What to Expect in…

ENC 1101 - Writing and Rhetoric I

Things you will definitely do:

Write 4-6 papers in MLA format

Learn and use the three Rhetorical Appeals

Write a Rhetorical Analysis

Write a Literacy Narrative

Compose a Works Cited page

Use In-Text Citations

Research and Choose Valid Sources

Avoid Plagiarism at All Costs

What do you mean by a “paper?”

Everyone in college refers to essays as papers:

“I can’t go to Ultra, I have to write a paper.” “Have you finished that paper for the Underwater Basket

Weaving course?” “I have two exams and a paper due in 5 minutes, give me

that latte!”

A paper is any type of writing assignment consisting of anywhere from 2 to 20+ pages

Usually, your papers in ENC 1101 will consist of 5-6 pages each, double spaced, not including the Works Cited page

Formatting your Document

Each individual course has strict rules as to how to format your papers. These are discipline specific– some courses use APA, others MLA, and there are countless other formatting styles. APA and MLA are the most common, with MLA being used for Writing and Rhetoric.

Each style has specific rules for spacing, font, font size, and document elements.

MLA Format – General Guidelines

Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper.

Double-space the text of your paper, and use a legible 12pt size font (Times, Tahoma, or Arial). Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks.

Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides.

Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch from the left margin. MLA recommends that you use the Tab key as opposed to pushing the Space Bar five times.

Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin.

Use italics throughout your essay for the titles of longer works and, only when absolutely necessary, providing emphasis.

Formatting the First Page

• Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested.

• In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text.

• Double space again and center the title. Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks; write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters.

• Double space between the title and the first line of the text.

• Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number; number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin.

Sample of First Page - MLA

Source: Purdue OWL

Let’s format our First Page together…

What is rhetoric?

Aristotle defines rhetoric as: --the ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion.

In simple terms, rhetoric is the art of speaking or writing EFFECTIVELY.

The Three Rhetorical Appeals

Ethos – appeal to credibility

Pathos – appeal to emotions

Logos – appeal to logic

Ethos: 

Ethos is related to the English word ethics and refers to the trustworthiness or credibility of the speaker/writer. 

Ethos is an effective persuasive strategy because when we believe that the speaker does not intend to do us harm, we are more willing to listen to what s/he has to say.

Ethos is a person’s credibility with a given audience

Pathos:

Pathos is Greek for emotion or suffer and is related to the words pathetic, sympathy and empathy. 

Whenever you accept a claim based on how it makes you feel without fully analyzing the rationale behind the claim, you are acting on pathos. 

They may be any emotions: love, fear,

patriotism, guilt, hate or joy. 

Logos:

The Greek word logos is the basis for the English word logic.   

Logos refers to any attempt to appeal to the intellect, including statistics, facts, data, and logical information or evidence. 

Everyday arguments rely heavily on ethos and pathos, but academic arguments rely more on logos: there will be logical chains of reasoning supporting all claims.

The Appeals can also be looked at in this way

Rhetorical Appeals in Advertising

The Rhetorical Appeals are very common in modern-day advertising; they persuade viewers using credibility, emotion, and logic.

As you watch these commercials, think about which rhetorical appeal is most prevalent in each.

Be able to comment on how the appeal is used to achieve a goal.

We are half way through

the presentation

Writing the Rhetorical AnalysisIn this paper, you will analyze how a creator of an original work attempts to make his or her argument. This work could be a commercial, article, advertisement, or other communicative medium.

You must cite the three rhetorical appeals in your work and analyze how they work to achieve the creator’s goal.

Anne Roiphe's "Confessions of a Female Chauvinist Sow" first appeared in the magazine New York in 1972. In this essay Roiphe aims to convince her readers that women must put faith in the idea that they are equal to men, not superior. "Women who want equality must be prepared to give it and believe in it . .. ." Personal anecdotes, contrast, and comparison are techniques Roiphe skillfully uses to create a strong, convincing essay.

Writing the Literacy NarrativeIn this paper, you will write a personal account detailing a literacy moment in your life. For example, this moment could be about a writing experience, learning to read, learning a new language, or learning to write.

The paper is about your experience with literacy. Approach it from a creative standpoint.

The biggest obstacles that I have encountered in my ability to read and write are my learning disabilities. I went through 18 years of my life before they were identified, and they have caused me so much frustration. I had no idea why other kids could read out loud so well and I couldn’t. I had no idea why it took me so long to read a few pages of a book when other kids were almost done with the chapter. I had no idea why I couldn’t even sit down to write a paper when other kids were doing their essays in the span of a couple hours.

Composing your Works Cited page

Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. It should have the same one-inch margins and last name, page number header as the rest of your paper.

Label the page Works Cited (do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page.

Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries.

Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations by 0.5 inches to create a hanging indent.

Sample ofWorks Cited page

1 inch margin

s

Hanging

IndentDoubl

e Space

Citations

The easiest way to write a citation is using a website like EasyBib.com, KnightCite.com or CitationMachine.net

EasyBib is a nicer website, but only allows for MLA style citations

KnightCite isn’t as nice-looking, but it has both MLA and APA options; make sure to select the correct one.

Let’s create a Works Cited page together…

Using In-Text Citations

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

MLA format

follows the author-page

method of in-text

citation. For

example:

Researching and

Choosing Sources

Your school’s library and online databases are a great place to start your research.

Familiarize yourself with the library and how to access online databases on campus and at home.

When choosing sources, make sure they are credible. This can also mean that they have been published within the last 10 years.

PLAGIARISMALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE CONSIDERED PLAGIARISM:

• turning in someone else's work as your own• copying words or ideas (paraphrasing) from someone else without giving credit

• failing to put a quotation in quotation marks• giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation

• changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit

• copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not

Your Assignment

Othello is about much more than the marriage of a white woman to a black man. 

It is about two people from different worlds, who are in love and who marry without parental blessing, and about a love relationship between an older man and a younger woman.

It is about a husband who, believing he is doing the right thing, murders his wife.

It is about the successful struggle of evil to corrupt good, and about good misplacing its trust and recognizing evil too late.

If Othello was charged with Desdemona’s murder, would he be found innocent or guilty?  Look at the time it was written in (not today’s) and find evidence to support your belief.

 

Your Assignment

Write a paper in which you answer the aforementioned question.

Your paper must be written in MLA Style

Your paper must be 3-5 pages in length not including the Works Cited page. You must include appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos, and a firm stance on either innocence or guilt.

You must also have a minimum of four sources, one being Othello by William Shakespeare, with the other three sources each displaying either ethos, pathos, or logos.

Final Draft – 3 Grades

Adheres to length requirement (3-5 pages) Addresses topic and answers prompt Takes a position on innocence or guilt Demonstrates mastery of the play’s content and plot Uses proper grammar, spelling, punctuation

MLA Formatting – 1 Grade

Evidence is properly cited using MLA Style Formatting adheres to MLA Style Uses correct, legible font (Times, Tahoma, Arial) Uses 1 inch margins all around Correct indentation, spacing, and paragraph use

Works Cited – 2 Grades

4 sources properly cited using MLAEach source uses either ethos, pathos, or

logosEach rhetorical appeal is addressedSources are credible

Formatting is in MLA style Citations match in-text citations

RUBRIC

DUE DATES

ROUGH DRAFT with Works Cited due:

April 14th  (A) ~ April 15th (B)That day there will be a Group Edit.

FINAL DRAFT due:

April 20th (A) ~April 21st (B) 

Need Help?

• Google “The Purdue OWL” for formatting help

• Use KnightCite.com or CitationMachine.net for citation help

• Go to http://education.fiu.edu/plagiarism/ for more information on Plagiarism

In college:• Make an appointment at the Writing Center• Use the library/online databases to do your

research• Contact your professor