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Healthy Urban Planning: in-Healthy Urban Planning: in-road to local health road to local health

developmentdevelopmentWHO Healthy CitiesWHO Healthy Cities

Geoff GreenElisabeth Bengtsson

Agis Tsouros

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lth Challenges in CitiesChallenges in Cities

Growing health concerns in cities include Poverty and social exclusion Violence and Safety Pollution of air, water and land Substandard housing and unhealthy planning Poor employment conditions Stress and Sedentary lifestyles Poor quality food The unmet needs of vulnerable groups Lack of public involvement in decisions Growing inequalities

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lth How does Urban Planning How does Urban Planning

affect health?affect health?

L o c a l H o s p i t a l ?

How does Urban Planning affect health?

Physical factors(some examples)

Links Associated health issues

• Road severance

• Lack of facilities in neighbourhood (shops, places to go)

• Lack of local informal recreational opportunities (allotments, play parks)

• Unattractive, poorly designed pedestrian routes (road traffic dominated routes)

• Poor insulation, waste of solar insolation

• Lack of opportunity for food growing

• Lack of opportunity for informal interaction in the community

• Isolation

Mental wellbeing

• Air-polluted local walking environments

• Fuel povertyRespiratory disease

• Lack of regular exercise

• Food deserts, poor diet

Heart disease and Obesity issues

Healthy Urban Planning in ManchesterA century ago towing planning and public health were working closely together but then they

went their separate ways

1853 2003

Typhoid

Cholera

Dysentery

Scrofula

Asthma

Obesity

Stress & mental health

Heart disease

“Traffic will be to 21st century public health what sewage was to 19th century public health”

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The health map

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lth How does Urban Planning How does Urban Planning

affect health?affect health?

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www.sponpress.com

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lth

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lth Healthy Urban PlanningHealthy Urban Planning

Key Principles:• Equity• Intersectoral cooperation• Community involvement• Sustainability• International action

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lth Types of toolsTypes of tools

• Conceptual development

• Political

• Strategic

• Technical

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Healthy Urban PlanningHealthy Urban Planning The twelve key health The twelve key health

objectivesobjectivesDo planning policies and proposals promote and

encourage ?

1.

Personal lifestyles 7. Safety

2.

Social cohesion 8. Equity

3.

Housing quality 9. Air and aesthetics

4.

Access to work 10.

Water

5.

Accessibility 11

Land and minerals

6 Food 12.

Climate stability

Barton & Tsourou 2000

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4 elements of action4 elements of actionfor health and sustainable for health and sustainable development at city leveldevelopment at city level

Political Commitment tothe values and principles ofhealth and sustainable development; equity andsolidarityArticulate a long term visionfor your city based on these qualities

Systematic action to tacklethe social and environmentaldeterminants of health including Integrating health considerations Into urban planning and design

Institutional processes to support partnership-based work and participative governance

Local, national andinternational cooperation and networking

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WHO Working with WHO Working with European cities: European cities:

Themes and ToolsThemes and Tools

• Healthy Ageing• Health Impact Assessment• Healthy Urban Planning• Physical Activity and Active Living

• City Health Profiles• City Health Development Plans

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lth Healthy Urban Planning Healthy Urban Planning

PrioritiesPriorities

• Transport and mobility• Healthy Ageing• Neighbourhoods• Physical Activity• Strategic and Master Plans• Cross-cutting links Health Impact Assessment

• Tools-commitment-innovation• awareness-capacity-applications-

mainstreaming

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How to increase physical How to increase physical activity in an urban activity in an urban

environmentenvironment• Transport

– Cycling : Cycle paths, Cycle parks• Walking

– Pedestrian areas– Walking buses– Safety of walking

• Leisure time facilities– Parks– Open schools– Public or subsidised sport facilities– Safety of playgrounds

• Building design– Stairs

• Urban design– Positioning of services in walking distance

• Traffic restrictions on weekends

““Obesity: an epidemic Obesity: an epidemic without treatment”without treatment”

Urban Design can make a huge difference Urban Design can make a huge difference in supporting physical activityin supporting physical activity

Handy PPT Bursa, Turkey

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Open space, Open space, Health and Urban Health and Urban

planningplanning• Physical exercise & recreation• Social and cultural aspects –

community & relationships• Psychological effects• Wildlife in cities• Organic urban food production• Air quality and noise• Water management

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lth NeighbourhoodsNeighbourhoods

• What does the neighbourhood mean?

• Community decision making• Housing – social inclusion and

diversity• Access to jobs, shopping,

education and health facilities• Planning for movement• Public spaces and open space

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lth Walking and CyclingWalking and Cycling

• City wide level – policies to promote walking and cycling as part of a wider transport strategy

• Neighbourhood level – a mix of uses and maximum opportunity to walk or cycle

• Assessing a project – a checklist addressing localised issues of movement and accessibility

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lth WHO Healthy Cities Network Phase IV (2003-2008)

in the WHO European Region (Designated and Applicants)

SVN

BLR

12 January 2007

Seixal

Amadora

Geneva

MilanBologna

JerusalemPadua

Udine

Arezzo

Copenhagen

Sandnes

HelsingborgStockholm

Dresden

Glasgow

Newcastle

LiverpoolManchester

Sheffield

Stoke-on-Trent

Bursa

Vienna Györ

Rijeka

Lodz

89 Cities76 designated13 applicants

Yalova

ÇankayaViana do Castelo

Liège

Belfast

Camden

Montijo

Stirling

Sunderland

Turin

Turku

Ljubljana

San Fernandode Henares

Poznan

Brno

Brighton

Horsens

Eskisehir/Tepebasi

Kuopio

Celje

Pecs

Kadiköy

Jurmala

Aydin

Brussels

Avanos

Vitoria-Gasteiz

Kirikkale

Zagreb

Izhevsk

Trabzon City

Rennes

Østfold County Council

Istanbul

Dublin

LeganésSant Andreaude la Barca

SienaÜrgüpAthens

Cheboksary

Dimitrovgrad

NovocheboksarskKaunas

Kuressaare

Yevpatoria

Venice

Pärnu

Salamanca

Bartin

Galway

Stavropol

Cherepovets

Kinel-Cherkassy District

BorjomiGijon

Barcelona

TiranaMaltepe

GolcükNancy

Sarajevo

Koper

Dunkerque

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http://www.euro.who.int/healthy-http://www.euro.who.int/healthy-cities/cities/