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istory
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epartm
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Fact File
WINSTON
CHURCHILL
Did You Know
?
Winston C
hurchill smoked his first cigar in C
uba in 1895.
He loved singing but hated w
histling.
He w
as hit by a car in New
York City in 1931.
His favourite subject in school w
as History.
He died exactly 90 years after his father.
He alm
ost drowned in Lake Lausanne, in
Switzerland in 1895.
He failed his entrance exam
s to Sandhurst twice –
but passed on his third attempt.
He w
as the first honorary citizen of the USA
.
He took a nap every day and often w
orked from bed.
He w
as a qualified bricklayer.
He collected hats.
He hated staples. A
nd paperclips.
He w
rote and published lots of books. He even w
onthe N
obel Prize for Literature in 1953!
As a boy, he sold his father’s autographs to earn pocket m
oney.
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opyrigh
t 2004, T
he G
uy F
ox H
istory P
roje
ct. A
ll rights re
serv
ed. w
ww
.guyfo
x.org.u
k
Developed by the G
uy Fox History Project for the
Churchill Leadership Program
me in association w
iththe C
abinet War Room
s Learning Departm
ent.
Here
’s som
e in
form
atio
n
about W
insto
n C
hurc
hill.
Page A
Who W
as Winston C
hurchill?W
inston Churchill was Prim
e Minister of Britain during W
orldW
ar II ( 1940 to 1945 ). He w
as a cantankerous politician,w
ho took a stand, inspired hope among the people, and w
henconfronted w
ith the threat of devastation, led Britain to victory.
Winston C
hurchill was a m
an of contradictions: a guy with
a lisp and a stamm
er who becam
e one of history’s best speakers.A
man w
ho had bouts of depression, yet inspired millions. A
poor student who didn’t attend university, but w
ho won the
Nobel Prize for Literature. A
leader who’d m
ade plenty ofm
istakes, but in whom
the people placed their faith and theirlives.
Many people say that W
inston Churchill w
as the greatestB
riton ever. They say he was an extraordinary m
an inextraordinary tim
es – and perhaps thisis true. But perhaps his greatness cam
eabout because he knew
how to appeal
to the greatness inside everyone.
9. It’s 1915. Your country is at war, and you are a m
ember of
the Council of War. Your big idea is to send troops into Turkey
to capture part of the country and force Turkey out of theW
ar. If the plan succeeds, it will help w
in the war. You send
troops in, and thousands of soldiers are killed. A m
ilitarydisaster. W
hat would you do? W
hat qualities of leadership arerequired?
10. It’s 1933. You recognise the threatw
hich Adolf H
itler poses to world
peace, and you speak againstG
ermany’s grow
ing military strength.
Nobody w
ants to hear your speeches,but you believe that B
ritain needsto prepare for W
ar. What w
ould youdo? W
hat qualities of leadership arerequired?
1952 Polio vaccine is created
1945-64M
P forW
oodford
1951-55Prim
e Minister
(Again!)
1965D
ies on 24thJanuary
30th Novem
ber 1874W
inston Churchillis born
Win
ston C
hurc
hill
pain
ted o
ver 5
00
pain
tings in
his life
!
1888-92At H
arrowSchool
1893-94At Sandhurst
Page B
7. It’s 1910. As H
ome Secretary, you are responsible for law
and order. Protests by Suffragettes (wom
en campaigning for
the right to vote) are disruptive. Although you personally
support the right of wom
en to vote, you know your party w
illlose seats in Parliam
ent if they win
their campaign. W
hat would you do?
What qualities of leadership are
required?
8. It’s 1911. You become First Lord
of the Adm
iralty (the Navy) at a tim
ew
hen Germ
any’s navy is strong andB
ritain’s navy is weak. You know
that Britain needs to do som
ething.You don’t know
where to begin. W
hatw
ould you do? What qualities of
leadership are required?
Why D
o YOU
Think We N
eed to LearnA
bout Winston C
hurchill?
1945 World W
ar II ends1947 P
olaroid Cam
era is invented
1940-45Prim
e Minister and
Minister of D
efence
1945-51Leader of the
Opposition
1896- 1899M
ilitary service inIndia &
the Sudan
1891-1900W
ar Correspondent inSouth Africa
1900M
P forO
ldham
Young W
insto
n d
id
poorly a
t Math
s, Latin
and G
reek. H
e like
d
History a
nd E
nglish
, and
he d
id w
ell in
these
subje
cts.
His E
nglish
teacher
Robe
rt Som
erve
ll help
ed
him
develo
p h
is writin
g
and sp
eakin
g skills.
Young W
insto
n d
id
poorly a
t Math
s, Latin
and G
reek. H
e like
d
Histo
ry and E
nglish
, and
did
well in
these
subje
cts.
His E
nglish
teacher
Robe
rt Som
erve
ll help
ed
him
develo
p h
is writin
g
and sp
eakin
g skills.
Page C
1874 – When C
hurchill Was B
orn...
• Queen Victoria w
as on the throne.
• Britain w
as an Empire.
• William
Gladstone and B
enjamin D
israelidom
inated Parliament.
• There was no electricity.
• People traveled by train, and most
took holidays in British seaside
resorts like Blackpool.
• The big political question was if
the Irish should rule themselves.
• Guns and horses w
ere thew
eapons of war.
• People entertained themselves by
reading, attending public lecturesand going to m
usic halls.
4. It’s 1899. While serving in the m
ilitary in South Africa,
you are captured and taken Prisoner of War. W
hat would you
do? What qualities of leadership are required?
5. It’s 1904. You are a Conservative
Mem
ber of Parliament representing
the town of O
ldham. The
Conservatives w
ant a tariff on goodsim
ported from outside the Em
pire,but a tariff w
ill hurt your voters.W
hat would you do? W
hat qualitiesof leadership are required?
6. It’s 1908. You are the Presidentof the B
oard of Trade, responsiblefor com
merce &
industry. You want
to tackle poverty and poor livingconditions, to help hardw
orkingpeople live better lives. W
hat would
you do? What qualities of leadership
are required?
Win
ston C
hurc
hill
was a
qualifie
d
bric
klaye
r!
He b
uilt lo
ts of b
rick
walls a
t his h
om
e,
Chartw
ell.
Win
ston C
hurc
hill
was m
ade a
priso
ner
of w
ar d
urin
g the
Boer W
ar.
He e
scaped, w
rote
a b
ook a
bout it a
nd
becam
e fa
mous.
1901Queen V
ictoria dies1903 W
right Brothers’ first flight
1939 World W
ar II Begins
1924-25M
P forEpping
1925Rejoins
Conservatives
1930'sW
ildernessYears
1939-40
First Lord of theAdm
iralty(Again!)
1904Leaves the ConservativeParty to join the Liberals
1903Under-Secretary of State
for the Colonies
Page D
... When C
hurchill Died – 1965
• Queen Elizabeth II w
as on the throne.
• The Age of the B
ritish Empire had declined.
• Harold W
ilson was Prim
e Minister.
• Most people travelled by bus, car or train – andoccasionally jet plane.
• The political issue was Rhodesia’s illegal claim
toindependence.
• Atom
ic Bom
bs were the
weapons of w
ar.
• The Beatles w
ere taking thew
orld by storm w
ith theirunique type of Rock ’n Roll.
• People listened to the radioor w
atched television.
Take A W
alk in Winston Churchill’s Shoes
Each of the following is a situation w
hich Winston Churchill encountered
in his lifetime
What w
ould you do if it happened to you?
1. It’s 1893. You don’t enjoy school, particularly Maths and
Latin. You want to go to Sandhurst M
ilitary Academ
y, but youfail the Entrance Exam
– twice. W
hat would you do? W
hatqualities of leadership are required?
2. It’s 1895. You are a 2nd Lieutenant in the 4th Hussars,
earning a salary equal to £7,500 per year. You will be traveling
around the world w
ith the British m
ilitary. You need some
way to supplem
ent your income. W
hat would you do? W
hatqualities of leadership are required?
3. It’s 1896. You’re posted to India on a boring military
assignment. You don’t see m
uch action, except on the polofield. You w
ant to become a poltician, but your education
won’t get you very far. W
hat would you do? W
hat qualitiesof leadership are required?
1909 Invention of Plastic
1927 BB
C is founded
1921-22Secretary of State for
the Colonies
1922-24O
ut ofParliam
ent
1924-29Chancellor of the
Exchequer
1906-1908M
P for North-W
estM
anchester
1908M
arriesClem
entine Hozier
1908-1910President of theBoard of Trade
Win
ston C
hurc
hill
took flyin
g lesso
ns,
but h
e n
eve
r learn
ed
how
to fly.
Page E
1912 The T
itanic sinks1914 - 1919 W
orld War I
1908-12M
P for Dundee.
1910-11H
ome Secretary
1911-15First Lord of the
Admiralty
1915-16O
n active war
service in France
1917-18M
inister ofM
unitions
1919-21Secretary of State
for War and Air
Winston C
hurchill’s SpeechesI w
ould say to the House, as I said to those w
ho have joined thisgovernm
ent: "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat."
May 13th, 1940
You ask, what is our aim
? I can answer
in one word: It is victory, victory at all
costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory,how
ever long and hard the road may
be; for without victory, there is no
survival....M
ay 13th, 1940W
e shall fight in France,w
e shall fight on theseas and oceans... w
eshall defend our Island,w
hatever the cost may
be, we shall fight on the
beaches, we shall fight
on the landing grounds,w
e shall fight in thefields and in the streets,w
e shall fight in the hills;w
e shall neversurrender....
June 4th, 1940
Let us ... so bear ourselves that, if the British Em
pire and itsC
omm
onwealth last for a thousand years, m
en will still say,
"This was their finest hour."
June 4th, 1940
Never in the field of hum
an conflict was so m
uchow
ed by so many to so few
.A
ugust 20th, 1940
This is the lesson: never givein, never give in, never, never,never, never —
in nothing,great or sm
all, large or petty—
never give in except toconvictions of honour andgood sense.
October 29, 1941
God bless you all. This is your victory! It is the victory of the
cause of freedom in every land. In all our long history w
ehave never seen a greater day than this. Everyone, m
an orw
oman, has done their best. Everyone has tried. N
either thelong years, nor the dangers, nor the fierce attacks of theenem
y, have in any way w
eakened the independent resolveof the B
ritish nation. God bless you all.
Victory in E
urope Day, M
ay 8, 1945
Win
ston C
hurc
hill w
rote
and
deliv
ere
d so
me o
f the b
est
speeches in
all o
f histo
ry.
Page F