wildfires - niu · lightening ymajority by human carelessness ... wildfires 11 31 ... microsoft...
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Wildfires
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1NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
2NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
3NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Unplanned fire in natural setting5 million acres every yearMillions of dollars in damageSpread at a rate of 14 mphEmbers in wind can cause other fires
Unplanned fire in natural setting5 million acres every yearMillions of dollars in damageSpread at a rate of 14 mphEmbers in wind can cause other fires
- Wildfire Definition -
Wildfires
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4NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Growing natural hazardFire suppression leads to more severe future firesGrowing natural hazardFire suppression leads to more severe future fires
- Wildfire Definition -(continued)
5NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Planned fireLand management techniqueMany benefits
Stimulates germination of vegetation Reduces fuel for future fires Improves habitats Controls competing vegetation Improves short-term forage for grazing Increase accessibility
Planned fireLand management techniqueMany benefits
Stimulates germination of vegetation Reduces fuel for future fires Improves habitats Controls competing vegetation Improves short-term forage for grazing Increase accessibility
- Controlled Burning -
6NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Naturally Sun Lightening
Majority by human carelessness Arson Campfires Cigarettes Matches or fireworks Burning debris Prescribed fires
- Cause of Wildfires -Naturally
Sun Lightening
Majority by human carelessness Arson Campfires Cigarettes Matches or fireworks Burning debris Prescribed fires
Wildfires
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7NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Past 200 years Severity has increased Frequency has decreased
2004 over 8 million acres burned1988 over 1.2 million acres burned in Yellowstone National Park
Past 200 years Severity has increased Frequency has decreased
2004 over 8 million acres burned1988 over 1.2 million acres burned in Yellowstone National Park
- Hazards -
8NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
9NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Wildfire history Recent weatherCommunity’s response capabilities
Roads marked? Roads wide enough? House visible?
Wildfire history Recent weatherCommunity’s response capabilities
Roads marked? Roads wide enough? House visible?
- Assess Risk -
Wildfires
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10NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Fire Potential Index (FPI) Depicts wildfire potential Satellite-derived information Updated daily
GeoMAC Internet-based wildfire mapping tools http://geomac.usgs.gov
- Assessment Tools -
Fire Potential Index (FPI) Depicts wildfire potential Satellite-derived information Updated daily
GeoMAC Internet-based wildfire mapping tools http://geomac.usgs.gov
11NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
- Wildfire Map -Wildfire greater than 250 acres from 1980 to 2003
12NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
- Ware Fire Case Study -Fire consumed 26,000 acres in Palm Coast, Florida
Wildfires
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13NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
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<< ATTENTION >>
14NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
15NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Safety zone (at least 30 feet) Clear debris Keep vegetation to a minimum Replace highly flammable vegetation Extend the zone further if on a hill Consider swimming pools, patios, and stone
walls beneficial
- Property Mitigation -
Wildfires
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16NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Safety zone (continued) Eliminate fuel adjacent to the building Remove vines from walls Move shrubs away from the building Remember the 15-Foot Rule:
- Prune branches and shrubs- Remove tree limbs- Create space between tree crowns
Cut the lawn
- Property Mitigation -(continued)
17NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Secondary safety zone (100 feet) Avoid mulch Stack firewood 100 feet away and uphill Properly store fuels and combustibles Remember the second 15-Foot Rule:
- Gas grill and propane tank- Area around grill- Create space between tree crowns
Ask power company to clear branches
- Property Mitigation -(continued)
18NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Choose locations wiselyUse:
Fire resistant siding Non-combustible roof Safety glass windows and doors
Avoid wooden decksDevelop an external water supplyBury power lines
- Building Mitigation -Choose locations wiselyUse:
Fire resistant siding Non-combustible roof Safety glass windows and doors
Avoid wooden decksDevelop an external water supplyBury power lines
Wildfires
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19NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Remove debris from decksEnclose eaves and overhangs Cover ventsInstall spark arrestors
- Building Maintenance -
Remove debris from decksEnclose eaves and overhangs Cover ventsInstall spark arrestors
20NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Do not smokeDo not park cars on dry grass Inspect your campsiteDo not remove burning sticks from a fireDo not have fireworks on public landKeep heat sources away from flammable objectsKeep flammable fuels safeDo not use a heat source inside tent
- Recreational Areas -Do not smokeDo not park cars on dry grass Inspect your campsiteDo not remove burning sticks from a fireDo not have fireworks on public landKeep heat sources away from flammable objectsKeep flammable fuels safeDo not use a heat source inside tent
21NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Wildfires
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22NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
23NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Call 9-1-1Evacuate Remove combustiblesClose/protect openingClose inside doorsOpen damperShut off gasStore waterProvide ladder
- First Steps -Call 9-1-1Evacuate Remove combustiblesClose/protect openingClose inside doorsOpen damperShut off gasStore waterProvide ladder
24NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Back car into garageShut garage doors Remove valuablesTurn on outside lightsDon’t lock up
- Leaving Home -Back car into garageShut garage doors Remove valuablesTurn on outside lightsDon’t lock up
Wildfires
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25NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Roll up windowsClose air vents Drive slowly with headlights onIf stopped
Park away from trees Turn headlights on/ignition off Get on floor Cover up Stay in vehicle
- Survival in Vehicle -Roll up windowsClose air vents Drive slowly with headlights onIf stopped
Park away from trees Turn headlights on/ignition off Get on floor Cover up Stay in vehicle
26NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
At home Stay calm Go inside the house
In the open Seek shelter Avoid canyons Seek depression with
sparse fuel Lie face down Cover
- Trapped by Fire -At home
Stay calm Go inside the house
In the open Seek shelter Avoid canyons Seek depression with
sparse fuel Lie face down Cover
27NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Hotshots Build firebreaks to prevent fire spread Employed by U.S. Forest Service
Smokejumpers Put out small blazes in remote areas Employed by Bureau of Land Mgmt U.S. Forest Service
- Firefighters -Hotshots
Build firebreaks to prevent fire spread Employed by U.S. Forest Service
Smokejumpers Put out small blazes in remote areas Employed by Bureau of Land Mgmt U.S. Forest Service
Wildfires
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28NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
29NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Check roof and atticIf fire, get helpMaintain a fire watch
- First Steps -Check roof and atticIf fire, get helpMaintain a fire watch
30NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
ErosionSecondary wildfiresDebris flowsContaminated water
ErosionSecondary wildfiresDebris flowsContaminated water
- Aftermath -
Wildfires
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31NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
July 1994, a wildfire near Glenwood Springs, Colo. Burned 2,000 acres of forestSeptember 1994, torrential rains triggered debris flows
Inundated a 3-mile stretch of Interstate 70 Tons of mud, rock, and other debris Engulfed 30 cars Serious injuries, no deaths
- Colorado Case Study 1 -July 1994, a wildfire near Glenwood Springs, Colo. Burned 2,000 acres of forestSeptember 1994, torrential rains triggered debris flows
Inundated a 3-mile stretch of Interstate 70 Tons of mud, rock, and other debris Engulfed 30 cars Serious injuries, no deaths
32NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
In May 1996, an 11,900-acre fire burned most of the Buffalo Creek and Spring Creek watersheds
Strontia Springs Reservoir Supplies 75 percent water for Denver and Aurora
Two months after the fire Thunderstorm caused flooding Two deaths
Deterioration of water quality Floating debris High manganese High phosphate
In May 1996, an 11,900-acre fire burned most of the Buffalo Creek and Spring Creek watersheds
Strontia Springs Reservoir Supplies 75 percent water for Denver and Aurora
Two months after the fire Thunderstorm caused flooding Two deaths
Deterioration of water quality Floating debris High manganese High phosphate
- Colorado Case Study 2 -
33NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007
Wildfires
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34NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY –– COPYRIGHT 2007COPYRIGHT 2007