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Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties to Partial Safety factors Calibration Nantes, 28 September – 01 October, 2015 Jimmy Colliers

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Page 1: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures

Training School COST Action TU1303

EUROMEM: From Uncertainties to Partial Safety factors Calibration

Nantes, 28 September – 01 October, 2015

Jimmy Colliers

Page 2: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Reliability of wind design for tensile surface structures

• SLS and ULS

• Collapses

Wind Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures

Page 3: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Research Questions in Literature

Complex influence of wind loading on the structural behaviour: organic shapes, low self-weight, flexibility…

• The structural typology of membrane architecture is ignored by building regulations, even no information is

provided about preliminary design or about wind loads. Detailed investigations on the complex aerodynamic

behaviour of double curved structures are required. (Rizzo et al., 2011; Rizzo et al., 2012)

• The design wind force coefficients are influenced by the supporting system, the load conditions, the load paths,

the roof stiffness, the shape and the deformations of membrane structures. (Nagai et al., 2010) (Takeda et al., 2014)

• The wind induced response of a membrane structure as a result of the wind-structure cannot be accounted by

conventional analysis methods. Importance of aerodynamic damping and added mass should be further

investigated. (Sun et al., 2008; Xuanyi et al., 2013)

State of the Art document – Literature Review

Page 4: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Limited representative research

• Hyperbolic paraboloid roofs

(Otto, 1954; Rizzo et al., 2011; Rizzo et al., 2012)

• Conical or Horn shaped roofs

(Burton and Gosling, 2003; Elnokaly et al., 2004; Nagai et al., 2012, 2011, 2010)

• Specific case studies

(Baglin, 2002; Balz et al., 2004; Carradine, 1998; Michalski et al., 2004)

State of the Art document – Literature Review

Page 5: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

State of the Art document – Literature Review

Approaches in Wind Design

Wind Loads (Cp-values) + Structural Finite Elements (FEA)

• Approximations based on Conventional Standards (Eurocode)

• Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel testing

• Computational Fluid dynamics

Appropriate wind pressure data is essential to provide confidence in the analysis and design process

Page 6: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Approximations based on Conventional Standards + Structural Finite Elements

• Pressure coefficient distributions of conventional building typologies

• No information about double curved surfaces

• Nature of textiles not considered

Conventional Standards are insufficient for tensile surface structures, dynamics actions, flexible deformations

State of the Art document – Literature Review

NBN EN 1991-1-4:2005 (BIN., 2005)

Page 7: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Design (Jan Roekens)

• Low-tech disaster shelter

S(p)eedkits – Clever Roof

Page 8: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Design (Jan Roekens)

• Low-tech disaster shelter

• Flat tarp of highly stretchable membrane (4m x 6m)

• Slightly anticlastic configuration

S(p)eedkits – Clever Roof

Page 9: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Wind Loading

• Static calculations (EASY) SLS and ULS

• EN 1991 – 1 – 4: Duo-pitch canopy

• Simple overall force coefficients

• Extensive pressure coefficient distribution

S(p)eedkits – Clever Roof

Page 10: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Wind Loading

• Longitudinal wind down (symmetric loading)

• Longitudinal wind up (symmetric loading)

S(p)eedkits – Clever Roof

Unloaded equilibrium state

Wind Loading: Simple force coefficients

Wind loading: Extensive pressure coefficient distribution

Page 11: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Wind Tunnel Testing + Structural Finite Elements

• Direct pressure measurements by pressure scanner (rigid models)

• Reaction measurements by load cell (rigid or aeroelastic models)

• Deformation measurements by optical sensors (aeroelastic models)

Wind Tunnel testing is complex and expensive

State of the Art document – Literature Review

a. Pressure scanner b. Load cell c. Optical sensors

Rigid models Rigid or Aero-elastic models Aero-elastic models

Three main wind analysis approaches on membrane structures (Nagai et al., 2011)

Page 12: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Computational Fluid Dynamics + Computational Structural Dynamics

• Multi-field problem

• Partitioned approach with reference updating strategy (Sun et al., 2012; Kupzok, 2009; Wüchner, 2006)

• CFD module: Incompressible Reynonds Average Navier Stokes (RANS) + Large Eddy Simulations (LES)

• CSD module: geometrically nonlinear elastodynamics

• Coupling module: Mesh-based parallel Code Coupling Interface (MpCCI)

Computational Fluid dynamics is sceptical approached

State of the Art document – Literature Review

Page 13: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Reliability of wind design for tensile surface structures

• How accurate is wind design while applying wind load estimations based on rough approximations referring to

conventional building typologies from existing codes?

• To which extend are we designing safe structures by relying on the conservative static approach and ignoring

the fluid-structure interaction due to flexibility of the structure?

Accurate wind load analysis has to be investigated, development of Eurocode Section

State of the Art document – Literature Review

Page 14: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Collating wind data for the basic shapes of tensioned membrane structures

• Launched: January 2015

CEN/TC 250; COST Action TU1303; TensiNews 28

• 5 subscriptions (4 BLWT – 1 CFD)

• Some relevant literature

• Closing deadline: September 2015

Analysis and dissemination of results

ROUND ROBIN exercise III

Page 15: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Data Forms

• Form 1: Test Setup

• Form 2: Model specifications

• Form 3: Wind data measurements

ROUND ROBIN exercise III

Wind tunnel test on a hypar canopy (Colliers, 2014)

Page 16: Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures · Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures Training School COST Action TU1303 EUROMEM: From Uncertainties

Wind-Structure Interactions of Tensile Surface Structures

Behaviour under wind loading by numerically and experimentally studying pressure coefficients (Cp-values)

• WP1: Rigid flat and duo-pitch roof structures (EC1 – part 1.4)

• WP2: Rigid hyperbolic paraboloid roof structures (shape dependency of Cp values)

• WP3: Flexible hyperbolic paraboloid roof structures (materials and pre-tension)

• WP4: Hyperbolic paraboloid membrane structure (integrated numerical simulation)

• WP5: Evaluate the accuracy of the current approach in design

FWO mandate – PhD Thesis