wetlands: restoration and creation

36
Wetlands: Restoration and Creation Andrew McMillan Cylphine Bresdin

Upload: amela-simmons

Post on 02-Jan-2016

22 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

DESCRIPTION

Wetlands: Restoration and Creation. Andrew McMillan Cylphine Bresdin. Two Approaches. Treatment Municipal Industrial Agricultural Storm Water. Mitigation Policy Restore Create Aesthetics. Wetland Functions. Multiple major Functions Catchment Slows and detours storm runoff. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Wetlands:Restoration and Creation

Andrew McMillanCylphine Bresdin

Page 2: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Two Approaches

Treatment Municipal Industrial Agricultural Storm Water

Mitigation Policy Restore Create Aesthetics

Page 3: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Multiple major Functions Catchment

Slows and detours storm runoff

WETLAND FUNCTIONS

City park

Page 4: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Multiple major Functions Catchment

Slows and detours storm runoff Habitat

Flora Fauna microorganisms

WETLAND FUNCTIONS

Canal

Page 5: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Multiple major Functions Catchment

Slows and detours storm runoff Habitat

Flora Fauna microorganisms

Filtration Pollutants and toxins

WETLAND FUNCTIONS

Treatment Lagoon

Page 6: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Multiple major Functions Catchment

Slows and detours storm runoff Habitat

Flora Fauna microorganisms

Filtration Pollutants and toxins

Climatic effects Evens out the ambient temperature

WETLAND FUNCTIONS

Golf course

Page 7: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Definitions from text page 379

DEFINITIONSconsidered all wetland types

Page 8: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

PRINCIPLES

Self sufficient over timeHabitat for aquatic and wildlife

Habitat for (re)vegetation

Surrounding environment

Transition edge effects

Micro organisms

Geomorphology

Hydrology

Purpose

Type

Page 9: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

POLICY Clean Water Act (CWA)

Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the CWAhttp://www.nap.edu.catalog/10134.html

Legal success No-net-loss

Ecological success Location

hydrology Self regulating

succession Wetland bank

compensatory

Image from text page 380

Page 10: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Restore what has been lost due to human actionWetland Reserve Program1990 Farm Bill

Bottomland forestagriculture runoffPre-filterSoil stabilizationHabitat

Image from text page 389

RESTORATION

Page 11: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Legal responsibilitiesHidden benefits

CatchmentAestheticsEcological

CREATION

Create new to replace lost

Canyon Park Detention Pond

Page 12: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

AESTHETICSCreated pond as landscape element

CALA Building Underwood Garden

Rain water harvesting and cycling Respite Education

Page 13: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Local agency over-site

CONSTRUCTEDCreated pond as backyard waste water treatment

Image from Oklahoma pamphlet on residential wetlands

Page 14: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Two Approaches

Treatment Municipal Industrial Agricultural Storm Water

Mitigation Policy Restore Create Aesthetics

Page 15: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Wetland Functions Major Function: water filtration Water will slow trapping suspended solids by

vegetation and settling out Pollutants are transformed to less soluble

forms Taken up by plants or will become inactive

Microorganisms thrive in wetland environment Microorganisms assist in transforming and

removing pollutants from aquatic systems

Page 16: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Wastewater SourcesWastewater Category

Origin Frequency Description

Municipal wastewater

Residential & Commercial

Continuous Urine, feces, paper, plastics, soaps, greases, household chemicals

Industrial wastewater

Industrial processes and leachates

Continuous- intermittent

Diluted solution of biodegradable and non-degradable chemicals

Agricultural wastewater

Agricultural practices (slaughter houses, feedlots, chemicals)

Continuous- intermittent

Diluted solution of biodegradable compounds

Storm waters Runoff from urban, suburban, & rural areas

Intermittent Diluted mixtures of mineral & organic solids, dissolved salts, nutrients, and trace constituents

Page 17: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Municipal Wastewater

Page 18: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Industrial Wastewater

• Small percentage can discharge wastewaters for wetland systems for treatment– Requires pretreatment

• Most contain toxic constituents at toxic conc. detrimental to wildlife & wetland treatment systems

Page 19: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Agricultural Wastewater

• Receives minimal treatment

• Usually through lagoons

• Treatment wetland systems are important for concentrated & pretreated agricultural wastewaters

• Urban & suburban runoff are sometimes channelized to storm sewers to municipal treatment facilities

• Most runoff is diverted to detention ponds for treatment

Storm Waters

Page 20: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

• Nitrogen Removal

Page 21: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

• Nitrogen Removal

• Phosphorous Removal

Page 22: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

• Nitrogen Removal

• Phosphorous Removal

• BOD Removal

Page 23: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

• Nitrogen Removal

• Phosphorous Removal

• BOD Removal

• Metals Removal

Page 24: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

When to construct wetlands for treatment?

• Affordable– Total costs: operation, maintenance, and

depreciation are financially feasible• Operable

– Can operation be sustained with local labor and support

• Reliable– Will system be efficient at maintain effluent

quality requirements consistently

Page 25: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

When to construct wetlands for treatment?

• Affordable– Total costs: operation, maintenance, and

depreciation are financially feasible• Operable

– Can operation be sustained with local labor and support

• Reliable– Will system be efficient at maintain effluent

quality requirements consistently

Page 26: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Free Water Surface & Subsurface Flow Systems

Page 27: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Free Water Surface & Subsurface Flow Systems

Page 28: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation
Page 30: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Carolina Bays: Horry County, SC

• Treatment plant will discharge 2.5 mgd of wastewater– Discharge 1in/week

• Slowly released after primary and secondary treatment for tertiary treatment

• 4-Bays; Alternate flow based upon flow rate and condition of bays

Page 31: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Carolina Bays: Horry County, SC

• Treatment plant will discharge 2.5 mgd of wastewater– Discharge 1in/week

• Slowly released after primary and secondary treatment for tertiary treatment

• 4-Bays; Alternate flow based upon flow rate and condition of bays

Page 32: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Fort Deposit, AL• Rely majority on

microorganisms to breakdown organic matter and nutrients

• Cells constructed to simulate natural wetlands

• System is designed for the retention time of wastewater to be ~30 days– Average decomposition rate

varies upon season therefore retention time can be adjusted by effluent adjustment

Page 33: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Fort Deposit, AL• Rely majority on

microorganisms to breakdown organic matter and nutrients

• Cells constructed to simulate natural wetlands

• System is designed for the retention time of wastewater to be ~30 days– Average decomposition rate

varies upon season therefore retention time can be adjusted by effluent adjustment

Page 34: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Fort Deposit, AL• Rely majority on

microorganisms to breakdown organic matter and nutrients

• Cells constructed to simulate natural wetlands

• System is designed for the retention time of wastewater to be ~30 days– Average decomposition rate

varies upon season therefore retention time can be adjusted by effluent adjustment

Page 35: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Conclusion

• Wastewater treatment wetlands are not the solution to all water quality issues

• Although thousands of constructed wetlands prove this process of treatment is an appropriate approach for a number of contaminants based upon the given situation

• Several factors should be considered prior to designing and building

Page 36: Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Wetlands: Restoration and Creation

Restoration, Creation, and Recovery of Wetlands, Mary E. Kentula, EPAConstructed Wetlands: Using Human Ingenuity, Natural Processes to Treat Water, Build Habitat, Joe GeltWetlands, Mitsch and GosselinkCWA report available from http://www.nap.edu.catalog/10134.html

Constructed Wetlands and Aquatic Plant Systems for Municipal Wastewater Treatment, EPAConstructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment and Wildlife Habitat, EPATreatment Wetlands, Kadlec & KnightConstructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment, Donald A Hammer

Credits