wenner 4 pole soil resistivity test instruction word - soil resistivity testing instruction_1pg...

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www.libertyconsulting.com.au Copyright © LCS 2016 Wenner 4 Pole Soil Resistivity Test Instruction Maximum Probe Minimum Test Probe Spacings for Different Earth Grid Systems Spacing “a” (m) Small Earth Systems, Pole Top Subs Kiosk, Padmount Distribution Subs Larger Distribution Subs, Switchyards T/L Towers, Power Stations, Solar PV 20 30 50 100 Minimum acceptable spacing set for any Wenner test (m): 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30 (minimum 10 points) 1. Maximum depth of test probes shall not exceed 200mm or 1/20 th of probe spacing 'a', due to mutual resistance interference affects. This is most critical for small spacing tests (0.5m up to 23m). 2. The test meter shall be kept in a central position and a series of measurements made as two test probes (outer current & inner voltage) are moved out in equal distances on either side from the central point. 3. At least 2 locations should be tested near the substation area, with 2 orthogonal test traverses at each location. If a large variation is seen in these 2 locations, a 3 rd location should be tested nearby. 4. At least 10 test points shall be made in each traverse, in order to provide a statistically relevant data set for software analysis of the results. The test data provides only "apparent resistivity" results. Computer analysis is required to determine the "actual resistivities" from the "apparent" test results. 5. The ratio of consecutive spacings should be no greater than 1.5, preferably 1.3, in order to provide a statistically relevant data set for software analysis (1.02.0 m spacings are acceptable due to practicality). 6. The minimum recommended range of spacings for the different sites listed in the table above shall be used. Sufficient test cable lead lengths must be carried for those larger test areas. 7. Ideally, the maximum spacing distance to be used should be greater than the estimated "zone of influence" of the intended earthing system. This is the longest diagonal of the proposed earth grid or interconnected earthing system. For large areas, multiple test locations shall be chosen to cover the area for practicality. 8. When soil is dry and it is difficult to get readings, wetting of the "current" test electrode positions shall be done. If the stake resistance is still too high (> 5 k) then using multiple test stakes tied together in a ring pattern, for the outer current electrodes, is advised for the larger spacings. If high stake resistances are still impeding measurements after using the above mitigation methods, then a higher powered meter should be used. 9. If there are large fluctuations in the measured values at one particular spacing, then it is likely that interference from buried cables/pipes or stray ground currents are present. Additional sets of readings must be taken at locations not too far away. It is important to note that measurements near the site will often be subject to interference from buried structures which will result in lower apparent readings than in undisturbed soil. This is why readings cannot be taken using this method within the area of an existing substation. 10. To check that interference is not affecting readings, "transpose" the current and voltage probes in the meter. Then repeat the test for the suspect spacing measurement. If readings are similar, then the test is valid.

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Page 1: Wenner 4 Pole Soil Resistivity Test Instruction Word - Soil Resistivity Testing Instruction_1pg brochure.docx Author Grant Created Date 2/29/2016 12:34:52 PM

 

 

www.libertyconsulting.com.au Copyright © LCS 2016 

Wenner 4 Pole Soil Resistivity Test Instruction 

Maximum Probe  Minimum Test Probe Spacings for Different Earth Grid Systems 

Spacing “a”  (m)  Small Earth Systems, Pole Top Subs 

Kiosk, Padmount Distribution Subs 

Larger Distribution Subs, Switchyards 

T/L Towers, Power Stations, Solar PV 

20 30 50 100 

       

 

Minimum acceptable spacing set for any Wenner test (m):  0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30 (minimum 10 points) 

1. Maximum  depth  of  test  probes  shall  not  exceed 

200mm or 1/20th of probe spacing 'a', due to mutual 

resistance  interference  affects.  This  is most  critical 

for small spacing tests (0.5m up to 2‐3m). 

2. The test meter shall be kept in a central position and 

a  series of measurements made as  two  test probes 

(outer  current  &  inner  voltage)  are  moved  out  in 

equal distances on either side from the central point. 

3. At  least  2  locations  should  be  tested  near  the 

substation area, with 2 orthogonal  test  traverses at 

each  location.  If a  large variation  is  seen  in  these 2 

locations, a 3rd location should be tested nearby. 

4. At least 10 test points shall be made in each traverse, 

in order to provide a statistically relevant data set for 

software  analysis  of  the  results.  The  test  data 

provides only  "apparent  resistivity"  results. Computer analysis  is  required  to determine  the  "actual  resistivities"  from  the 

"apparent" test results. 

5. The ratio of consecutive spacings should be no greater than 1.5, preferably 1.3,  in order to provide a statistically relevant 

data set for software analysis (1.0‐2.0 m spacings are acceptable due to practicality). 

6. The minimum recommended range of spacings for the different sites  listed  in the table above shall be used. Sufficient test 

cable lead lengths must be carried for those larger test areas. 

7. Ideally, the maximum spacing distance to be used should be greater than the estimated "zone of influence" of the intended 

earthing system. This is the longest diagonal of the proposed earth grid or interconnected earthing system. For large areas, 

multiple test locations shall be chosen to cover the area for practicality. 

8. When soil is dry and it is difficult to get readings, wetting of the "current" test electrode positions shall be done. If the stake 

resistance  is  still  too high  (> 5  k)  then using multiple  test  stakes  tied  together  in  a  ring pattern,  for  the outer  current 

electrodes, is advised for the larger spacings. If high stake resistances are still impeding measurements after using the above 

mitigation methods, then a higher powered meter should be used. 

9. If there are large fluctuations in the measured values at one particular spacing, then it is likely that interference from buried 

cables/pipes or stray ground currents are present. Additional sets of readings must be taken at locations not too far away. It 

is important to note that measurements near the site will often be subject to interference from buried structures which will 

result in lower apparent readings than in undisturbed soil. This is why readings cannot be taken using this method within the 

area of an existing substation. 

10. To check that  interference  is not affecting readings, "transpose" the current and voltage probes  in the meter. Then repeat 

the test for the suspect spacing measurement. If readings are similar, then the test is valid.