Republic of the PhilippinesCagayan State UniversityCARIG CAMPUSCarig Sur, Tuguegarao Cityhttp://www.csucarig.edu.ph/cics.htm

COLLEGE of INFORMATION and COMPUTING SCIENCES

WHY STUDENTSRESORT TO CHEATING?

Introduction

Modernization creates a massive effect on the intellect of every individual and on their morals as well. It makes the students to be so lax and leads them do unnecessary things. Most people have heard or witnessed someone cheating, be it at a game, at work, or during a sporting event.

Cheating is one of the ethical issues which we have chosen. It is defined as presenting someone elses work as your own. Cheating also refers to an immoral way of achieving a goal, such as cheating in exam. It is generally used for the breaking of rules to gain unfair advantage in a competitive situation. With regards to students behavior, cheating is very rampant in todays generation as compared in the past.

Cheating at school is often a group effort, with one student collecting answers from a test and passing them on to friends within a group. Students are often able to memorize only the answers in a short amount of time prior to class, though some invent ways to write the answers in code on a hand or concealed piece of paper.

Students are tempted to cheat because of the gadgets which can provide them answer by just one click on it. They may simply point and click their way to site, swipe and paste it, reformatting it somewhat and its yours.Theres an old saying that states ignorance of the law is no excuse, and when it comes to cheating, that old saying holds up. If you cheat, even by accident, youre risking your academic career.Everyone knows what happen to someone when they get caught cheating, but what are the long term implications of not getting caught? Who is affected?

This research is conceived to study the bad side of students who are fun of doing academic dishonesty. They're just good people who are put in bad situation. But if its doing very often, it could bring serious consequences.

II. Statement of the problem.

1. What are the reasons why students cheat on exam?

2. What should teachers do to prevent cheating?

III. LITERATURE REVIEWCheating has been on the rise in recent years, according to a2010 study from the Josephson Institute of Ethics. Among current high school students, 75 percent admit to cheating on tests, homework, and other assignments. Fifty percent have cheated on exams during the past year, and 34 percent have cheated on more than one test. One out of every three students has used the Internet to plagiarize an assignment. Research indicates similar trends among college students and even graduate students.Cheating in school has also been linked to similar, unethical behaviors once young people are out in the "real world." Not every young person who cheats on an algebra test will go on to commit insider trading, hatch a Ponzi scheme, or plagiarize a story for a major newspaper. However, early habits and rationalizations can pave the way for potentially damaging decisions later in life. Many cheaters do get caught, both in school and in the real world, upending lives and ruining reputations. We know that cheating behaviors are well-established by high school; the stakes of a test may influence the probability of cheating; and parents and educators may unintentionally aggravate the problem with pressure for results over learning.This research will discuss first the General Background, The Role of Technology in Cheating and Cheating through the Ages.General Background: Cheating is seen by many as a means to a profitable end, a way to obtain the highest grades in order to gain admission to the best universities. Students who do not cheat are not only at a disadvantage, but can be viewed as fools for not playing the system, a system that has grown tolerant of cheating with few punishments. This system continues to place more and more emphasis on getting the grade by any means possible. The benefits of individual learning are no longer seen as a goal or focus.According Donald McCabe, Professor and Associate Provost, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Founder ofThe Center for Academic Integrity,"Students feel justified in what they are doing. They are cheating because they see others cheating and they think they are being unfairly disadvantaged. The only way many of them feel they can stay in the game, to get into the right school, is to cheat as well."Cheating Through the Ages:Pre-School:Although little research exists about cheating among pre-school and elementary school students, the following information has been presented by Janis Jacobs, a specialist in social development and associate professor at Pennsylvania State University.At the Pre-School level children understand that cheating is morally wrong, as opposed to a social transgression (i.e. eating with their fingers). Because moral development consists of their own needs vs. punishment, they are prone to cheat in order to win.At 5-6 years of age many children cheat if the opportunity arises. In one study of this age group, 84% knew that cheating was not allowed. However, 56% cheated. This is primarily true because they have an inability to inhibit their actions at this age.Elementary School:Although elementary age children (ages 6-10) are presented with more opportunities and motivation to cheat, most believe that it is wrong, but that it depends on the specific incident (i.e. "Johnny was sad because he didn't know the answers, so I let him copy mine."). Additionally, elementary age children do not believe that cheating is common, and admit that it is hard to resist when others suggest breaking the rules. At this age the need for approval is related to cheating, and finally, boys cheat more frequently than girlsMiddle School:Most research shows that cheating begins to set in during the middle school years (ages 11 13). According to The Josephson Institute of Ethics, "The evidence is fairly clear that cheating begins in the middle school fairly seriously and escalates in the higher grades, 10th, 11th and 12th grades, because that's when the stakes are highest. It doesn't seem as if it's necessarily a dispositional thing, like they've never thought of cheating before. It's that there isn't much reason to cheat in the elementary school."According to Jacobs, research at this age shows that middle schoolers are motivated to cheat because of the emphasis placed on grades. In one study, 2/3 of middle school students report cheating on exams; 90% copy homework. Furthermore, even those who say that cheating is wrong will cheat. The bottom line: If a child's goal is to get a good grade, he is more likely to cheat.High School:Research has shown that the incidence of academic cheating among high school students has risen to all-time highs. The studies conducted byWho's Who Among American High School Students,as well as those conducted by The Josephson Institute, are just a few of the many that demonstrate the problem. In addition, a 1997 Connecticut Department of Public Health survey of 12,000 students showed that 63% of 11th graders and 62% of ninth graders reported cheating on an exam in the previous 12 months."In the past it was the struggling student who was more likely to cheat, just to get by," according to Michael Josephson. "Today, while it is becoming almost impossible to flunk out, it is the above-average, college-bound students who are cheating. As a matter of fact, cheating is higher among college-bound kids than any other group."College bound students are expected to be all they can be to get into a selective college. They need to get the best grades, play the best sports, perform community service, etc. The pressure can be overwhelming leading many students to cheat or plagiarize.According to Stephen Davis, a psychology professor at Emporia State University in Kansas: "about 20% of college students from across the nation admitted to cheating in high school during the 1940's. That percentage has since soared, with no fewer than 75% and as many as 98% of 8,000 college students surveyed each year now reporting cheating in high school and the majority admitting doing it on several occasions.Josephson adds, "We've never heard things like, We have too much homework,' it is more of, I'm involved in basketball, I'm involved in the Glee Club and I'm involved in ' They have tons and tons of activities, and schoolwork is only part of it, and therefore, part of the justification they make is: Since I can't do it all, we have to cut somewhere, and, what's the big deal."

Higher Education:"Cheating is more widespread at the nation's colleges and universities than it was years ago because it no longer carries the stigma it used to. Less social disapproval and increased competition for spots in graduate schools have made students more willing to do whatever it takes to get the grades," so says Professor McCabe. "If a student feels disadvantaged because others are cheating and seeming to get away with it, they'll say: I'm not stupid enough to blow my chances by not doing the same." McCabe also comments that many schools stopped paying serious attention to cheating as they felt the need to focus more on problems such as campus safety and substance abuse.Why students cheat?Why Some Students Cheat Nowadays, there are many popular ways for students to cheat in exams. Some students take their notes into the examination rooms. Some students ask their friends the answers by whispering while taking the exams. And some students just try to copy the answers of students who sit in front of them without caring how similar to giraffes they are. It is interesting to focus on the question that why some students still keep cheating in exams even though they know that the punishments of university are getting so tougher and tougher that every single semester many students have to drop their education. There are three main reasons why some students cheat in exams; being afraid of failure, having no ability, and wanting to take risks. Being afraid of failure is the most important reason for some students to cheat in exams. Some students think that if they fail the exams, they will have a lot of the following problems. For example, their parents will complain them about bad grades, their friends will look down and laugh at them, and they guess that the light of their educational futures will be darker too. They will get stressed if they cannot do the exams as well as they hope. And those factors will lead them to cheat in exams. In short, some students are afraid that they will have many problems if they fail the exams, so they start to cheat. Having no ability to do exams is the next reason that causes some students cheating. There are a few cases for this reason. Some students do not have their own self-confidences. Some students cannot do the exams because they are too difficult. And some students unreasonably judge themselves that they are not smart enough to pass the exams. Instead of studying hard, paying attention to classes, reviewing lessons, and doing exercises, they try to cheat in exams. In fine, some students do not try hard enough to pass the exams and it is terrible that their solution is cheating.Its no secret that students cheat. On exams, on papers, on projects: no matter the assignment, someone out there has figured out a way to cheat on it. And the statistics are alarming: two out of three college students admit they have cheated on homework, and 19% have cheated on exams, according to a recent study.Whether its because of shifting morals or access to technology, its clear that cheating is as prevalent as ever. If youre a teacher who wants to crack down on cheaters or a student who wants to take the easy way through school (shame on you!), these are the most common ways students around you are cheating.1. Looking at someone elses answers during an exam happens, but its much more common for students to copy a peers homework routinely. Many students dont even see it as cheating. Not only is it unfair to the student who is actually doing the assignments and being taken advantage of, it hurts the person doing the copying as well. By copying homework, students dont practice what theyve learned and perform worse on exams. One study found that copying homework can cause a student to score two letter grades below those who completed their homework on an exam testing the material. Remember, practice makes perfect, and practicing cheating wont help you in the long run.2. Some cheaters are learning one thing: you get what you pay for. There is a world out there that honest students cant even comprehend the term paper market. Academic papers (and grades) are bought and sold like any other good. There are many different options for finding a term paper to turn in (besides the obvious, do-it-yourself option), some free, some a little pricey. Free term paper sites, like OPPapers.com and BigNerds.com, have a small selection and lower quality. Sites with papers for purchase, like AcademicTermPapers.com and PaperStore.net, sell term papers with a per-page price and actually earn students Bs frequently. And some wealthier students even hire someone to custom-write their essays. If you fall into any of these camps, you better cross your fingers that your professor doesnt ask you any follow-up questions about what youve "written."3. Smuggling a cheat sheet into a test is so common that youd think teachers wouldve figured out how to spot it by now, but students keep getting more and more creative. If they would put as much time into studying as they do into imagining ways to cheat, theyd probably do just fine. Students have come up with ways to hide cheat sheets in their pen caps, wallets, ID badges, gum wrappers, Band-Aids, and basically anything you can think of. But if youre trying this, you better be sly. Its hard not to look suspicious when continuously checking that piece of toilet paper stuck to your shoe.4. Cellphones have made it much easier for students to cheat; instead of passing obvious paper notes during an exam, they can discreetly text a friend for answers. More than a third of teens with cellphones in 2009 admitted they had used them to either store information for a test or to text a friend during an exam. In the same 2009 study, researchers found that almost 25% of students didnt even think that was cheating. Maybe if a teacher sent them a text message defining cheating it would get through to them.5. The camera technology in cellphones has also presented a challenge to teachers and education officials. Even if a student isnt using his cellphone to text the answers to a friend, he could easily snap a photo of the test questions and send it to a friend taking the test later or post it on the Internet. Earlier this year, California encountered this problem on a major scale regarding its high school exit exam. Hundreds of photos of the standardized test popped up on social networking sites; some were innocent, like students posing proudly with the exam booklet, while others were clearly taken for the purpose of cheating.6. Writing papers arent everyones strong suit, but thats not a good reason to copy and paste your writing from someone else's work. With the Internet, its easier than ever to find brilliant words that fit your assignment, and you can just use the handy copy-paste function to transfer paragraphs in seconds. But the Web also makes it easier for teachers to catch cheaters. A quick Google search of suspicious phrases can quickly locate sources you do not cite, and Turnitin.com has become a favorite for discovering how much of an assignment was plagiarized.7. Some studies find that sorority and fraternity members cheat more than other American students. This could be a result of the easily accessible test banks many fraternities and sororities maintain. The organizations keep tests from certain classes and professors on file, and current members just add to the collection as they take updated tests, different courses, or new professors. This isnt necessarily cheating if the professor knows that his test is being distributed and changes it every term, but many courses use thesame test questions for years without knowing the answers are stored in a Greek systems test bank.Cheating With Technology Educators are showing serious concern about cheating in high schools, and for good reason. Cheating has become commonplace in high schools, largely because students are using technology to gather and share information in rather innovation ways. Since students are a little more tech-savvy than many adults, grownups are always playing catch-up when it comes to finding out what students are up to. But this technology-centered cat-and-mouse activity can be fatal to your educational future. Students start to blur the ethical boundaries and think its OK to do many things, simply because theyve gotten away with them in the past. Theres a big catch to blurring the line when it comes to cheating. While parents and high school teachers might be less savvy than their students about using cell phones and calculators to share work, and too overworked to catch cheaters, college professors are a little different. They have graduate assistants, college honor courts, and cheat-detecting software that they can tap into. The bottom line is that students can develop habits in high school that will get them expelled when they use them in college, and sometimes students wont even realize their habits are illegal. Unintentional CheatingSince students use tools and techniques that have not been used before, they might not always know what really constitutes cheating. For your information, the following activities constitute cheating. They can get you kicked out of college. Buying a paper from an Internet site Sharing homework answers via IMs, email, text messaging, or any other device Using a whiteboard to share answers Having another student write a paper for you Cutting and pasting text from the Internet without citing it Using sample essays from the Internet Using text messaging to tell somebody else an answer Programming notes into your calculator Taking and/or sending a cell phone picture of test material or notes Video recording lectures with cell phones and replaying during test Surfing web for answers during a test Using a pager to receive information during a test Viewing notes on your PDA, electronic calendar, cell phone, or other device during a test Storing definitions in a graphing calculator or cell phone Breaking in to the teachers computer files Using a watch to hold notes Using a laser pen to write and send answersIf youve been transmitting answers to homework or test questions, theres a pretty good chance youve been cheatingeven though it might have been unintentional.

Cheating to Make the Grade? Crime in Education ExploredThe pressure on students to succeed both academically and in all other aspects of their lives has never been greater. Beginning in the earliest years of their education, students face ever-mounting expectations to excel in their studies, to devote themselves to at least one sport or other extracurricular activity, and to develop specialized interests and skills that will eventually lead them to a career path. By high school, most college-bound students are also expected to perform some form of community service or volunteer work. On top of all of this, these kids also need (and want) to be happy, well-rounded people, with friends and hobbies and interests unattached to the pursuit of a bright future. And the pressure only mounts once they do get into college. The fierce competition for internships, jobs, and graduate school slots means that starting freshman year, students must again begin scrambling to find ways of setting themselves apart and surpassing the status.In this pressure-cooker environment, it is perhaps no wonder that students of all ages look for ways to cut corners in order to save time or make themselves seem exceptional. In fact, a recent study by The Josephson Institute of Ethics revealed that 71 percent of high schoolers admitted to cheating on an assignment in the past 12 months. And according to Education-Portal.com,between 75 and 98 percent of college students admit to cheating today up from 20 percent in 1940. Cheating has always, to a greater or lesser extent, been a part of student life, and in this day and age many students would argue that its the only way to stay ahead of the game.More surprising than the frequency of cheating is the profusion and variety of opportunities for academic crime now available to students. The perceived increase in the need for academic excellence, combined with the extraordinary ease and speed with which information can now be exchanged via the Internet, have given rise to an entirely new kind of Black Market specializing in education. These accessories to crime in education run the gamut from shady, $10-per-paper Craigslist deals, to full-fledged operations, such as diploma mills and ghostwriting companies. Some of these engage students in academic crime without the students necessarily realizing it. Others profess merely to want to help struggling students, while making it all too easy for their clientele to cross the line into cheating. And while the punishment for students caught cheating is quite severe at many schools, the people and organizations that facilitate academic crime seem to go mostly unchecked and unreprimanded.

Outsourcing Term PapersThe single most common form of academic dishonesty is plagiarism: copying or referencing anothers work without proper citation. This offense can range from using an argument or an explanation from a piece of literary criticism without citing the source, all the way up to turning in an entire paper written by somebody else. It is the latter practice that has resulted in a booming business in paper ghostwriting. According to a 2009 CNN report, there are at least 250 Web sites where students can buy reports and research papers, often referred to as paper mills. Prices range according to the length and quality of the paper desired, with most landing in the $50-$100 range. There are also countless other sites that offer papers for free.Regardless of price, the quality of these papers nearly always leaves something to be desired. This may be in large part because the papers are very often written by non-native English speakers in countries such as Pakistan, India, Ukraine, and Indonesia. Other factors contributing to low quality include the fact that many papers are pre-written, rather than customized to the buyers specific assignment; and even with customized papers, deadlines are generally too short to allow for truly in-depth research and analysis. Then too, there is the fact that the rate of pay is generally well below the industry standard for freelance writers, so even professional writers who sell papers for extra cash are not likely to put in the kind of effort they otherwise might.The punishment for students caught plagiarizing their papers varies from school to school and even classroom to classroom.

Many teachers and professors nowadays have access to software programs that check passages from students papers against vast databases of material from the Internet. And even without a plagiarism detector, an instructor can often spot a downloaded paper from the shoddy scholarship, inconsistent style, or lack of focus on the assignment. As one teacher explained, Im a professor who has no trouble spotting purchased or plagiarized papers. Our university even has software that one can use to scan suspicious papers and determine if they were plagiarized from an online site. I rarely have to use it, however, since I can easily determine on my own whether a paper is a particular students original work. Ive busted my share of students, and in accordance with my universitys policy, some of them were expelled. All of them received a failing grade for the courses in which they cheated, and their transcripts were marked with the notation failed for reasons of academic dishonesty. Expulsion is indeed common practice at some universities, but more often the penalty for plagiarism is somewhat less harsh, and ranges from being forced to redo the assignment with a cap on the potential grade to failing the assignment or the class or being asked to pay a fine. The paper mills, meanwhile, face no threat of castigation. The majority advertise themselves as study sites, and maintain that the papers they sell are for reference purposes only, never to be turned in as original work.

iv. DATA GatheredThe respondents of this study are the students of Cagayan State University who comes from different colleges. The respondents were classified to be enrolled under the said school whom we interview. Based on our survey, between 80 and 90 percent of the students we interviewed admitted to cheating in exam and 75 percent admitted that they had cheated on a paper or a take-home Assignment.

And here are some of the feedbacks we get from the different students coming from the different Colleges of Cagayan State University.According to Mr. Jerome Valiente, a student from College of Business Entrepreneurship and Accountancy who experience cheating said that its easier to cheat rather to review which consumes more time. In todays generation, most of the students were lack of interest to listen to the teacher especially when a teacher/professor doesnt invoke any interesting activity that could catch up the interest of the students. However, some says that even if they review their lessons there were still some teachers whom they believed that were fun of favoritism in class. You cant refrain students from comparing their grades from one another and if they started to belief that something is unfair, they feel so justified in cheating.Another student says that Students cheat because of their parents pressure and teachers expectations. Parents and teachers wish for us to get high grades. Because of that strong pressure, this leads to students cheating. There were also some circumstances that students were given surprise quizzes, when some cant stick to their faith and are influenced by others. These students feel unhappy when they realize that other students marks are higher than theirs by means of cheating.Hence, every person has the ability to cheat specially on complicated situations; they are force to cheat because sometimes, we can predict the outcome of something we are doing. We cheat because we dont want to get a failing grade.According to Mr. Basilio Matammu(from the College Human Kinetics), we dont want to get failing grades, we are force to cheat because it is our only choice specially we did not understand the lesson or even we review on it. Another is that, according to Ms. Rachel Leah Malana, a Computer Science student, Student resort to cheating because they are maybe too desperate to get higher grade. Students also cheat when they are stressed maybe? Or they might also cheat because they believe something is unfair, so feel justified in cheating.

In this situation, a teacher must be strict on giving policies. According to Mrs. Emilie Bagunu who is a teacher in Binguang Elementary school, I as a teacher, I must teach the lesson well using different teaching techniques and styles in order that the students will fully understand the lesson and also produce an environment for a conducive leaving or in other words make my room as a place for one to enjoy learning activities and have a say in what one needs and wants to learn, another thing is to let students have a good habit, encourage them well and give an emphasis to the importance of honesty. Another is Ms. Reynalyn Battad, who is a teacher at Antipolo, Elementary School, she can only say that truly students are resort to cheating, because according to his/her students, they are afraid to be failed in the subject, having no ability, they did not know the answer, because they did not review their lessons, so they depends on what their classmates answers.They dont trust their selves if what they can do. It is also a kind of stealing because some students just try to copy the answers of their classmates without knowing of the owners answers. They dont care how similar to giraffes they are. To get a high grades they intend to cheat for the sake of passing their grades, even though they know that cheating is a crime when it comes to school polices. And sometimes it is in the students attitude to cheat; its already in their behavior.Furthermore, Ms. Chunette Bagunu said that one of the reasons why students resort to cheating is that it is the easy way to pass or to get through an exam. In that way, they wont need to spend much time reviewing for that exam. Another reason is their lack of interest to the topic or subject which may be due to lack of clarity of that certain lesson. Because of this students feel unmotivated to study for the exam and so they just cheat when the exam day comes.During exam, what we always intact in our mind is that our intension is to pass and this is more important than consequences. We believe in the saying that No man is an island, a social being cannot exist without his fellows. No one is self-sufficient and everyone relies on the other for successful survival.

v. CONCLUSION

Based on our study and survey, students resort to cheating due to the following reasons:

Some students have no ability to generate correct answer to questions on quizzes and examinations. Some students cheat for survival instinct. Some students cheat because they find a lesson or a course to be meaningless -having no perceived relevance to their lives. Wanting to take risks. They might also cheat because they belief something is unfair, so feel justified in cheating.

In dealing with this cheating issue, teachers try to prevent students from cheating. Here are some practical ways that they do:

Give penalties like zero scores or a failing grade to students that would cheat Arrange them 1 or 2 seats apart Change their seating arrangement in a way that close friends wont be together To prevent cheating teachers should go down to the needs of the learners using different teaching techniques and style so that the students will understand the lesson very well. Another thing is to encourage students to study well give the emphasis to the importance of honesty. For the students to prevent cheating, they should be serious in their studies. Students should make their study as their first priority.In conclusion, there are many reasons for students to cheat in exams, being afraid of failure, having no ability, and wanting to take risks, including the reasons which I did not state. And until today, we still cannot guarantee that there are ways to help students stop cheating. However, to those who are thinking to cheat the exams, you should think about the punishments. No matter what your reason is. Does it worth for being caught and got punished from both university and society? You all know the answer. Although you are not smart enough to have excellent grades, you should be proud of yourself that you try to get good grades by your own abilities, not cheating.

vi. RECOMMENDATIONS

Believe in yourself Make reviewing as your hobby or scanning your notes Study well Think that you can do everything Strive hard, have patient and concentrate on your studyFor us, Cheating is a mortal sin. It is a sin for it literally means that you steal an answer from others. We know and we believe, there is still hope for us to manage to our self, to be mindful of what we are doing and to be dependent. Its easy to conquer your ways of cheating just remember this Its better if you dont place an answer rather than proving to God that you are a sinner only for cheating. In stopping these unnecessary acts, we would like to recommend that students have to motivate themselves. In the sense that they have to put in their mind that in every little thing and for every question, they can cope for an answer as they motivate themselves they shall eventually review their lessons deeply and serious.

For the parents, they should support their children, give them the advices and encourage them to really prove themselves that they can manage their own self without the aid of others. Encourage them in the sense that they should make sure that their sons/daughters would learn to build trust on themselves.

For the teachers they should always remind your students, that resorting to cheating is not acceptable policy in the classroom because it is deviant act to school. They should be mindful of the students in one way or another she/he should look and observe for the behavior of his/her students.

References:

Anderman, E. M., Griesinger, T., & Westerfield, G. (1998). Motivation and cheating during early adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 8493.

Rettinger, D. A. & Kramer, Y. (2008). Situational and Personal Causes of Student Cheating. Research in Higher Education, 50, 293-313.

Shu, L., Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. (2011). Dishonest deed, clear conscience: When cheating leads to moral disengagement and motivated forgetting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 330-349.

West, T., Ravenscroft, S., & Shrader, C. (2004). Cheating and Moral Judgment in the College Classroom: A Natural Experiment. Journal of Business Ethics, 54, 173-183.

Williams, K., Nathanson, C., & Paulhus, D. (2010). Identifying and profiling scholastic cheaters: Their personality, cognitive ability, and motivation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 16 , 293-307.

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Tel No. : (078) 304-College of Information TechnologyCarig, TuguegaraoCity, 3500 Cagayant: +63 78 844- 0102email:csu.it.info@gmail.com0818 Email: cics_infoboard@yahoo.com