Welcome to the Middle School

Math & Science ProgramWe’re glad you are here!

Pre-Test – Grant8:35 – 9:50

The Team… You!Try to answer these questions: Who you are What school & subject you teach Why you signed up

Introductions

Our hours are 8AM to 1 PM for June 1st-5th & 8th-12th

We will have a 10 to 15 minute break mid-day.

We have planned some field trips: Friday, June 5th to Fernbank Science Center Tuesday, June 9th to Georgia Tech (meet at 8

AM) Friday, June 12th to Stone Mountain Park

We will meet in the fall. 5:00 TO 7:30 PM

Course Basics

Fermi Questions

“How many tennis balls could fit in this room?” is an example of a Fermi question, which requires estimating physical quantities to produce an answer.

Enrico Fermi was an Italian physicist known forhis ability to take limited information and arrive at a reasonable numerical estimate.

He approached a problem by setting a lower estimate—a value that the item in question was more than—and an upper estimate—a value that the item in question was smaller than. Fermi then worked through the problem using this approach and reached a numerical estimate within identified limits. Fermi worked at the University of Chicago, and his classic question was “How many piano tuners are there in the city of Chicago?”

Another example of a Fermi question is: Can every person in the world fit inside a cubic mile? What assumptions do you need to make? What information do you need to find?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fKBhvDjuy0

Why are power’s of 10 important?

Have you seen this?

Break Time

This one is more for us. We want to see where you are mathematically speaking.

Pre-test Algebra

Isn’t the moon the back side of the sun?

Some background for Astronomy

Well, LIGHT, of course But remember, “Light” is a term that is used

differently by different people. Astronomers and other science types use the

term “Light” to mean the entire electromagnetic spectrum

Astronomers use every part of the spectrum to make observations of our planet, solar system and universe.

What do we use for any of Astronomy?

Electromagnetic Waves

Consist of changing magnetic and electric fields moving through space at the speed of light (c) = 3.00 x 108 m/s

Produced by vibrating charged particles Do not require a medium

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves

As frequency increases, wavelength decreases

As frequency increases, energy of the waves increases

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Increasing energyIncreasing frequencyDecreasing wavelength

Radio

Radio Waves

Have the lowest ________ and the longest _________.

Includes ___ waves, which are ____ (very high frequency) or ____ (ultra high frequency), and ______, with highest frequency.

frequencywavelength

TVVHF

UHF

radar

Radio Waves

Each radio station broadcasts at a set frequency. Radio waves are the ______ waves for sound.

Sound waves are converted into electrical signals and change (modulate) the carrier waves. am - ______________ modulation fm - _______________ modulation

In receiver antennae, electrons are made to vibrate sympathetically at set frequency (concept of ____________)

carrier

amplitudefrequency

resonance

Microwaves

Penetrate food _________. Match the natural frequencies of large

molecules, which vibrate and produce _______ to cook food from inside.

___ molecules in the oven are too small to be excited, and microwaves also have not effect on ______, ______, or ________.

Metals _________ microwaves. Droplets of ______ absorb microwaves and

form steam

evenly

heatAir

glass plastic ceramicreflect

water

Microwaves

CHALLENGE – When food is removed from oven, molecules continue to ___________, so __________ time is included in recipes.

vibratestand

Infrared

______ and regular sized _________ vibrate to produce infrared waves.

All objects emit infrared waves in the form of __________.

Uses for Infrared waves include:

Atoms molecules

heat

Heat lamp

Rattlesnakes sensors to hunt

Geologist finding underground lava flow & oil deposits

Doctors finding inflammation

Electromagnetic radiation to which ___________ are sensitive

Makes up less than _____% of the EM spectrum Different frequencies are seen as _____________

Human eyes

10-6

Different colors

Red – lowest ____ and _____ energy Violet – highest _____ and __________ energy

f least

f greatest

Ultraviolet

Causes ________ and ____________ Uses:

Higher UV frequencies are blocked by _________ in atmosphere.

sunburn skin cancer

Sterilize surgical instruments

Kill bacteria

ozone

X-rays

Discovered by ________________________ Produced by greatest acceleration of

____________. Uses:

Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895

electrons

medicineSecurity at airports

Gamma Rays

Highest ________ and greatest ____________ power.

Produced by _________ reactions, including decay of __________ atoms and nuclear explosions

Kills ___________ cells before it kills ___________ cells

Uses:

energypenetrating

nuclear

radioactive

cancer

healthy

Medical use in cancer treatment

If a sun spot erupts on the surface of the sun, which of the 7 types of electromagnetic radiation will reach the earth first?

Check your Neighbor

• Strange but true, they will all reach planet earth at the same time!

• Remember, they all travel at the same speed (3.0 x 108 m/s), so they all arrive simultaneously in 7 to 8 minutes after the eruption.

A Quick Tour of the three most noticed things in our neighborhood

At this point in the year, you’ve covered the information about Earth well.

Remember, the “Blue Planet” is unique amongst its neighbors, but we’ll get into that more later this week.

From our lovely home, there are two other bright spots that are easy to observe: The Sun The Moon

The Earth

The Sun is our closest star and gives light and energy to the Earth.

It accomplishes this by fusion of hydrogen atoms Fusion is the process of combining small atoms

to create larger atoms. In our Sun, the larger atom is Helium.

The Sun is considered a luminous object, that is, an object that produces its own light.

The Sun

Can you give examples of other Luminous objects?

What might students believe to be a luminous object, but is not?

Check your neighbor…

The moon is not a luminous object, rather it is illuminated by the Sun the same way as the Earth.

The moon is very rocky, and has no atmosphere.

We will explore the moon more in-depth later.

The Moon