what is computer and how it works ?

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Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division I.T. for Management CHAPTER-1 What is Computer & How it works We Learn – A Continuous Learning Fo

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Computer is a device that can process information. Bus, power supply, ports and other peripherals such as modems etc. form the components of a computer. For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc

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Page 1: What is Computer and How it Works ?

Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division

I.T. for Management

CHAPTER-1

What is Computer & How it works

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Page 2: What is Computer and How it Works ?

Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division

What is a Computer &How it works

What is a computer

A computer is a device which can process information

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Page 3: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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What does a computer consist of:

• A computer consists of Hardware and Software

• Hardware is the nuts and bolts of the machine that is the bare electronic circuit

• Software are the instructions given to the machine which makes it perform the necessary tasks

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Page 4: What is Computer and How it Works ?

Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division

Components of a Computer

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Page 5: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Components of a Computer

• The CPU Central processing unit• Random access Memory (RAM)• Read Only Memory (ROM)• Secondary Storage devices• Hard disk• Floppy Drive• CD/DVD Drive• Pen Drive

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Page 6: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Components of a Computer

The Input Devices

• Key Board• Mouse• Touch Screen• Scanner• Track ball

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Page 7: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Components of a Computer

The Output Devices

• Printer• Plotter • Screen/VDU

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Page 8: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Components of a Computer

• Bus• Power Supply• Ports• Other peripherals Such as Modems etc

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Page 9: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Basic functions & Characteristics of hardware components

CPU

• Brain of Computer• In present day context CPU is Microprocessor• It can perform Arithmetic, logic & moment of data

within & with other devicesWe Learn – A Continuous Learning Forum

Page 10: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Basic functions & Characteristics of hardware components

CPU is Characterized by:

• Word length 8,16,32 bit processor• Instruction set• Clock speed expressed in Mega hertz • Architecture i.e no of storage areas called

registers

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Page 11: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Basic functions & Characteristics of hardware components

What to look for in selecting CPU:

• Larger Word length means greater memory access, greater speed in instructions per sec.

• Larger Instruction set makes CPU more versatile

• Higher Clock speed results in higher speeds

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Page 12: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Basic functions & Characteristics of hardware components

RAM• Is memory where all transient data, programs &

status information is kept while computer is on & executing some task.

• RAM is volatile & its information is lost once machine is switched off.

• This increases the overall performance of the computer

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Page 13: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Basic functions & Characteristics of hardware components

• Higher the RAM available, larger the space available to the CPU for storing programmes & data.

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Page 14: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Basic functions & Characteristics of hardware components

ROM• The read only memory is a memory where all

data programs are hard coded into• ROM is non-volatile & its information is not lost

once machine is switched off• As soon computer is switched on micro code

stored (burnt) into the chip gets activated & is loaded into ROM

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Page 15: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Basic functions & Characteristics of hardware components

ROM• Typically, ROM contains software functions required for the operation such as reading/writing to a disk or sending information to printer etc.

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Page 16: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Basic functions & Characteristics of hardware components

• Secondary Storage Devices• Since RAM is volatile, there is need for semi

permanent means of storage.• The secondary storage devices provides the

means of storing, retrieving ,& modifying information

• Devices such as Hard disk, tapes, floppy drive are considered as secondary storage devices

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Page 17: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Secondary Storage Devices

• What to look for secondary devices • Speed• Capacity• Latency• Portability• External Vs

internal fittings

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Page 18: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Input / Output Devices

• Input /output devices enable human beings to interact with the computer

• The common characteristics are:- Character set devices are recognized to certain

character set- Larger the character more versatile would be device- Ports-Parallel ports tend to be faster than serial ports- Resolution-this refers to the accuracy & fidelity of the device in recognizing or representing a specified letter or symbol- Closer the representation better the resolution for instance a picture on low resolution would not

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Page 19: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Input / Output Devices

• The common characteristics are:……………(continue)• Portability:

- Input /output devices tend to get moved around to suit the users convenience, hence they need to be more portable & plug & play

• Ergonomically:- Since computer input/output devices are most visible components they should be good design look & feel

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Page 20: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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BUS

• Bus is an electrical connector which connects all the hardware components of a computer

• Their would be at least a data bus, a instruction bus & control bus each carrying data, instruction& control signals respectively.

• Bus is like common highway shared by all all data traffic moving between various components of the computer. ……..Cont

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Page 21: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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BUS

• Since CPU has to access memory frequently, separate bus is provided which is known as Direct Memory Access(DMA)

• The capacity of bus is indicated by number of parallel lines of data traffic moving between the various components

• Thus it could be 16,32or 64bitbus • Higher the number of bits faster will be data

transfer& greater bandwidthWe Learn – A Continuous Learning Forum

Page 22: What is Computer and How it Works ?

Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division

Ports

• Ports are external interfaces of the bus to enable people to connect external devices

• The keyboard, mouse, pen drive are all connected to external ports

• Greater the no of ports offer along with the comp , greater the no of devices that can be connected at the same time

……….Cont.We Learn – A Continuous Learning Forum

Page 23: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Ports

• There are various standards for Ports• Serial ports are used by mouse• Parallel ports are for printers• Pen Devices fit on USB ports• The wider the variety of ports available better

it is, since we wish to connect many devices to computer such as for audio/video

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Page 24: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Ports

• Ports are the places on the outside of the computer case where you plug in hardware. On the inside of the case, they are connected to expansion cards.

• There are also extra ports to plug in extra hardware like joysticks, game pads, scanners, digital cameras and the like.

• The ports are controlled by their expansion cards which are plugged into the motherboard and are connected to other components by cables-long, flat bands that contain electrical wiring.

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Page 25: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Power Supply

• The power supply coverts the A.C. power from mains to D.C. voltage& current levels so that it can serve different devices

• It is critical that the power supply provide exactly the right kind of power or the motherboard will be fried! Be careful when you are replacing the power supply or motherboard that they match

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Page 26: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Power Supply

• Depending on how many devices connected to computer you need a power supply with sufficient capacity.

• Capacity of power supply measured in terms of Kilo Watts or KVA

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Page 27: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Modem

• A modem is communication device• It converts digital signals from computer into

waveforms signals suitable for a telephone & like back to digital signals

• Modems are characteristics by there speed expressed in terms of bits per second

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Page 28: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Modem

Modems of 56kbs are common now a days

However broadband may require different types of modems

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Page 29: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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A typical computer configuration

• Microprocessor such as Pentium, Celeron, AMD• OS such as Windows 98, 2000, Xp, Linux etc.• Ram with size 64 ,128 ,265,512 MB• Disk Drives Hard Soft, ZIP, CD, DVD• Display Color, Mono chrome• Battery lithium, Nickel-Cadmium• Ports Serial Parallel, USB• Sound Cards, Speakers etc.

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Page 30: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Software components of computer

• System software• Utilities• Language compilers• Database Management systems• Networking & communication Software• Security related software• Infrastructure management system• Wide variety of software components

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Page 31: What is Computer and How it Works ?

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Software components of computer

• Application software• Canned software• Packed Function software• Enterprise solutions• Custom based solutions using language

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Page 32: What is Computer and How it Works ?

Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division

I.T. for Management

End of Chapter 1

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