What you could What you could have written … have written … and what you and what you

still have time to still have time to learn!learn!

Stack : an isolated pillar of rock detached from a headland by wave erosion

Stages :

Joints

Cave

Arch

Stack

Needle

Stump

Processes :

Hydraulic action

Corrasion/abrasion

Attrition

Corrosion/solution

Also :

Weathering

Mass movement

Examples : Needles (Isle of Wight)

Examples :

Old Harry Rocks (Jurassic Coast)

The Needles (Isle of Wight

Deil’s Heid (Arbroath)

Image courtesy of Andrew Stacey www.stacey.peak-media.co.uk

Wave-cut platform : a sloping rocky shelf found at the foot of a retreating cliff and exposed at low tide. This is Broad Bench in Kimmeridge Bay on the

Jurassic Coast

Processes :

Hydraulic action

Corrasion

Undercutting

Rockfall

headlandWords to use:

angle under 4 degrees

Wave-cut notch

Inter-tidal feature

Wave energy dissipated

abrasion

Retreating cliff

Future raised beach?

Blowhole : an eroded vertical joint in a headland which may allow sea water to spout

Example : Gaylet Pot at Auchmithie

Processes :

Hydraulic action

Corrasion/abrasion

Attrition

Corrosion/solution

Words to use:

Vertical joints

Cave roof

Lines of weakness

clifftop

High tides/storm tides

exploitMarine erosion processes

Spit : a long, narrow accumulation of sand or shingle formed by longshore drift with one end attached to the land

Examples: Dawlish Warren (below),Spurn Head, Orford Ness, Blakeney PointProcesses:

Longshore drift

Transportation

Deposition

Words to use:

recurved

Direction of longshore drift

Prevailing winds

Change in coastline direction/estuary

Second dominant wind direction

beach

Stabilised shingle and sand

saltmarsh

dunes

Zig zag movement

Silt and mud accumulates

Bar and lagoon: a spit linking two headlands and trapping water on the landward side such as at Slapton Ley in Devon (below)

Processes:

Longshore drift

Transportation

Deposition

Words to use:

bay

headland

bar

lagoon

brackish

silting and infillingbeach

Direction of longshore drift

Beach : a zone of deposited sand and shingle above the low water mark

Processes :

Constructive waves

Destructive waves

Deposition

Transportation

Longshore drift

Sediment grading

Words to use:

storm beachberm

gradient

sand

shingle

swash

backwash

cuspsbeach profile

PODZOL BROWN EARTH

WHY are they different?

climatenatural vegetation

type of humusHow much leaching?

precipitation and temperature

soil biota activity

How much mixing?

THINK!

drainage

eluviationorganic sorting

illuviationtranslocation

Psammosere : THINK stages, conditions, named plants, adaptations!

Foreshore Mobile dunes Grey dunes and slacks Climax vegetation

windy sheltered

alkaline Increasingly acid

No humus More humus

dryMore soil moisture

Saltwort

Couch grass

Sea rocket

Marram

Sea holly

Sand sedge

Marram

Mosses

Fescue (grass)

Ragwort

Dandelions

Lichens

Sea Buckthorn

Heather

Rushes

Reeds

Willow

Flag iris

Pine

Birch

Mixed woodland

tap roots

fleshy leaves

salt tolerant

low growing

xerophytic

rhizomes

inrolled leaves

deep roots

sand tolerant

xerophytic

Hydrophytic

(water tolerant)

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