched data technology in GSM network architecture.

Technologically changes were on core network to integrate IP networks into GSM network.

Many people call it as 2.5G/2.75G which were giving download speed up to 256 to 386 Kbps.

Technologies used were GPRS & EDGE in GSM & in CDMA 1X CDMA

These use the same GSM/CDMA frequency band in optimized way for data.

Protocol used : GTP, TCP/IP & RADIUS

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IMT 2000 are recommendations by ITU-T for defining 3G : “It is expected that IMT-2000 will provide higher

transmission rates: a minimum data rate of 2 Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 384 kbit/s in a moving vehicle.”

3GPP : Release 99 first defined UMTS as 3G technology evolving from GSM.UMTS versions: HSDPA,HSUPA,HSPA,HSPA+

3GPP2 : Defined nearly same time 1x EV-DO & CDMA 2000 Versions CDMA : EVDO Rev 0 ,EVDV,EVDO Rev B

Frequency Band : 2100 (IMT) and 2G ones are reused in some countries

Protocols used : TCP/IP, RADIUS/Diameter, SS7.

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Features:LTE is defined in 3GPP release 8 and LTE advanced is defined in release 10Expected speeds with LTE are Peak download rates up to 299.6 Mbit/s and upload rates up to 75.4 Mbit/s VoLTE (Voice Over LTE)Simpler architectureLow latencyHigh speed with good quality of experienceProtocols used will be TCP/IP ,SIP, RTP, Diameter etc.

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It uses protocols : SIP, RTP, Diameter extensively based on TCP/IP model.

It is not backward compatible with predecessor 3G HSPA technologies.

LTE is the natural upgrade path for carriers with both GSM/UMTS networks and CDMA2000 networks.

In core it will use EPC(Evolved Packet core) part of NGN. Detailed in later slides.

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• A high degree of commonality of functionality worldwide while retaining the flexibility to support a wide range of services and applications in a cost-efficient manner

• Compatibility of services within IMT and with fixed networks

• Capability of interworking with other radio access systems• High-quality mobile services• User equipment suitable for worldwide use• User-friendly applications, services and equipment• Worldwide roaming capability• Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services

and applications (100 Mbps for high and 1 Gbps for low mobility were established as targets for research)

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September 2009, the technology proposals were submitted by 3GPP and others to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as 4G candidates. Following two technologies were emerged as contenders

LTE Advanced standardized by the 3GPP 802.16m standardized by the IEEE (i.e. WiMAX)

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Not 100 % but YES it meets major requirements of IMT advanced.

ITU has officially accepted LTE advanced as 4G technology recently. However whole ecosystem will evolve over the period in coming releases from 3GPP.

There are two versions of LTE advanced defined by 3GPP :

TDD-LTE Advanced FDD-LTE Advanced

After lot of competition & discussions on various forums , it looks like TDD-LTE has own the game and its accepted by many Big telecom player as 4G technology choice.

E.g.: Sprint ,T-Mobile, AT &T, Vodafone etc.

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Telecommunications /Network Domain: Core networks(SS7, TCP/IP,MPLS etc.) planning,

installation, testing, assurance. Skills : CCNA/CCNP certification, network knowledge.

Access Network( Radio network,WLL, Ethernet, DSL, ATM, FTTx) planning, installation, testing, assurance. Skills : Access network knowledge.

Data Centre profiles :DB installation and maintenance, OS installation and maintenance. Skills : DB and OS certifications.

Legal, business analyst for CPs, OEMs.

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OSS(Operations Software Systems)/BSS(Business Support Systems) Business Analyst/presales/Solution designer

Skills : Good domain knowledge, Communication Skills, SDLC knowledge.

Developer/Software consultant: Skills : Good knowledge of software languages.

Testing professional: Skills : Software testing knowledge, good

understanding of software language. Live Application Support

Skills: Functional knowledge of domain.

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Communications Provider/Telecom Service provider: Vodafone, Airtel, Idea, Reliance, BSNL,British Telecom, AT

&T, Verizon, Sprint, China Mobile, so on. Original Equipment Manufactures/Vendors Huawei, Alcatel Lucent, ZTE, CISCO, Ciena, HP, Ericsson Network provider: Alcatel Lucent, NSN, British Telecom etc. OTT(Over The Top)/Content Provider: Mobile Apps providers, Facebook, Whatsapp, Google. OSS/BSS consultant/provider: Amdocs, Clarity, Tekelec, CSG International etc. OSS/BSS managed services Accenture, Infosys, TechM, Wipro, HCL

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SDN (Software Defined Networks) Software-defined networking (SDN) is an approach to

computer networking that allows network administrators to manage network services through abstraction of lower-level functionality. This is done by decoupling the system that makes decisions about where traffic is sent (the control plane) from the underlying systems that forward traffic to the selected destination (the data plane).

IOT(Internet Of Things) Is the network of physical objects or "things"

embedded with electronics, software, sensors and connectivity to enable it to achieve greater value and service by exchanging data with the manufacturer, operator and/or other connected devices

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Cloud Computing : Cloud computing involves deploying groups of remote

servers and software networks that allow centralized data storage and online access to computer services or resources

NFV network function virtualization : is a network architecture concept that proposes using IT

virtualization related technologies to virtualize entire classes of network node functions into building blocks that may be connected, or chained, to create communication services.

Big Data: Big data is a broad term for data sets so large or

complex that traditional data processing applications are inadequate.

Challenges include analysis, capture, search, sharing, storage, transfer, visualization, and information privacy. The term often refers simply to the use of predictive analytics or other certain advanced methods to extract value from data, and seldom to a particular size of data set.

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GSM : Global System for Mobile Communications

IMT: International Mobile Telecommunications

GPRS : General Packet Radio Service

AP: Access Point

UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunications system

eNodeB Enhanced Node B

HSPA: High Speed Packet Access S-GW: Serving Gateway

LTE : Long Term Evolution EPS: Evolved Packet System

NGN : Next Generation Network Wi-Max: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

EDGE :Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution

3GPP/3GPP2: 3rd Generation partnership Program /3rd Generation partnership Program 2

SIP : Session Initiation Protocol ICT : Information and Communications Technology

RADIUS : Remote Access Dial In User 03/19/15 20

Any Q ?

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