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What are we going to call the first people who lived in North

America?

Where did The First Occupants come

from?

How did the First Occupants get to North America ?

What were the names of the 3 main

groups of First Occupants?

•What region did the Iroquoians live in ?•What regions did the

Algonkians live in ?•What region did the Inuit

live in ?

How did the first Occupants live in the year 1500?

Did the 3 groups of First Occupants live in the same places?

Because the 3 groups of First Occupants lived in different

places, they lived in different ways

Iroquoians: the way they lived• Iroquoians lived

in the St-Lawrence Valley• The soil was very

FERTILE• Fertile means

good for growing vegetables

Iroquoians were farmers!

• They grew vegetables• corn, beans, squash• Men hunted animals

sometimes for meat• Farming is where they

got most of their food

Iroquoians stayed in the same place

• Because they were farmers

• They grew food• They lived close to

where they grew food• Staying in one place is

called SEDENTARY• Iroquoians had a

sedentary way of life

Iroquoian Homes

• Iroquoians lived in villages

• There were a lot of houses in the village.

• The houses were called ‘LONGHOUSES’

Inside a Longhouse

Longhouses were made of….

• Wood• Bark from trees• Animal fur and bones• Other natural materials

Villages were protected

• Iroquoian villages were protected by a wall

• This wall was made out of large pieces of wood

• The wall protected the village from attacks

Iroquoians Con’t• How did they travel?– Travel by foot

(snowshoes in winter) or by canoe (on waterways)

• What did their housing look like?– They built semi-

permanent structures called ‘longhouses’

– Each longhouse housed several families

Iroquoians Con’t

• How did they farm, hunt and store food?– Simple tools like stone

axes, bows/arrows and baskets allowed them to live and maintain a sedentary life

• Animal skins/furs comprised most of their clothing trade with Algonkian tribes

Iroquoians Con’t

• Why were longhouses semi-permanent?– Every 8-10 years, the soil

the Iroquoian tribes farmed became infertile…so they had to change where they lived

– A new Group of longhouses was built elsewhere

Iroquoians Con’t• Iroquoian social

structure was known as MATRIARCHAL

• What did this mean for them?– Women made important

decisions, were the leaders of permanent settlements and decided who would be the chief of the tribe/village (a man)

Algonkians: their way of life

• Algonkian groups lived in the ‘Canadian Shield’ and Appalachian Mountain Regions NOT FERTILE

• NON FERTILE= hunting and gathering= NOMADIC

Algonkians Con’t • They did not farm like the

Iroqouian tribes, so they relied on hunting animals and gathering wild vegetation like berries

• Summertime=fishing grounds

• What was their housing like?– Small/portable dwellings

called wigwams– 2-4 families per wigwam

Algonkians Con’t

• How did Algonkians travel?– Foot, canoe, snowshoes,

tobogans• Tools?– Bows/arrows, stone

axes, fishing implements like nets

Algonkians Con’t

• The social structure= PATRIARCHY

• What does that mean?• The opposite of

MATRIARCHAL • Men made important

decisions and were placed in leadership roles