wireless broadband master plan workshop...
TRANSCRIPT
02/Feb/2012
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Considerations for Wireless Broadband Master Plan -II
WIRELESS BROADBAND MASTER PLAN WORKSHOP
NEPAL
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Rajesh Mehrotra ITU Expert [email protected]
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Spectrum for Wireless Broadband
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Mobile penetration for various economies
About 100 economies had mobile cellular penetration over 100%. 17 economies, out of these, had penetration rates above 150% . These are: Anguilla, Finland, Maldives, Kuwait, St Kitts & Nevis; Oman, Russia, Suriname, Libya, Vietnam, Cayman Islands, Antigua & Barbuda, Panama, Montenegro, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong (China) and Macao (China). (Source: ITU Statshot Issue7, August 2011)
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Since 2000, the world has seen the introduction of the first family of standards derived from the IMT concept – IMT-2000 (commonly referred to as 3G). 3G is now widely deployed and being rapidly enhanced. “IMT-Advanced” provides a global platform on which to build the next generations of mobile services - fast data access, unified messaging and broadband multimedia - in the form of exciting new interactive services and applications.
Utilization of spectrum New techniques to:
- increase spectrum utilization and spectrum efficiency - to allow spectrum resources to be shared between users
These studies may lead to: - improved frequency usage and/or to new ways to share the spectrum resource with other users or systems.
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Draft Revision in October 2011 of: Recommendation ITU-R M.1036-3
Frequency arrangements for implementation of the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in the bands identified for IMT in the Radio Regulations (RR)
Draft Revision in October 2011 : Includes additional frequency arrangements to reflect the results of WRC-07. It also reorganizes the frequency arrangements into self-contained annexes for clarity
Frequency arrangements are recommended to enable: – most effective and efficient use of the spectrum to deliver IMT services – while minimizing the impact on other systems or services in these bands – facilitating the growth of IMT systems
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In planning the implementation of IMT, the following objectives are desirable: – to minimize the impact on other systems and services within, and adjacent to, the bands identified for IMT; – to facilitate worldwide roaming of IMT terminals; – to afford flexibility to administrations, as the identification of several bands for IMT allows administrations to choose the best band or parts of bands for their circumstances; – to facilitate determination, at a national level, of how much spectrum to make available for IMT from within the identified bands;
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- Importance of Spectrum Management - Specific Issues of Spectrum Management in Nepal - To address spectrum issues for the Wireless Broadband Master Plan - Best Practice guidelines on Spectrum Management
Spectrum Aspects
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Allocation to services
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3
2 300-2 450
FIXED
MOBILE 5.384A
Amateur
Radiolocation
2 300-2 450
FIXED
MOBILE 5.384A
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
5.150 5.282 5.395 5.150 5.282 5.393 5.394 5.396
2300-2400 MHz (global - 5.384A)
5.384A The bands, or portions of the bands, 1 710-1 885 MHz, 2 300-2 400 MHz and
2 500-2 690 MHz, are identified for use by administrations wishing to implement International
Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in accordance with Resolution 223 (Rev.WRC-07).
This identification does not preclude the use of these bands by any application of the
services to which they are allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations.
(WRC-07)
Importance of Spectrum Management
- Use of radio spectrum in accordance with: International Radio Regulations – a binding international treaty document
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Importance of Spectrum Management
- Make appropriate band allocations for major wireless users in the country - Follow the channeling plans identified in ITU-R Recommendations - Enforcement of licensing conditions and adherence to licensed technical parameters - Cross border coordination
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Specific Issues of Spectrum Management in Nepal
- Information of National allocation Plan and knowledge about frequency assignments use - Civil and government use of frequency bands of interest - Enforcement of licensed transmission parameters - Interference resolution mechanism - Notification of frequency assignments to the ITU for international recognition - IFIC (International Frequency Information Circular) for terrestrial and space radiocommunication networks
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- Identification of present usage of radio spectrum in Nepal in the frequency bands of interest - Data-base for the licensed use of IMT frequency bands - Identification of appropriate spectrum for introduction of wireless broadband technologies - Assessment of digital dividend - Cross border coordination aspects for Nepal - Potential for frequency re-farming
How Wireless Broadband Master Plan will address Spectrum Issues
Best Practice Guidelines for Spectrum Management* to Promote Broadband Access
1. Facilitate deployment of innovative broadband technologies - Ensuring that broadband wireless operators have as wide a choice as possible of the spectrum they may access, and releasing spectrum to the market as soon as possible - Allocating frequencies in a manner to facilitate entry into the market of new competitors - Eliminate regulatory barriers to spectrum access, including simplified licence and authorization procedures for - Removing unnecessary restrictions on spectrum use.
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*http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/bestpractice/2005/best_practices_e.pdf
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2. Promote transparency
- Transparent and non-discriminatory spectrum management policies to ensure adequate availability of spectrum, provide regulatory certainty and to promote investment; - Frequency allocation plans, including frequencies available for wireless broadband access, in particular on the regulator’s website; - Consultations before changing national frequency allocation plans.
3. Embrace technology neutrality
- Create conditions for the development of broadband services, reduce investment risks and stimulate competition among different technologies, regulators can give industry the freedom and flexibility to deploy their choice of technologies and decide on the most appropriate technology in their commercial interest - Ways to mitigate inter-operator interference.
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4. Adopt flexible use measures - Non-commercial uses with lower regulatory burdens, such as reduced minimal or no spectrum fees; - Minimizing barriers to entry and incentives for small market players (operations on a small scale at very low cost, without imposing onerous rollout and coverage conditions, to enable small market players to gain experience in broadband provision and to test market demand for various broadband services).
5. Ensure affordability - Reasonable spectrum fees for wireless broadband technologies; - Minimize unreasonable costs that are barriers to entry. Higher costs of access to spectrum further reduces the economic viability in rural and under-served areas.
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6. Optimize spectrum availability on a timely basis - Provide effective and timely spectrum use and equipment authorizations
to facilitate the deployment and interoperability of infrastructure for wireless broadband networks.
7. Ensure a level playing field - prevent spectrum hoarding; - limit on the maximum amount of spectrum that each operator can obtain.
8. Harmonize international and regional practices and standards - Harmonization of spectrum for broadband wireless access; - Ensure interoperability between different vendor’s user terminals and network equipment. 16
9. Adopt a broad approach to promote broadband access - Development of backbone and distribution networks; - Effective competitive safeguards, open access to infrastructure, universal access/service measures, the promotion of supply and demand, licensing, roll-out and market entry measures; the introduction of data security and users’ rights, where appropriate; encouraging the lowering or removal of import duties on wireless broadband equipment.
10. Manage spectrum efficiently !
Published National Frequency Allocation Table showing:
civil and government frequency bands
Allocation of civil frequency bands to specific applications
Legal and regulatory foundation for spectrum management
(Telecommunications Act)
Agreement on frequency bands for civil (commercial) and government use
Agreement and coordination between goverment departments on spectrum allocation for civil (commercial) and
government use
Channel arrangements to be
applied (e.g. ITU
recommendations)
Frequency planning standards:
e.r.p.; antenna; protection levels
(minimum field strengths)
Equipment standards (ETSI, US
etc)
Creation of an administrative and
technical database of frequency
use (licencee details; transmitting
station technical information)
National Spectrum Management: Essential requirements for any SMS
Primary-level regulation
Licensing and fees
Enforcement: (licence conditions and illegal use)
Secondary-level regulation
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The frequency bands identified for IMT services (that accommodate all the technologies) are shared bands with footnotes:
Band (MHz) Radio Regulation Footnotes identifying the band for IMT 450-470 5.286AA 698-806/790-862 MHz, 806 - 960 5.313A, 5.317A 1 710 – 1 885, 1 885 -2 025 5.384A, 5.388 2 110-2 200 5.388 2 300-2 400 5.384A 2 500-2 690 5.384A 3 400-3 600 5.430A, 5.432A, 5.432B, 5.433A World Radio Conference - 1992 World Administrative Radio Conference –2000 World Administrative Radio Conference – 2007
IMT spectrum needs estimated by ITU for 2020, are not met. 18
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Preliminary draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R M.1036-3
Frequency arrangements for implementation of the terrestrial component of International Mobile
Telecommunications (IMT) in the bands identified for IMT in the Radio Regulations (RR)
12th meeting of Working Party 5D Goa, India, 12-19 October 2011
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The PDR ITU-R Rec 1036-3 "Frequency arrangements for implementation of the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) in the bands 806-960 MHz, 1 710-2 025 MHz, 2 110-2 200 MHz and 2 500-2 690 MHz" has been revised by SG-5 and the revision is under approval through consultation for which circular letter CAR/ 329 has been issued by BR. The pink doc 1002 from SG-5 refers in this context.
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Frequency arrangements in the band 450-470 MHz
M.1036-01-Ann1
460 465 470450 455MHZ
MS Tx
450
MS Tx
454.800 460 464.800
451.325 455.725 461.325 465.725
BS Tx
Centre gap (5.2 MHz)
Centre gap (5.6 MHz)
MS Tx
452.000 456.475 462.000 466.475
BS TxCentre gap (5.525 MHz)
MS Tx
452.500 457.475 462.500 467.475
BS TxCentre gap (5.025 MHz)
453.000 457.500 463.000 467.500
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
MS Tx
455.250 459.975 465.250 469.975
BS TxCentre gap (5.275 MHz)
MS Tx BS TxCentre gap (5.5 MHz)
MS Tx BS Tx
TDD
MS Tx BS TxTDD
450.000 457.500 462.500
450.000 470.000
450.000 455.000 465.000 470.000462.500457.500
470.000
Centre gap (5 MHz)
BS Tx
MS Tx BS Tx
451.000 458.000 468.000461.000
Centre gap (3 MHz)
D10
Multiple freq. arrangements (10) accommodate incumbent operations & maintain a common uplink/downlink structure (uplink in lower 10 MHz/downlink in upper 10 MHz) for FDD.
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Frequency arrangements in the band 698-960 MHz
M.1036-01-Ann2
MHz 825 850 875 900 925 950 975
A1 MS Tx
824 869 894
A2
849
BS Tx
MS Tx BS Tx
880 925915 960
M.1036-02-Ann2
MHz 775 800 825 850 875 900
A3 BS Tx MS Tx
791 821 832 862
M.1036-03-Ann2
MHz 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810
A4MS Txor TDD
698 716 728 746 763 776 793
Un-pairedBS Tx
or TDDBS Tx
or TDDMS Txor TDD
690
M.1036-04-Ann2
45 MHz
698 MHz
A5
710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 690 700 790 800
10 MHz
45 MHz806
MHz
3 MHz
5 MHz
M.1036-05-Ann2
A6
TDD
806 MHz
698 MHz
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– Different usage in 698-960 MHz between Regions, - no common solution possible.
– In A3 - reversed duplex direction (mobile transmit in upper band & base transmit in
lower band provides better conditions for coexistence with the lower adjacent broadcasting service.
– In A4, administrations can use the band solely for FDD or TDD, or some combination of
FDD and TDD. Administrations can use any FDD duplex spacing or FDD duplex direction. However, when administrations choose to deploy mixed FDD/TDD channels with a fixed duplex separation for FDD, the duplex separation and duplex direction as shown in A4 are preferred.
– In A5, 2 x 45 MHz FDD arrangement uses sub blocks with dual duplexer solution and
conventional duplex arrangement. Internal guard bands of 5 MHz and 3 MHz are provided at the lower and upper edge of the band for better co-existence with adjacent radio communication services.
– In A6, taking into account the external 4 MHz guard band (694-698 MHz), a minimum
internal guard-band of 5 MHz at the lower edge (698 MHz) and 3 MHz at the upper edge (806 MHz) needs to be considered.
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Frequency arrangements in the band 1 710-2 200 MHz
In bands 1 710-2 025 MHz and 2 110-2 200 MHz three basic frequency arrangements (B1, B2 and B3) are already in use by public mobile cellular systems including IMT. Based on these three arrangements, different combinations of arrangements are recommended as described in B4 and B5.
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Frequency arrangements in the band 2 300-2 400 MHz
M.1036-01-Ann4
2 300
MHz 2 4002 3752 3502 3252 300
E1
2 400
TDD
Frequency arrangements in the band 2 500-2 690 MHz
M.1036-01-Ann5
Flexible FDD/TDD
MS Tx TDD BS Tx
MS Tx
MHz 2 6902 6502 6002 5502 500
2 570 2 620
2 570
C1
C2
C3
BS Tx (external) BS Tx
2 500
2 500
2 620 2 690
2 690
2 6902 500
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The LTE standard can be used with many different frequency bands. - In North America, 700 and 1700 MHz are planned to
be used; - 800, 1800, 2600 MHz in Europe - 1800 and 2600 MHz in Asia - 1800 MHz in Australia - As a result, phones from one country may not work in
other countries. Users will need a multi-band capable phone for roaming internationally.
Potential frequency bands for LTE deployment
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Global Deployment of LTE in Key Spectrum Bands
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ITU estimated in 2006 that by 2020, mobile services will require up to 1720 MHz of bandwidth in areas with high traffic density networks typically urban areas.
Based on the ITU forecasted spectrum demand, a substantial increase in spectrum availability will be required by 2020 to meet predicted growth in demand for mobile broadband services. Digital dividend spectrum is the most important new source of spectrum as market demand for widespread broadband access increases.
Over the past six months regulators in the US, Australia and the UK carried out analysis to determine the amount of spectrum needed for wireless broadband services in the future which challenges the ITU’s spectrum demand forecast.
Technical changes in past 4 years has been rapid and advancements in wireless technology from now until 2020 has to be considered.
Estimates Of Spectrum Needed for Wireless Services
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ITU-R M.1036 - Frequency arrangements for implementation of the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT 2000) in the bands 806-960 MHz, 1 710-2 025 MHz, 2 110-2 200 MHz and 2 500-2 690 MHz ITU-R M.1390 - Methodology for the calculation of IMT-2000 terrestrial spectrum requirements ITU-R M.1457 - Detailed specifications of the radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) ITU-R M.1579 - Global circulation of IMT-2000 terminals ITU-R M.1768 - Methodology for calculation of spectrum requirements for the future development of the terrestrial component of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 ITU-R M.687 - International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) ITU-R M.819 - International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) for developing countries ITU-R M.1182 - Integration of terrestrial and satellite mobile communication system
ITU-R RECOMMENDATIONS
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REPORTS:
M.2023 - Spectrum requirements for International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) M.2024 - Summary of spectrum usage survey results M.2039 - Characteristics of terrestrial IMT-2000 systems for frequency sharing/interference analyses M.2078 - Estimated spectrum bandwidth requirements for the future development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced M.2079 - Technical and operational information for identifying Spectrum for the terrestrial component of future development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced
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In 2000, work began on “IMT-Advanced” — the global platform on which to build the next generations of fixed and mobile wireless broadband services This process, which is now concluding, involved a detailed assessment of market needs up to 2020, identification of suitable spectrum and the detailed specification of the globally agreed radio interfaces. Selection of radio interfaces is being worked upon
IMT Advanced
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•IMT-Advanced systems are mobile systems that include new capabilities that go beyond those of IMT-2000. They will:
Provide access to a wide range of telecommunication services including advanced mobile services, supported by mobile and fixed networks, which are increasingly packet-based.
Support low to high mobility applications and a wide range of data rates in accordance with user and service demands in multiple user environments.
Provide for high quality multimedia applications within a wide range of services and platforms, providing a significant improvement in performance and quality of service.
What is IMT-Advanced?
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LTE-Advanced and WirelessMAN-Advanced technologies were each determined to have successfully met all of the criteria established by ITU-R for the first release of IMT-Advanced.
LTE-Advanced is developed by 3GPP as LTE Release 10 and Beyond (LTE-Advanced). WirelessMAN-Advanced is developed by IEEE as the WirelessMAN-Advanced specification incorporated in IEEE Std 802.16 beginning with approval of IEEE Std 802.16m.
Full details of the submissions and evaluation process are contained in the recently approved Report ITU-R M.2198 The detailed technical specifications of these radio interfaces will be contained in Recommendation ITU-R M.[RSPEC] to be finalized in early 2012.
Decisions
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• High degree of commonality of functionality worldwide while retaining the flexibility to support a wide range of services and applications in a cost efficient manner;
• Compatibility of services within IMT and with fixed networks;
• Capability of interworking with other radio access systems;
• High quality mobile services;
• User equipment suitable for worldwide use;
• User-friendly applications, services and equipment;
• Worldwide roaming capability; and,
• Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100 Mbit/s for high and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility were established as targets for research)*.
* See Recommendation ITU-R M.1645
Key Features
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IMT freq. bands are shared with other radio services - Who are the `major users’ identified in Nepal for IMT bands? What is their present and planned use for these freq. Bands for the next 5 years? Latest spectrum allocation chart (NFAP-National Frequency Allocation Plan) for Nepal NFR (National Freq. Register) where frequency assignment records (specially within the bands of interest for us) have been recorded For terrestrial cellular backhaul or `back-bone’: - Existing or planned microwave LOS radio relay routes; - Fibre optic cable network
Use of IMT Spectrum by Nepal
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Existing & future possibilities for satellite backhaul in Nepal
Is there an estimation of the amount of spectrum that may be released in Nepal as digital dividend? Is there a band planning for the use of UHF digital dividend spectrum in Nepal within the frequency band 470 to 862 MHz? For regional harmonization of the use of IMT frequency bands, and to permit roaming in the Asia-Pacific Area, are there any specific steps being taken by Nepal?
Use of IMT Spectrum by Nepal (cont.)
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Mechanisms to settle `telecom disputes’ in Nepal? Considering that there are a number of frequency bands identified in ITU’s Radio Regulations for IMT services, what is the total spectrum demand for wireless broadband services in Nepal?
Use of IMT Spectrum by Nepal(cont.)
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Wireless broadband using satellites
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WHY SATELLITES ?
Satellites are valuable part of the broadband infrastructure strategy
Ubiquitous connectivity
Suited for areas
underserved / un-served by
terrestrial networks
Ability to augment and
combine with terrestrial
network
Cover mass geog. area for
global, regional or national
coverage
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-No `last mile issues’ & reliability when natural
disasters/terrorism knock out other comm.
- Services to remote locations & mobile sites i.e.
ships, trains, planes and vehicles.
-Remote sites can be deployed very quickly with
satellite access.
- Accelerate availability of high-speed Internet
services in developing countries
Advantages
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Technological upside for broadband satellites
New generation broadband systems `HTS’ (High Throughput Satellite)
- Spot beam technology, beams illuminate
smaller area (100s of kms instead of 1000s)
- Coverage is a honeycomb/cellular pattern
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- Frequency reuse - drastically increases overall capacity -
faster speeds to smaller dishes.
- Upgraded services at lower costs.
Hughes high-throughput Ka-band satellite, called Jupiter, to be launched in 2012. Jupiter will provide more than 100 gigabits per second of capacity, which is more than 100 times the capacity offered by a conventional Ku-band satellite
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HTS: TRUE PARADIGM SHIFT !
Spot beam technology - downlink beams illuminate a smaller area of the order of 100s of kilometers instead of 1000s of kilometers. Honeycomb - cellular pattern - frequency reuse - drastic increase in the overall capacity of the satellite.
This is analogous to comparing a DTH (direct-to-home)
broadcast signal to a cellular phone signal. Faster speeds - smaller dishes – upgraded services at lower costs – SHARING – time & time zone sharing / geographical sharing
2. 1 Gbps – Today’s conventional satellites – continental
coverage-single gateway; 10 Gbps – Hub-less system (intersatellite links) – multiple beams – multiple gateways – single hop between terminals; 100 Gbps – Multiple beams – Multiple gateways .
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- In the USA, there were only two surviving projects from that era.
One of the two, WildBlue - by ViaSat Inc. The other, HughesNet - by Hughes Communications.
- ViaSat’s ViaSat-1 was delayed - now slated for launch in 2011.
Hughes also ordered a high-throughput Ka-band satellite, called Jupiter, to be launched in 2012. ViaSat-1 and Jupiter will provide more than 100 gigabits per second of capacity, which is more than 100 times the capacity offered by a conventional Ku-band satellite.
- Europe KASAT (Europe and middle east)-70 Gbps capacity 10
Mbps Downlink & 4 Mbps Uplink -82 beams; Each beam 250 kms with capacity 900Mbps
- O3b satellites will be deployed in a circular orbit along the equator
at an altitude of 8063km (medium earth orbit) – 150 countries across Asia, Africa, Latin America, Middle East. 8+8 satellites
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Regional trends in satellite broadband access
SSA=Sub Saharan Africa; MENA=Middle East and North Africa; WEU=Western Europe CEEU=Central and Eastern Europe; NAM= North American Region; LAM= Latin American Region
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Hybrid Broadband Networks
Integrated MSS Systems
Use of satellite spectrum to combine terrestrial networks with satellite systems in the L
band (1525-1559 & 1626.5-1660.5 MHz).
Ground component mitigates blockage areas & allows indoor service coverage.
CGC/ATC (Complimentary Ground Component Or Auxiliary Terrestrial Component)
- integral part, of the MSS system. “CGC” of integrated MSS systems also in the L band.
No definition for integrated MSS in ITU Radio Regulation
MSS/other satellites used for position fixing-GPS, Galileo need protection from CGC/ATC
Since freq. assgn. to tx. Stns. capable of causing harmful interference shall be notified to
the ITU, CPM considered interim procedure for notification and recording of CGC/ATC
In some countries – it was felt that satellite operators were simply using the “auxiliary”
excuse to use satellite spectrumfor providing a basically terrestrial network (Licenses for
international satellites are awarded without payment (beauty contest).
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Hybrid Broadband Networks (cont.)
Satellite component of the IMT advanced Freq. Bands (MHz) for IMT: 450-470; 698-960;1710-2 025; 2110-2200; 2300-2400;
2500-2690;3400-3600
development of radio interface for the satellite component of IMT specifications
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The SATELLITE radio interface of IMT-Advanced should be: - terrestrial fill-in service, vertical handover of satellite component with terrestrial part - Vertical handovers ………..automatic fall-over from one technology to another in order to maintain communication. - Compatible & have High degree of commonality with, a terrestrial radio interface (LTE-Long Term Evolution). - Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS)
