what are appropriate border surveillance technologies?
DESCRIPTION
Presented at USA-SOUTH AFRICA: BORDER SURVEILLANCE AND ANTI-POACHING TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION SYMPOSIUM Dr. Stephen Lee, Chief Scientist U.S. Army Research OfficeTRANSCRIPT
What are Appropriate Border Surveillance Technologies?
Dr. Stephen Lee, Chief Scientist
U.S. Army Research Offi ce
SEPTEMBER 16, 2014 • PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA
United States – South AfricaBorder Surveillance Technology
Cooperation Symposium
Dr. Stephen Lee, Chief ScientistU.S. Army Research Office
3
Agenda
• U.S. ARO Overview• Counter Poaching Perspective• Projects Being investigated• Observations
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U.S. Army Research OfficeOverview
• Utilize the vast intellectual capital of our nation’s universities to:
• Exploit scientific opportunities for revolutionary new Army capabilities
• Drive science to develop solutions to existing Army technology needs
• Accelerate transition of basic research
• Strengthen university, industry, government partnerships
• Educate and train the future S&E workforce for the Army
Research ranges from atom optics for underground bunker/tunnel detection to nano-energetics for more powerful and insensitive
munitions and propellants
• 293 Institutes of higher learning • 1093 Individual investigators • 47 Research centers
Chemistry Computing and
Info Science Electronics Environmental Life Sciences
Materials Mathematics Mechanics Network Science Nanoscience Physics
Research Thrusts
U.S. Army Research OfficeOrganization
Director
EngineeringSciences
PhysicalSciences
OperationsDirectorate
InformationSciences
SupportManagement Physics Mechanical
SciencesMathematical
Science
InformationManagement Chemistry Materials
ScienceComputational
Sciences
AcquisitionCenter
LifeSciences Electronics Network
Sciences
EnvironmentalSciences
OutreachPrograms
Military Deputy
Chief Scientist
Legal Counsel
Special Assistant
ARO executes the majority of ARL’s university research
~ 100 employees at RTP, NC
44 PhD Program Managers
U.S. Army Research OfficeInternational Cooperation
Perspective:The U.S. Army Faces Similar Challengesto those of Counter Poaching Activities
Perspective:The U.S. Army Faces Similar Challengesto those of Counter Poaching Activities
ONE of 1,000+ in South Africa in 2013
CounterNarcotics
Organized
Crime
Terrorism
Cross-BorderSanctuaries
Infiltration
Large AreaSurveillance
Small Unit ConflictMoney Laundering
Smuggling
AdvancedWeapons
ChemicalWeapons
Inadequate
Budgets
Guerilla Tactics
Command &
Control
Own the NightIntelligence
Border Control Gate/PortalControl
CounterInsurgency
Friendly ForceTracking
To Win, we need to get ahead of the ActTo Win, we need to get ahead of the Act
Counter Improvised Explosive Device
Counter Poaching
Acquire & Store
Transport
BombBuilder
Transport Device
Concealment
Detonation
The Act
AcquireTrain
Recruit
Spot
Infiltrate
Organized Crime / State-sponsored Corruption
Poachers
LocalHandlers
LocalTransport
NationalTransport
InternationalTransport Manufacturers Suppliers
Consumers
Poaching Supply Chain
Counter PoachingR&D Technical Framework
Counter PoachingR&D Technical Framework
IndigenousInitiated
Organized Crime / State-sponsored Corruption
Poachers
LocalHandlers
LocalTransport
NationalTransport
InternationalTransport Manufacturers Suppliers
IndigenousInitiated
Night Vision
UAVs, Aerostats Dyes
Unattended Sensors GPS Tags
Horse-Dog Teams Ethnographic Analysis
RFID Proximity Tags Forward-Deployed Forensic Labs
Poaching Supply Chain
Consumers
Counter PoachingR&D Technical Framework
Counter PoachingR&D Technical Framework
PoachingPoaching
Organized Crime / State-sponsored Corruption
Poachers
LocalHandlers
LocalTransport
NationalTransport
InternationalTransport Manufacturers Suppliers
Contraband Detectors
GPS Tags & Seals
Beef Test
IndigenousInitiated
Poaching Supply Chain
Consumers
Counter PoachingR&D Technical Framework
Counter PoachingR&D Technical Framework
TransportationTransportation
Organized Crime / State-sponsored Corruption
Poachers
LocalHandlers
LocalTransport
NationalTransport
InternationalTransport Manufacturers Suppliers
EthnographicAnalysis
IndigenousInitiated
Poaching Supply Chain
Consumers
Counter PoachingR&D Technical Framework
Counter PoachingR&D Technical Framework
ConsumerConsumer
Counter Poaching Funding StatusU.S. Army R&D Technical InitiativesCounter Poaching Funding StatusU.S. Army R&D Technical Initiatives
Current Funding StatusFunded
Partially Funded **
Poaching Supply Chain
Contraband Detectors
GPS Tags & Seals
Beef Test
Demonstrations of existing Army Technologies & Systems **
Organized Crime / State-sponsored Corruption
Poachers
LocalHandlers
LocalTransport
NationalTransport
InternationalTransport Manufacturers Suppliers
IndigenousInitiated
Consumers
Night Vision
UAVs, Aerostats Dyes
Unattended Sensors ** GPS Tags
Horse-Dog Teams Ethnographic Analysis
RFID Proximity Tags Forward-Deployed Forensic Labs
EthnographicAnalysis
Contraband DetectionRhino Horn Sensing
Contraband DetectionRhino Horn Sensing
Supported by U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and White Oak
Prototype Beef TestDiscriminate Game Meat
Prototype Beef TestDiscriminate Game Meat
ObjectiveTo develop and field test a rapid analysis tool (~2 hours) to discriminate between “beef” and game meat to interdict poaching
Draw a Genetic Line
Positive on test identifies Cattle (Bos Taurus) or Zebu (Bos Indicus) or hybrids
Negative on test indicatesNOT Cattle (Bos Taurus) and NOT Zebu (Bos Indicus). Further laboratory testing is required to identify species.
Unattended SensorsDoppler Radar for ID & Tracking
Unattended SensorsDoppler Radar for ID & Tracking
rScene®Micro RadarClassificationAlgorithms
Supported by NC Zoo and MCQ Inc.
Unattended SensorsDoppler Radar for ID & Tracking
Unattended SensorsDoppler Radar for ID & Tracking
Supported by NC Zoo and MCQ Inc.
ElephantRhino
Dog
Time
Freq
uenc
y
• Objective to develop and field test a system for monitoring and tracking people, vehicles, and target animals.
• Distinct animal signatures collected.• Each radar can monitor an area of
approximately 100 by 300m• Radar can be complemented with seismic,
acoustic, magnetic, and cameras
Final ObservationsFinal Observations
Dr. Stephen LeeChief Scientist
U.S. Army Research Office
919-549-4365
P.O. Box 12211
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
USA 27709-2211
www.aro.army.mil
ObservationsObservations