WH1 – Renaissance (1300-1600) - Rebirth of art and learning in Europe How did the Crusades stimulate trade?

• by introducing Europeans to many desirable products, and ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Economic Effects of the Crusades

1. _________________________________________ for Middle Eastern products 2. ___________________________________________________________________ to trade in Middle Eastern markets 3. Encouraged the use of _______________________________________________________

Economic Concepts of the Renaissance Define usury.

• loaning money with ________________________________________________________________ Was the Church in favor of usury?

• __________________ usury and the banks’ practice of charging interest helped to secularize northern Italy. What did a letter of credit do?

• ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

What is secular? • _____________________________ related

How were Arabic numerals used?

• ______________________________________________________________________ were introduced

Significance:

• wealth accumulated from European trade with the Middle East ______________________________________ __________________________________________

• Wealthy merchants were __________________________________________. • ________________________________________

Locations of Italian City-States What 3 city-states did the Italian Renaissance begin? ________________________________________________________ How did the Italian city-states’ proximity (closeness) to the Middle East make it a good location?

• ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ with Middle Eastern markets

• _______________________________________________________ for the distribution of goods to northern Europe How were the city-states governed?

• Were initially independent city-states ________________________________________________________________ Machiavelli Who was Machiavelli?

• was a Florentine historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer • He has often been called the founder of modern political science- had responsibilities in diplomatic and

military affairs. • He also wrote comedies, carnival songs, and poetry. • observed city-state rulers of his day

What kind of advice did he give?

• produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power (_____________________________________________________) by absolute rule

Where did he write down these guidelines? • published his ideas in a book called _____________________________________________

What type of government did Machiavelli support?

• An early modern narrative on _________________________________ • Supported ________________________________________ of the ruler • Advises that one should do _____________________________________, but _____________________________

____________________________________________ Explain the saying “the end justifies the means”.

• the way in which you do something isn’t as important as the end result The Renaissance What was the Renaissance?

• ___________________ of Art and Learning • _______________________________________ that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature. • Education became___________________________________.

Who were patrons?

• _______________________________from newly expanded trade, ________________________________ that glorified city-states in northern Italy.

Art and Literature Compare the difference between medieval and Renaissance artwork. Medieval: focused on the ____________________________________________

Renaissance: focused on_____________________________________________________________________, along with Christianity

Italian Renaissance Artists and Writers Leonardo da Vinci: _____________________________________________________________________

Michelangelo: _________________________________________________________________________

Petrarch: ________________________________________________________________ Known as the Father of __________________________________ Humanism What is humanism?

• ________________________________________ rather than divine (godly) or supernatural matters.

• Celebrated ____________________________________________ • ______________________________________________ of Greek and Roman

literature and culture • Was supported by ______________________________________

The Northern Renaissance Where will the Renaissance spread to next?

• with rise of ________________________________________ the Italian Renaissance spread to ______________________________________________

Northern Renaissance Art and Literature How will the N. Renaissance art and literature be similar to the Italian Renaissance?

• Growing wealth in Northern Europe _________________________________________________________________. • Northern Renaissance thinkers ______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________. What great invention will occur during this time?

• The __________________________________________________________________________________________ helped spread ideas.

What is the significance of it? • ______________________ (read/write)

What is the first book printed? _________________________________________ Northern Renaissance Artists and Writers Erasmus:

• ________________________________ • _________________________________________ (1511) • Poked fun at greedy merchants

Sir Thomas More:

• ___________________ (1516) Discussed _______________________________________

Significance: Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular objects (_________________________________________________________)

Gothic Architecture

• of or in the style of architecture prevalent in western Europe in the __________________________________ • ____________________________________ pointed arches, rib vaults, and flying buttresses, together with

large windows and elaborate