What are our organs made up of? How do

you know? 

computation (kam pyu ‘ta shen) (noun) - the act or process of computing or calculating something;

calculationThe solution to the problem required a series of careful

computations whereby if one followed the order of operations one arrived at the answer easily.

CELLS!

What are cells?Robert Hooke in 1665 first called the tiny

chambers he saw in a microscope cells. All living things are made out of cells! Cells contain living matter.

CELLS MAKE UP EVERY LIVING THING!Plants are made of CELLS!Animals are made of CELLS!Bacteria are CELLS!

Can we see them?Most cells are very small so we can’t see them

without a microscopeBUT a chicken egg is just one large cell..

Let’s talk about scale…

The Cell TheoryWhat do cells have to do with life?

1. All living things are composed of cells

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things

3. New cells are produced from existing cells

All living things

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Plants

Animals

Fungi

Protists (unicellular eukaryotes)

Why are cells named that way?From Greek words…

EU means TRUE PRO means BEFORE KARYON means NUCLEUS

Eukaryote = TRUE NUCLEUSProkaryote = BEFORE NUCLEUS

All cells have DNA, in eukaryotes it is stored in the nucleus

Prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus, and it floats around in the cytoplasm the nucleoid region

Only eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles

Prokaryotic cells (prokaryotes)Prokaryotic cells (prokaryotes)

• Do not have a nucleus--their DNA is spread through the cell

• Do not have membrane-bound organelles

•Known as BACTERIA!!!

•Are always UNICELLULAR

•Only made up of one cell!

What type of bacteria are in yogurt?

streptococcus thermophilus

What type of bacteria give me strep throat?

Streptococcus- many different types

What type of bacteria are in my intestines?

Candida albicans

Eukaryotic Cells (eukaryotes)Larger and more complex than prokaryotes

They have a NUCLEUS that separates the cell’s genetic material from the rest of the cell

They also have membrane-bound organelles (like Golgi apparatus, ER, lysosomes, etc.)

Eukaryotes: plants, animals, fungi, protists (unicellular eukaryotes)

Test Yourself!

Statement Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

1. Have a nucleus

2. Have membrane-bound organelles

3. Contain genetic material (DNA)

4. Can be single or multi-celled

5. Can only be single-celled.

6. Have a plasma membrane and cytoplasm

Types of Eukaryotes:Animal vs. Plant Cells

No cell walls (only cell/plasma membrane)

No chloroplasts

Many small vacuoles for storage

Cell wall (gives rectangular shape) and cell/plasma membrane

Chloroplasts for photosynthesis

One large central vacuole

Animal cells Plant cells