western civilization lecture 5

Western CivilizationWestern Civilization

Session 5Renaissance and Reformation Part 2

IS-VNU

Mr. Mike Beard

Western CivilizationWestern Civilization

Renaissance Renaissance LiteratureLiterature

The ReformationThe Reformation Renaissance MusicRenaissance Music The Scientific The Scientific

RevolutionRevolution

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationLiteratureLiterature

The Prince The Prince by Niccolò by Niccolò MachiavelliMachiavelli Political TreatisePolitical Treatise Written in the Vernacular Written in the Vernacular

(Italian) rather than Latin(Italian) rather than Latin Focus on Describing Focus on Describing

Human means of Power Human means of Power not Divine not Divine

Major Theme: Major Theme: Appearances vs. RealityAppearances vs. Reality


The Prince The Prince by Niccolò by Niccolò MachiavelliMachiavelli ““Criminal Virtue” - When Criminal Virtue” - When

a Prince engages in a Prince engages in “criminal” acts for a short “criminal” acts for a short yet effective period of yet effective period of time.time.

Act boldly at beginning of Act boldly at beginning of your termyour term


The Prince The Prince by Niccolò by Niccolò MachiavelliMachiavelli

Qualities of a PrinceQualities of a Prince A Perceived “Good” ReputationA Perceived “Good” Reputation Not Overly GenerousNot Overly Generous Better to be Feared than LovedBetter to be Feared than Loved It's not important to keep your It's not important to keep your

word, only to appear to keep your word, only to appear to keep your wordword


William ShakespeareWilliam ShakespeareGreatest writer of the English Greatest writer of the English

LanguageLanguage

38 Plays 38 Plays

154 Sonnets (a genre of poetry)154 Sonnets (a genre of poetry)


Sonnet 130 Sonnet 130 My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;Coral is far more red, than her lips red:Coral is far more red, than her lips red:If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.I have seen roses damasked, red and white,I have seen roses damasked, red and white,But no such roses see I in her cheeks;But no such roses see I in her cheeks;And in some perfumes is there more delightAnd in some perfumes is there more delightThan in the breath that from my mistress reeks.Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.I love to hear her speak, yet well I knowI love to hear her speak, yet well I knowThat music hath a far more pleasing sound:That music hath a far more pleasing sound:I grant I never saw a goddess go, I grant I never saw a goddess go, My mistress, when she walks, treads on the My mistress, when she walks, treads on the

ground:ground: And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare,And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare, As any she belied with false compare.As any she belied with false compare.


PlaysPlaysTragediesTragedies

HamletHamlet MacBeth MacBeth OthelloOthello

Comedies Comedies Much Ado About NothingMuch Ado About Nothing As You Like ItAs You Like It

Histories Histories Henry VHenry V Richard IIIRichard III

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationLiterature - OthelloLiterature - OthelloAppearances and RealityAppearances and Reality

IagoIago – Trusted advisor of Othello. He APPEARS to do – Trusted advisor of Othello. He APPEARS to do everything out of loyalty to Othello. In REALITY he hates Othello everything out of loyalty to Othello. In REALITY he hates Othello and does everything to destroy him. and does everything to destroy him.

Iago is Shakespeare's best villain because he is so deceptive. Iago is Shakespeare's best villain because he is so deceptive. He is often compared to Satan. He is often compared to Satan.

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationLiterature - HamletLiterature - HamletAppearances and RealityAppearances and Reality

ClaudiusClaudius – Hamlet's uncle. Killed – Hamlet's uncle. Killed Hamlet's father and married his mother. Hamlet's father and married his mother. APPEARS to be a “good” king taking APPEARS to be a “good” king taking over duties as king after King Hamlet's over duties as king after King Hamlet's death. In REALITY his is a murderer death. In REALITY his is a murderer who killed King Hamlet to seize who killed King Hamlet to seize Denmark's throne. Denmark's throne.

The Play within the PlayThe Play within the PlayHamlet organized a play which re-Hamlet organized a play which re-

enacted his father's murder. He asked enacted his father's murder. He asked his mother and Claudius to watch the his mother and Claudius to watch the play. He wanted to see how Claudius play. He wanted to see how Claudius would react. would react.

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationLiterature - HamletLiterature - HamletAppearances and RealityAppearances and Reality

QUEEN GERTRUDEQUEEN GERTRUDE

Why seems it so particular with thee?Why seems it so particular with thee?

HAMLETHAMLET

Seems, madam! nay it is; I know not 'seems.'Seems, madam! nay it is; I know not 'seems.''Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother,'Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother,Nor customary suits of solemn black,Nor customary suits of solemn black,Nor windy suspiration of forced breath,Nor windy suspiration of forced breath,No, nor the fruitful river in the eye,No, nor the fruitful river in the eye,Nor the dejected 'havior of the visage,Nor the dejected 'havior of the visage,Together with all forms, moods, shapes of grief,Together with all forms, moods, shapes of grief,That can denote me truly: these indeed seem,That can denote me truly: these indeed seem,For they are actions that a man might play:For they are actions that a man might play:But I have that within which passeth show;But I have that within which passeth show;These but the trappings and the suits of woe.These but the trappings and the suits of woe.

VIDEO SCENEVIDEO SCENE

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationLiterature - HamletLiterature - Hamlet

Greeks and RomansGreeks and RomansShakespeare gives many of his characters Shakespeare gives many of his characters names from ancient Rome. Hamlet is a play set names from ancient Rome. Hamlet is a play set in Denmark yet his character have names like: in Denmark yet his character have names like:

ClaudiusClaudius – A Roman Emperor during the time of – A Roman Emperor during the time of Christ. He was suspected of having his nephew Christ. He was suspected of having his nephew (Emperor Caligula) murdered to usurp his (Emperor Caligula) murdered to usurp his throne. throne.

Polonius Polonius – The King's Advisor– The King's Advisor

OpheliaOphelia – Hamlet's girlfirend and Polonius' – Hamlet's girlfirend and Polonius' daughterdaughter

HoratioHoratio – Hamlet's best friend – Hamlet's best friend

LaertesLaertes – Ophelia's brother – Ophelia's brother

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationLiterature - ShakespeareLiterature - Shakespeare

Greeks and RomansGreeks and RomansShakespeare also wrote Shakespeare also wrote several plays set in the several plays set in the ancient world such as: ancient world such as:

Anthony and Cleopatra Anthony and Cleopatra Julius CaesarJulius CaesarCoriolanusCoriolanusTitus Andronicus Titus Andronicus Timon of AthensTimon of AthensTroilus and Cressida Troilus and Cressida

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationReligionReligion

The ReformationThe ReformationReaction to Corruption in the Reaction to Corruption in the Western Catholic ChurchWestern Catholic Church

Indulgences Indulgences

Church Hierarchy Church Hierarchy

Corruption of the PopesCorruption of the Popes

Concern over the extreme Concern over the extreme wealth and power obtained wealth and power obtained by the Catholic Church by the Catholic Church

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationReligion – The ReformationReligion – The Reformation

Pre-Reformation Pre-Reformation John Wycliffe John Wycliffe (1328-84)(1328-84)

Advocated translating the Bible Advocated translating the Bible into vernacular languages.into vernacular languages.

Translated Bible into EnglishTranslated Bible into English

Critical of the Pope and Church Critical of the Pope and Church hierarchy hierarchy

After he died, the Catholic After he died, the Catholic Church declared him a heretic, Church declared him a heretic, dug up his bones and had them dug up his bones and had them burnedburned


Pre-Reformation Pre-Reformation John Hus John Hus (1396-1415)(1396-1415)

Spoke out against indulgences Spoke out against indulgences and the Crusades – Taught that and the Crusades – Taught that no Pope or Bishop had the right to no Pope or Bishop had the right to start a war in the name of start a war in the name of Christianity Christianity

Three of his followers were Three of his followers were beheaded for speaking against beheaded for speaking against indulgencesindulgences

Declared guilty of heresy by the Declared guilty of heresy by the Catholic Church in 1415. He was Catholic Church in 1415. He was executed by being burned alive. executed by being burned alive.


Martin Luther Martin Luther (1483-1546)(1483-1546)

Augustinian Monk – Heavily Augustinian Monk – Heavily influenced by the writings of influenced by the writings of St. AugustineSt. Augustine

Disagreed with the practice of Disagreed with the practice of Indulgences on theological Indulgences on theological grounds. grounds.

Taught that forgiveness of sin Taught that forgiveness of sin could not be purchased with could not be purchased with money. money.

1517 - Nailed his 95 Theses 1517 - Nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the All-Saints to the door of the All-Saints Church in Wittenberg, Church in Wittenberg, Germany. Germany.

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationThe ReformationThe Reformation

Martin Luther Martin Luther (1483-1546)(1483-1546)Justification by Faith AloneJustification by Faith Alone

After extensive studies of St. After extensive studies of St. Augustine and the New Augustine and the New Testament (especially the letters Testament (especially the letters of the Apostle Paul), Luther was of the Apostle Paul), Luther was convinced that we are “Justified” convinced that we are “Justified” (made right with God) by Grace (made right with God) by Grace through Faith alone. through Faith alone.

Augustine as depicted by Sandro Botticelli (c. 1480)


Martin Luther Martin Luther (1483-1546)(1483-1546)Justification by Faith AloneJustification by Faith Alone

““All have sinned and fall short of All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.” the glory of God.” (Romans 3:23)(Romans 3:23)

““None is righteous, no not one” None is righteous, no not one” (Romans 3:10) (Romans 3:10)

““Man believes in his heart and is Man believes in his heart and is justified” justified” (Romans 10:10)(Romans 10:10)

““For it is by grace you have been For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this not saved, through faith—and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of from yourselves, it is the gift of God— not by works, so that no God— not by works, so that no one can boast.”one can boast.”(Ephesians 2:8–9)(Ephesians 2:8–9)


Martin Luther Martin Luther (1483-1546)(1483-1546)The Diet of Worms The Diet of Worms

General Assembly of the Estates of General Assembly of the Estates of the Holy Roman Empire that took the Holy Roman Empire that took place in Worms, Germanyplace in Worms, Germany

Luther was declared a heretic Luther was declared a heretic

Luther's writings were bannedLuther's writings were banned

A warrant was issued for his arrestA warrant was issued for his arrest

The Diet declared that it was illegal The Diet declared that it was illegal to give Luther food or shelterto give Luther food or shelter

Permission was given to anyone to Permission was given to anyone to kill Lutherkill Luther


A large group of followers (even A large group of followers (even entire countries) separated from entire countries) separated from the Roman Catholic Church the Roman Catholic Church

Churches that separated from Churches that separated from Rome are known the Protestant Rome are known the Protestant churches because they churches because they “Protested” some doctrines and “Protested” some doctrines and the authority of the Roman the authority of the Roman Catholic ChurchCatholic Church

Violent clashes erupted across Violent clashes erupted across Europe between Catholics and Europe between Catholics and ProtestantsProtestants

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationRenaissance MusicRenaissance Music

Mass Music Mass Music

The Mass, a form of sacred The Mass, a form of sacred musical composition, is a choral musical composition, is a choral composition that sets the composition that sets the invariable portions of the invariable portions of the Eucharistic liturgy.Eucharistic liturgy.


Motet Motet

Renaissance motet is a Renaissance motet is a polyphonic musical settingpolyphonic musical setting

The cascading, passing chords The cascading, passing chords created by the interplay between created by the interplay between multiple voices, and the multiple voices, and the absence of a strong or obvious absence of a strong or obvious beat, are the features that beat, are the features that distinguish medieval and distinguish medieval and renaissance motet styles.renaissance motet styles.


MadrigalMadrigal

A madrigal is a secular vocal A madrigal is a secular vocal music compositionmusic composition

Traditionally, polyphonic Traditionally, polyphonic madrigals are unaccompanied; madrigals are unaccompanied; the number of voices varies the number of voices varies from two to eight, and most from two to eight, and most frequently from three to sixfrequently from three to six

Petrarch's poems were often Petrarch's poems were often used as lyrics for madrigals used as lyrics for madrigals

Western CivilizationWestern CivilizationThe Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific Revolution

Revolution of Multiple Revolution of Multiple DiscoveriesDiscoveries

The scientific revolution The scientific revolution was not marked by any was not marked by any single change or single change or discovery but of a series discovery but of a series of changes in thought of changes in thought and new discoveries. and new discoveries.


Significant Discoveries and Ideas of the Renaissance the Sun as the center of

the solar system Matter is made up of

Atoms not basic elements like water, air or fire.

Planets move in circular motions (orbits)


Significant Scientists of the Significant Scientists of the RenaissanceRenaissance

Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci Study of Human Study of Human

AnatomyAnatomy Mechanical and Mechanical and

Engineering designsEngineering designs



Nicolaus CopernicusNicolaus Copernicus first person to formulate first person to formulate

a comprehensive a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology heliocentric cosmology which displaced the which displaced the Earth from the center of Earth from the center of the universethe universe



Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei Improved to the Telescope Improved to the Telescope Made many significant Made many significant

astronomical observations astronomical observations Support for Copernican Support for Copernican

CosmologyCosmology



Tycho BraheTycho Brahe refuted the theory that planets refuted the theory that planets

were not in an unchanging were not in an unchanging state of perfection as state of perfection as previously assumed by previously assumed by Aristotle and PtolemyAristotle and Ptolemy

most accurate astronomical most accurate astronomical observations of his time, and observations of his time, and the data were used by his the data were used by his assistant, Johannes Kepler, to assistant, Johannes Kepler, to derive the laws of planetary derive the laws of planetary motionmotion



Johannes KeplerJohannes Kepler Assistant to astronomer Tycho Assistant to astronomer Tycho

BraheBrahe Believed in connection between Believed in connection between

the physical and the spiritualthe physical and the spiritual Reconciled heliocentrism with the Reconciled heliocentrism with the

BibleBible The first to recognize that images The first to recognize that images

are projected inverted and are projected inverted and reversed by the eye's lens onto reversed by the eye's lens onto the retinathe retina

Observed a SupernovaObserved a Supernova


Significant Scientists of the Significant Scientists of the RenaissanceRenaissanceAndreas Vesalius (1514–1564) Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564)

was an author of one of the most was an author of one of the most influential books on human influential books on human anatomyanatomy

Ambroise Paré (c.1510–1590) is Ambroise Paré (c.1510–1590) is considered as one of the fathers of considered as one of the fathers of surgery; he was leader in surgical surgery; he was leader in surgical techniques and battlefield techniques and battlefield medicine, especially the treatment medicine, especially the treatment of woundsof wounds

William Harvey (1578–1657) William Harvey (1578–1657) described the circulatory systemdescribed the circulatory system

western civilization lecture 5

Education

western civilization

renaissance literature

play hamlet

good king

reality claudius hamlets

good mother

king hamlets death

reality queen gertrude