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What is consciousness? How do our bodys natural rhythms differ from one another?

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I Am Poem Create a poem or a picture depicting what it means to be You. Who are you? What makes you who you are?

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William James Described consciousness as a stream or a river STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS Do we have random thoughts? iPod

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Preassessment Complete the pre-assessment

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Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjfaoe847qQ

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What do you think? What does it mean to be conscious?

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Consciousness Awareness of yourself and the environment Ex. thoughts, sensations, and memories Always changing What are you conscious of right now?

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Gaps? Are there gaps in consciousness? Daydreaming, sleeping, a coma

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Levels of Consciousness

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Conscious alert and fully aware, rational

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Preconscious memories/thoughts are easily accessible What did you eat for breakfast?

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Subconscious memories/thoughts arent easily accessible Who was your 4 th grade teacher? Dreams? Usually has some emotional baggage

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Unconscious memories/thoughts are NOT accessible; the storehouse of desires and needs that we arent aware of

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Nonconscious body processes that we are not aware of, but are active

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Check for understanding With a partner, get a piece of paper and draw an example of each of the states of consciousness. Be ready to explain your drawing

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What are the stages of sleep? What are some common sleep disorders, and what are their consequences? What are the costs to your body when you dont get enough sleep? Why do we dream?

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SLEEP !!!!! On average, humans sleep 22 years of their lifetime Seventeen hours of sustained wakefulness leads to a decrease in performance equivalent to a blood alcohol-level of 0.05% body temperature and the brain's sleep-wake cycle are closely linked

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Biological Rhythms - natural life cycles that help to guide our levels of awareness and our behaviors Examples? Jet lag

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Annual Cycle Seasonal changes affecting moods, appetite, sleep patterns 28 Day Cycle female menstrual cycle 90 Minute Cycle sleep cycle 24 Hour Cycle daily cycle of levels of alertness, hormones, body temperature, etc., aka circadian rhythm

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What hormone affects wakefulness?

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Types of sleep REM Sleep: rapid eye movements and dreaming occur and voluntary muscle activity is suppressed NREM Sleep: quiet, typically dreamless sleep in which rapid eye movements are absent

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Why do we sleep? Restorative theory of sleep Sleep promotes physiological processes that restore and rejuvenate the body and the mind NREM = bodily restoration and REM = mind restoration

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Why do we sleep? Adaptive theory Adapting to environment in response to necessity for alertness for predators

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Stages of Sleep Pre-Sleep: transition to sleep: hypnagogic hallucinations and myoclonic jerks You may hear a loud crash, hear someone call your name, feel a sensation of floating, smell something burning, see a variety of colors Involuntary muscle spasms

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Stage 1 Light sleep 5-10 minutes Gradually disengage from sensations Still able to regain consciousness easily Some hypnagogic experiences continue here

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Stage 2 Breathing, heart rate, brain activity slow down Eye movement stops Some small muscle twitches Sleep Spindles - Quick bursts of brain activity that last for a second or two

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Stage 3 Deep sleep If you are woken up during this stage, you may feel groggy and disoriented for several minutes

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Stage 4 60 min in Deep deep sleep Heart rate and breathing drop to their lowest levels may take 15 minutes or more to regain consciousness from this level

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Stage 4 It is possible to carry conversations, answer the phone, walk in this stage and never remember it Most sleeping disorders occur during this time

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Sleep cycles 1-2-3-4-3-2-5 234325 etc

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SmartBoard Activity

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Stage 5 REM sleep Brain becomes active, heart rate and breathing increase, sexual arousal BUT voluntary muscle movements are suppressed (paralysis)why? Vivid dreams

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The Brain during REM sleep Visual Cortex & Frontal Cortex are basically OFF. Amgydala and hippocampus are active

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Memory Consolidation Procedural Memories are REACTIVATED

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Check for understanding Draw or write a short story depicting the 5 stages of sleep http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =2_HXUhShhmY

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What time should you go to sleep? 1 st REM stage ~15 minutes 1 st sleep cycle ~90 minutes total ~5 per night Length of time in REM/night REM blocks and napping Sleepyti.me

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Individual Differences in Sleep Drive 8 hours per night? Nonsomniacs: sleep far less than most but do not feel tired during the day Naps

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Sleep dysfunctions and disorders

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A condition in which a person regularly experiences an inability to fall asleep, to stay asleep, or to feel adequately rested by sleep. Insomnia

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Usually within the first three hours of sleep The sleeper typically has the ability to navigate around objects, but in a stiff, automatic manner Sleepwalking (somnabulism)

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either when falling asleep or when awakening Aware while paralyzed for REM http://clipsforclass.com/consciousness Sleep paralysis

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Snoring? sleeper repeatedly stops breathing during sleep Carbon-dioxide builds up in the blood, causing a momentary awakening, during which the sleeper snorts or gulps for air Sleep apnea

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excessive daytime sleepiness and brief lapses into sleep throughout the day arousals usually trigger sleep laughter, anger, surprise, sex Instant loss of muscular control and entrance REM sleep (the dreams are often terrifying) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w N1_yS6_5T4 Narcolepsy

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Usually ~3 hours in during Stage 4 High arousal appearance of being terrified Then right back to sleep no memory of the event http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u jSv2z3MEk Night terrors Nightmares Occur towards morning during REM

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Are you getting enough sleep?

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8 hours suggested for adults typical adult sleeps less than 7 9 hours suggested for teenager typical teen sleeps only about 6 Sleep deprivation

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Effects of sleep loss Fatigue Impaired concentration Immune suppression Irritability Slowed performance Accidents

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So what about dreams? 25% of sleep spent dreaming 2 hours/night 6 years of life Sleep thinking much more common Vague, uncreative thoughts about real events, during slow wave

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Sleep and dreams Dreams: sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind Remembering dreams?

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Sleep and dreams Emotions can be intense Content/organization are usually illogical Bizarre sensations Even bizarre detail is uncritically accepted Dream images are difficult to remember

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Sleep and dreams Lucid dream: consciously perceiving and recognizing that one is dreaming, enabling more control over the content and quality of the experience

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What do you think dreams are for? How can we interpret them?

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What are dreams for? Activation synthesis model Psychoanalytic interpretation

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Activation synthesis model physiological processes of the brain cause dreams areas of the limbic system involved in emotions, sensations, and memories become active during REM

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Psychoanalytic interpretation The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud wish fulfillment discharge otherwise unacceptable feelings sex and aggression

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When is a cigar just a cigar? The manifest content of a dream is the literal storyline and events that occurred The latent content of a dream is the interpretation

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Dream Interpretation