what's the difference between a incandescent and led light bulb (and others)?
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WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCE TYPES OF
LIGHT BULBS, ANYWAY?
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1. Basic overview of Lamp Technologies2. Lamp characteristics (CCT, CRI, Lm & Fc)3. Common Emergency Light & Combo
lamps4. Understanding fluorescent lamp codes5. Understanding CFL codes6. Metal Halide & HPS ANSI Codes
AREAS THAT WILL BE COVERED
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Advantages• Color rendering (CRI) 98-100. Makes objects appear “normal,” yet softens
skin tones.• No flickering• Inherently dimmable• No ballast required :)• Cheap as hell and available anywhere• Won’t affect people with epilepsy or Aspbergers• Warm Color Temp. we have all grown up with• Not harmful to the environment
Advantages of Incandescent Lamps
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Disadvantages• Creates light by heating solid material (tungsten filament)• Most of the energy lost as heat• Inefficient: 60W Edison bulb = 6W LED• Operating cost of 1 bulb/year: $35.48• Cost to run them in a house: $328.59• Only last 6-months - year of continuous use• 40 and 60-watt bulbs are banned in the USA
Disadvantages of Incandescent Lamps
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• Uses a filament like Incandescent• Contains halogen gas instead of inert gas• Much brighter, whiter light that lasts longer• Allows for pinpoint focusing. Ideal for task light, displays and
artwork.• 10-20% more efficient than IncandescentCONS• Burn very hot. Fingerprint residue can cause the bulb to explode.• Some systems require ballasts.
HALOGEN LAMPS
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Low pressure mercury vapor gas acts as the “filament” generating invisible UV light.
The UV excites the phosphor coating, creating visible white light.
FLUORESECENT LAMPS
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• High luminous efficacy (lumens-to-watts).
• Turns 22% of energy into usable light – Incandescent: 5%
• Lasts 10x longer than incandescent – 9,000 hours or 1-2 years
• Create far less heat than tungsten lamps
• Used in 80% of the worlds general lighting system
• High Efficiency (HE), high output (HO) and very high output (VHO) options allow you to maximize light output from a fixed wattage.
• Dimmable when paired with a dimmable ballast.
ADVANTAGES OF FLUORESCENT LAMPS
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• Contain mercury – requires 12-step disposal process• Too many fluorescent lights can disqualify building for RoHS and LEED
compliance• Flickering – fixtures with magnetic ballasts have a low frequency that
appears to “strobe” on camera• Tubes emit light in a 360° pattern, losing 20% of its emitted light. Direct/
Indirect fixtures reduce this loss.• Can affect people with epilepsy, Aspbergers & other light-sensitive ailments• Don’t do well in cold weather. T8=20 degrees. T5=30 degrees.• Need a ballast
DISADVANTAGES OF FLUORESCENT LAMPS
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Electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube.
HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID)
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• Most common street lighting lamp in the world
• Lower cost than metal halide• Light penetrates fog better than pure-
white lights like MH and LED• More efficient than metal halide (efficacy
or lumen/watts). – HPS: 87. – Metal Halide: 58
• Lower mercury content than metal halide• Preferred HID lamp of the Dark Sky
society• 24,000 hour lifespan – twice that of Metal
Halide
HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM (HPS)
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• Sodium elements generate a yellow glow.
• Poor CRI. Hard to tell what color your car is under such lighting.
• Use inefficient magnetic ballasts, capacitors and ignitor to supply initial voltage and maintain illumination. This brings down the efficient properties of the lamp.
• Not ideal indoors.
HPS LAMP DISADVANTAGES
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• Mixture of several gases creates a 4500K Color temperature.
• Appears bright white• CRI of 85. Excellent for retail
interiors and high bays. • Easy to find your car in a
parking lot.• More energy efficient than
halogen and mercury vapor lamps
METAL HALIDE (MH) BULBS
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• More expensive than HPS• 11,000 hour lifespan – half
of that of HPS• Brightness causes light
pollution• Contains more hazardous
substances than HPS
DISADVANTAGES OF METAL HALIDE BULBS
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1. Your client wants high bay fixtures for a large shoe store but can’t afford LED. Do you offer them HID, Metal Halide or HPS lamps?
2. A cold storage warehouse wants to retrofit their T12s with a more efficient fluorescent lamps. Should you offer T8 or T5s? Bonus point if you can answer “Why”
3. A customer wants either a Metal Halide or HPS wall pack with battery backup. Our site reflects that they have the option for that model. Which lamp source should they choose?
QUIZ #1
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• Listed on most spec sheets as ‘Correlated Color Temperature’ (CCT)
• Measured in Kelvins (K)• For dummies: The color of
the light and how it makes you feel (warm or cold).
• Anything over 5,000K = cool colors
• 2700-3000K = warm colors
COLOR TEMPERATURES
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• Listed on spec sheets as Color Rendering Index (CRI)
• Ability of the light source to make surrounding objects appear “normal”
• For dummies: “Hey why does this bulb make my teeth look yellow?”
• Lamps are given a CRI rating from 0-100
• LED & Cool White fluorescent = 90 CRI
• High Pressure Sodium = 45 CRI
COLOR RENDERING (CRI)
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• Amount of light falling on a 1-square foot area, at a distance of 1-ft.
• Buildings must have a minimum illumination of 2fc (when measured a foot off the floor) to be considered habitable.
FOOT CANDLES
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• Total amount of light coming out in all directions
• Measured by the factory in a lumen sphere
• While lumens typically increases with the wattage, there is no watts/lumens conversion formula
• Lumen data is important for IES files and photometric testing.
LUMENS
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They are to light what:• Pounds are to bananas• Gallons are to milk
LUMENS MEANS = “BRIGHTNESS”
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1. A lamp with a CCT of 5600 has a Warm or Cool temperature?
2. When an auditor inspects a buildings emergency lighting system, are they measuring ‘fc’ or ‘lm’? BONUS: How are these testing procedures different in New York City.
3. What light factors might make a customer prefer an incandescent bulb over CFL or LED?
4. You’re in a parking lot at night and can’t distinguish the color of your vehicle from the others. What lamp type is probably being used in this parking lot?
QUIZ #2
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EMERGENCY LIGHTS AND COMBOS
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EMERGENCY LIGHT BULBShape: T5Base: WedgeCCT: 2800KCRI: 95
Sealed Beam IncandescentShape: PAR36Base: WedgeCCT: 2800KCRI: 85BEAM ANGLE: 10° Spot
EMERGENCY LIGHTS: INCANDESCENT BULBS
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DCB Halogen BulbShape: T4Base: Double Contact Bayonet
Bi-Pin Halogen BulbShape: T4Base: Bi Pin G8
H3 Halogen BulbShape: T3.5Base: PK22
MR16Shape: T4Base: GX5.3Beam Angle: 36° Wide Flood
EMERGENCY LIGHTS: HALOGEN BULBS
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A) LED B) Wedge Base INC C) Sealed Beam INC
QUIZ #3: WHAT LAMP TYPE AM I?
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A) MR16 Halogen
B) Sealed Beam INC
C) Bi-PinHalogen
WHAT LAMP TYPE AM I?
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A) DCB Halogen
B) Sealed Beam Halogen
C) Wedge BaseINC
WHAT LAMP TYPE AM I?
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• T12 – 1.5 inch diameter.– No longer in production– Highly inefficient– Uses monophosphor = poorer light
quality
• T8 – 1 inch diameter.– Most applicable to Title 24– Dimmable with ballast– Tri-phosphor=better light
• T5 – ½ inch diameter– Same output as T8– Higher cost– Ideal for high-bays
WHAT ARE FLUORESECENT LAMP TYPES?
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• Used as a more specific way of identifying lamps and the ballasts that operate them
• Reveals valuable information about operating characteristics and physical dimensions
LINEAR FLUORESCENT LAMP CODES
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• “F” – fluorescent• “30” – rated nominal wattage• “T” – tubular lamp• “12” – diameter in eights of an inch• “CW” – Cool White color• “RS” – Lamp starting method.Rapid Start is the most popular LFL for commercial applications
BREAKING DOWN THE FLUORESCENT LAMP CODES
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• Lamp actually draws 34-watts instead of 40• Due to the “ES” modifier, the generic designation for Energy
Saver• GE, Philips & Sylvania have different modifiers like:– SS = Super Saver– EW = EconoWatt– WM = Watt Miser
LAMP CODES CONTINUED
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• Customer requests T8 741 and 841s. What does this mean?
• The color rendering and output is based on the phosphor materials in the lamp
• First “7” indicates a CRI of 75• “41” indicates CCT of 4100K
CCT & CRI
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• “F” – fluorescent• “96” – nominal length in inches• “T” – tubular lamp• “12” – diameter in eights of an inch• “WWX” – Deluxe Warm Lamp• “IS” – Instant StartFor whatever reason, anything above F40 refers to length instead of wattage of the lamp. While F96 could mean a 96-watt 8-ft lamp, it could be as low as 54W in actuality.
F96T12/WWX/IS
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• High Output lamps are brighter and driven at a higher electrical current.
• Different pins, so they cannot be installed in standard output tombstones.
• Same wattage lamp, twice the illumination• Draws more power• T5HO is ideal in high bay applications
HO & VHO
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Quiz #41. Describe a F32T8/CW/RS lamp?2. Describe an F54T5/HO lamp?3. Customer orders a case of T8 841s. What is he asking for?4. What internal element in fluorescent lamps determines the CRI and
color temperature?5. Customer wants to save money with his current 17W T8 fixtures. Should
you get them HO or ES lamps?
QUIZ #4
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• While more efficient than incandescent, they often fall short of their expected 2-3 year lifespan
• Used in many of our wall packs, vapor proof lights, area lights and some shoe boxes.
• U-bend, 2D and Circline bulbs are considered CFL• Most are not dimmable unless stated
CFL LOWDOWN
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Edison Screw-In Base• Found in most household and residential fixtures.• Some are dimmable
2-Pin Base• Found in older fixtures.• NOT dimmable• Only use Magnetic CFL ballasts
4-Pin Base• Most common in our products.• Many are dimmable• Use Electronic ballasts
THE THREE BASIC CFL BASES
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NEMA generic designation for CFLs is:CF + Shape + Wattage/Abbreviated Base Design
• T = Twin tubes• Q=Four tubes• TR=Triple tubes
CFL TUBE SHAPES
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• Everything after the “/” is the base
• D=two pin• Q=4-pin
CFL BASES
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EXAMPLES
• CFT9W/G23q = 9 watt twin tube with G23 base
• CFQ26W/G24d = 26 watt quad tube, 2-pin G24 base
EXAMPLES OF COMPACT FLUORESCENT CODES
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1. CFTR9W/G24q2. CFQ13W/GX23d3. FT40W/2G11q
QUIZ #5: INDENTIFY THESE PART CODES
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