TM

Canine Nutrition Guide

I would like to take a moment of your time to introduce you to PNS. We

are an innovative, Green, Pet Nutrition Service company whom

specialize in combining bio-nutritional science, zoology and the culinary

arts. We offer three programs which will add immediate value to your

pets over all health and wellness.

Pet Nutrition Systems, through our website, kiosks and retail store

partnerships offer you; Veterinary Prescriptive Nutrition service, Breed

Specific Diets and custom individualized diet planning. All three are

rooted in our core concept that optimum health begins and ends with

proper nutrition. Our major benefit to you is that we are a nutrition

service provider. We design diets to heal, grow, nourish and extend life

span on an individual pet basis. We are not bound by 10- 14 generic

formulations for all dogs to fit into, one type/style of food preparation

and we can create a diet with food around your price point and pet

companion’s needs.

In 2011 9% of all pet owners made food for their pets and 22% bought

frozen raw food. These numbers are project to double 2014. There is a

shift in the market that has gained traction and it is a health oriented

movement. It may seem to only be 10% – 22% of your business now

but in the next 2 years more the 4 in 10 people are going to be feeding

something other than kibble and cans.

PET NUTRITIONAL HEALTH

The most noted Studies regarding “nutrient – cell & gene interactions”

have proved very valuable in teaching us how to meet our pets

nutritional requirements. These studies also show us how each nutrient

work and how they affect cells and genes. Internationally known

veterinary nutritionists have been practicing these fundamentals of

canine nutrition for over 25 years. The satisfying of these nutrient-cell &

gene interactions are needed to obtain and maintain optimum health for

any breed or mixture of breed.

The results of these studies combined years of clinical experience have

helped treat pet companions whom are not responding well to

allopathic medical intervention or are not thriving on a “one formula fit all

breeds” diet. Pet Nutrition Systems understands that the nutrient-

cell/gene interactions are so precise that if the nutrients aren’t supplied

in the precise quantity, by the correct source and in the exact

concentration the gene systems will not be activated. This means the

gene systems involved in health maintenance, disease prevention and

cellular rejuvenation are turned on by the correct amount of nutrients

and turned off by the lack of enough nutrients. It is a precise science!

Processed kibble, canned food and any one diet fits all dogs raw diet or

formulation cannot and do not deliver all the nutrients in the right

combinations for the unique individual requirements of your pet.

The sources of these nutrients are as important as their bioavailability

and the concentration they are delivered. A great ingredient list and the

cleanest USDA approved factory mean nothing without the correct

formulation for your individual breed of pet. Without the correct

formulation your pet(s) become vulnerable to allergies, immune

deficiency illness or disease and a shortened life span.

CREATING THE BEST DIET FOR YOUR PET

Our client s are assured that their pet’s body’s needs for sustain

optimum health are being provided for. Pet Nutrition Systems helps

you, help your pet to recover and regenerate muscle tissues, organs

and maintain good cellular growth. Proper nutrition is the best way to

empower your pet. The average pet food buyer is lead to believe that

reading the ingredient list is the best way to determine what is the best

food. Here are the four most important categories to judge your pet’s

food by:

FORM

How your pet’s food is made is equally as important as is the quality of

ingredients used. The trend in modern RAW frozen pet food

manufacturing is to have machines process water, meat and

vegetables into a slurry that is forced into hotdog and sausage casings

or formed into tubes to be cut into round medallions. This is not the

best way to assure the bioavailability of your pet’s meals. At PNS each

ingredient is prepared independently and properly to provide the

maximum bioavailability and optimum absorption of all nutrients in each

formulation.

BALANCE

No one nutrient can work by itself. It needs a least one other nutrient to

help it perform its task. Too much of the complementing nutrient and it

may cancel its effect and to little will not allow it to work. As stated

before. Each breed of dog, each stage of life require a different nutrient

requirement. No two breeds or stage of life have the same nutritional

requirement for any one nutrient. One breed may need a minimum of

60% lean meat protein and another 45% of a fatty protein source.

When either the protein levels or the nutrient levels are out of balance

there is a risk of that pet’s genetic systems malfunctioning. 0ver 95%

of all frozen, Raw, canned and bagged pet food is out of balance. They

are formulated to meet the minimum requirement of all the breed

averaged together, not individually.

POTENCY

The most respect veterinary nutritionist all agree that the nutrient levels

of each formulation must provide the maximum level of essential

nutrition or the animal will have to get too many empty calories and run

the risk of obesity. This is very common in today’s pet population.

FRESSNESS

Once food is prepared it starts losing its potency, available nutrients

and freshness. There are three ways that food losses all of these

elements: Heat, Light and Air. When choosing frozen fish or meat,

would you rather it in a plastic bag allowing it to develop freezer burn or

to be vacuum sealed? A long list of natural or man made preservatives

show you how long the manufacturer thinks that the product will be in

storage waiting to be sold.

PNS meals are protected by being vacuum sealed, and wrapped in

freezer butcher block paper to shielded the all food from air, light and

variations in temperature.

When comparing food of any type one must consider the following

categories: Bio-availability of the product, Formulation, Quality of the

Ingredients, Method of Processing and Freshness.

WHAT IS THE INDUSTRY STANDARD?

AAFCO review of a pet food is strictly voluntary. Just because a

product says "formulated to meet the minimum requirements &

nutritional levels established by the AAFCO" does not mean its was

approved by the AAFCO or that it underwent feeding trials. The

same can be said for the claim of “Balance and Complete.” The

AAFCO represents agricultural interests with products to sell - not

the interests of pet owners, veterinarians or pets.

Although your dog can survive on an all-meat diet with a small

amount of vegetable and fruit added, this type of diet will not

achieve or sustain optimum health.

Most breeds of dog were developed and have evolved eating along

side of humans. For hundreds of years their DNA and genetic

structure has been molded by the ancestral foods of their region of

origin. What their body craves are the nutrients from the foods that

they were fed for most of their breed’s development.

Each individual breed of dog lived and thrived on what they were fed

by us. Whole food and left- over cooked food. This means in the

early days of each breeds development they evolved on a diet that

was rich in nutrients for the ground, trees. Vines, land animal protein

and water animal protein which were native to their region.

The theory that all dogs were wild and ate from fresh kills is false.

The Chihuahua, Yorkie, Cocker Spaniel, Doberman, Irish Setter, etc

were man made breeds developed over years by selective breeding

and were not wild beast living on fresh kill. The herding, hunting,

sporting, guarding and ornamental breeds were not wolf like in their

eating habits.

The definitive study on this was done in 1974 with revisions made in

1978, 1985 and 2001 called “The Nutritional Requirements of Dogs:

For Growth and maintenance by the Nation Research Council. The

1985 revision made use of a number of multi breed research studies

that led the committee to proclaim that different breeds of dogs have

different nutritional requirements due to where and how the specific

breeds evolved.

The National Research Council's report made use of the hundreds of

research studies from veterinary medicine Universities, dog food

companies and independent laboratories. Many of these studies

gave report to individual nutrients found to be essential in the canine

diet, i.e.; vitamin A, calcium, copper, etc. With each research study

that used two or more breeds it was shown that there were

nutritional differences between each breed.

In fact not one research study cited showed any two breeds to

have the same nutritional requirements for any one nutrient.

This is why a “one formula fits all breeds” food is substandard, non-balanced and incomplete.

Samples of specific research confirming breed specific nutritional

differences in dogs:

1. Specific testing showed that food energy requirements of

Yorkshire Terriers are different from those of a Pomeranians per

Kilogram of body weight.

2. Testing on the Golden Retriever showed that it required a higher

amount of the essential amino acid Methionine than a Labrador per

Kilogram of body weight.

3. Testing on the Irish Setter showed a different requirement for zinc

than the amount required by an English Setter per Kilogram of body

weight.

4. Testing to establish the requirements for vitamin A showed that

the Poodle puppy, German Shepherd puppy, and Labrador puppy

all had different reactions to the same dosage of this one nutrient.

5. Testing for vitamin D requirements showed that the Collie and the

Great Dane both need from nine to ten times as much as the Fox

Terrier per Kilogram of body weight.

How much protein does my dog need? !Protein

requirements vary from breed to breed and can vary greatly

during the rapid growth stages and for elderly animals with

compromised kidneys. As a general rule, the AVMA

recommend the following levels of protein for the average

dog.

Keep in mind that the protein level shown on the bag does

not indicate the percentage of digestible protein, just the

overall protein content. In quality foods, digestibility is

between 70 and 80%. In lesser-quality foods, the

digestibility could drop to 60% or less.

DAILY RECOMMENDED ALLOWANCES FOR VITAMINS Function Daily Need Signs of Deficiency

Function Daily Need Signs of Deficiency

Function Daily Need Signs of Deficiency

Function Daily Need Signs of Deficiency

Australian Cattle Dog Breed Nutrient Requirement

Beagle Breed Specific Nutrient Requirements

The Goals of Nutrition Internet search for information regarding pet nutrition and there is an overwhelming amount of misleading information with very little facts or clinical studies supporting these claims. For the average pet owner it is nearly impossible to decipher the truth from fiction. Therapeutic bio-Nutrition is broadly defined as the use of nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, essential fatty acids, co-factors, enzymes, anti-oxidants, and phytonutrients, to support the body’s immune and healing systems, thereby altering the course and outcome of a disease process. It can be used as a preventative, or can be used as a therapy. It does not focus on food types, calories nor minimum daily requirements, but rather on metabolic and physiological effects of foods on the body’s healing and immune systems. Unlike drugs, nutritional products are not designed to address symptoms or diseases, they are designed to “feed” and “fuel” the cells of the body, using or calling upon the cells’ inherent ability to heal and achieve wellness. The goals of therapeutic nutrition fall within 3 broad categories, which directly help to enhance wellness. * The supply needs bio-nutrients to engage & support the genetic systems * The management of energy and body weight * The elimination of toxins

Dr. Selmer has affirmed that optimum nutrition helps slow the onset and progression of chronic disease because it restores balance and promotes healing by supporting the metabolic pathways that energize the healing system. In addition, it helps reduce the inflammation that predisposes an animal to disease. Its use, either alone or in combination with appropriate medication, contributes to the day-to-day wellness of the animal. “There are a lot of important factors in keeping a pet healthy, and many are interdependent,” says Richard Hill, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, professor of small animal internal medicine at the University of Florida in Gainesville. “Nutrition is very important in this respect, as it affects other aspects of overall health. For example, vaccinations are important to help prevent certain infectious diseases in pets. In order for vaccinations to be most effective, the pet needs to have a healthy immune system. Certain nutrients like vitamin C, vitamin E, lutein and taurine act as antioxidants and help reduce damage to the cells of the immune system, improving function. Thus, nutrition plays a role in disease prevention.”

“Some therapeutic diets have a nutritional profile that would not be ideal for a healthy pet, but since they are only used under the supervision of veterinarian, misuse is not common.”

NUTRITIONAL TEAMWORK When inspecting each essential nutrient in a dog's diet, it is very important to look at the other nutrients they affect or that affect them. The nutrients that work together are the NUTRITIONAL TEAMS. We all recognize the teamwork between water and solid foods in the dog's diet. If either one is not present, we know the result will be death due to a lack of an essential part of the dog's diet. On the other hand, if we present any one part of the team in

quantities that are too far out of proportion to the other parts, we can have the same disastrous results. Balancing all the parts of a nutritional team is the most important factor for formulating a proper diet for any dog. The complete nutritional team for canine nutrition consists of solids and liquids. These can be broken down to include: protein, vitamins, minerals, trace minerals, enzymes, fiber, fatty acids, carbohydrates, bacteria, and water. Then each part of the complete nutritional team can be broken down into a team of its own.

Science has proven that no two breeds have the same nutritional requirements for any one nutrient. To truly meet your pet Dachshund nutritional needs you must learn what the unique nutrient requirements of your breed are, (or mixture of breeds) Consider their individual needs, than learn how much of each of the 18 major nutrients groups are required and finally, discover which natural or organic whole food should be used to satisfy these needs. Each nutrient's job is to turn on a particular genetic system in your pet's body. This is called Nutrient - gene interaction. If the right amount of bio-available nutrients are supplied to the crucial genetic systems like the immune system they will work correctly, if not they are not turned on and to much will shut the system down. This is why a “one food fits all breeds” way of feeding is not optimal and may be detrimental to most dog’s over all health. (read: PNS Nutrient Team Work)

Nutritional Factors and the Immune System

An optimum nutritional state is very important in managing a

variety of inherited and other metabolic diseases as well as for a

healthy immune system. Examples where nutritional management

is important in inherited disorders include: adding ingredients to

the diet to make it more alkaline for Miniature Schnauzers with

calcium oxalate bladder or kidney stones; use of the vitamin A

derivative in Cocker Spaniels and other breeds with idiopathic

seborrhea of the skin; management with drugs and/or diet of

diseases such as diabetes mellitus and the copper-storage

disease prevalent in breeds like the Wheaton Terrier, West

Highland White Terrier, and German Pinscher; wheat-sensitive in

Irish Setters; and treatment of vitamin B-12 deficiency in Giant

Schnauzers.

Nutritional factors that play an important role in immune function

include zinc, selenium and vitamin E, vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine),

and linoleic acid. Deficiency of these compounds impairs both

circulating (humoral) as well as cell-mediated immunity. The

requirement for essential nutrients increases during periods of

rapid growth or reproduction and also may increase in geriatric

individuals, because immune function and the bioavailability of

these nutrients generally wane with aging.

Genetic differences between breeds and the individuals within

those breeds lead to quantitative variations in dietary

requirements for energy, nutrients and overall health.

Genetic defects may result in inborn errors of metabolism that

affect one or more pathways involving nutrients or their

metabolites. Many inborn errors of metabolism are fatal, whereas

others may show significant clinical improvement with nutritional

management. Minimal and maximal nutrient requirements that

can be important in this regard include vitamin C, vitamin E and

selenium, vitamin A, copper and vitamin B-12. Similarly, a wide

variation occurs in the energy needs of dogs depending on their

breed, age, sex and size. Breeders quickly learn to adjust the

caloric intake of their animals depending on the optimal

requirements of each individual.

When correcting a general physical or dietary deficiency one must

give particular attention to form, balance, potency and Freshness

for optimum health and measured results. Holistic veterinarians

insist that the key to disease prevention is found in a diet rich

from living enzymes, antioxidants, amino acids and a good

source of organic protein.

NOW you can be a proactive Pet Parent and more reactive to

canine disease and illness through the proper use of nutrition via

your our Pet Nutrition Systems website or Kiosk Center. Pet

Nutrition Systems will help you make the correct change to a

more natural diet individually designed for your pet’s breed,

mixture of breeds, special health needs and meets their unique

nutritional requirements.