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高三英语阅读理解专题系列

------ 如何进行词义猜测

SKILLS FOR GUESSING SKILLS FOR GUESSING UNFAMILIAR ENGLISH WORDSUNFAMILIAR ENGLISH WORDS

近三年广东高考阅读理解考点设置情况

考纲要求 考题落实情况2008 年 2009

年2010 年

1 根据上下文推断生词的词义

1 1 1

2 理解主旨和要义 2 1 1

3 理解文中具体信息 6 10 7

4 对作者的意图、观点和态度作出判断和推理

6 3 6

What kind of skills should we use

to guess the unfamiliar words while

reading?

1. In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban ( 塔利班 ), which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one.

A. allowed B. banned C. offered D. refused

2. Napoleon is said to be “undersized” with “short legs” and “fat little hands”.

Skill 1

较矮小的

1. The detectives were deluded or cheated by all the false evidence, so they caught the wrong person.

2. The football player was penalized for his rudeness and the punishment was a good lesson for him.A. called B. praised C. paid D. punished

欺骗

Skill 2

1. He’s usually loquacious, but tonight he’s rather silent.A. silent B. talkative C. quiet D. happy

2. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented. A. have a different opinion B. support C. like it very much D. doesn’t show his ideas

Skill 3

1. Some years ago, many cows in some countries were infected with FMD, that is, foot-and-mouth disease.

2. John became an orphan, who had lost both of his parents by death.

3. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.

A. dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers

口蹄疫

Skill 4

孤儿

1. Tom must be very affluent. He wears expensive clothes and jewelry, drives a Rolls-Royce, and owns a $1,750,000 house in London.A. poor B. rich C. hard-working D. happy

2. After a day of hunting, Harold is ravenous yesterday, for example, he ate two bowls of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece of chocolate cake before he was finally satisfied.extremely hungry

Skill 5

1. When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.A. a kind of books B. a piece of adviceC. a kind of medicine D. a kind of animals

2. “But,” said Kim, “ I feel that since you are my superior( 领导 , 上司 ), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”A. full of respect B. too confident and rudeC. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet

Skill 6

1. Alex pilfered money and goods from his company for several years before the losses were discovered.

A. made B. robbed C. stole D. earned

2. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.

A.strange B. firm C. kind D. clever

Skill 7

1. Word-formation clue （构词法线索）

2. Synonym clue （同义词线索 ）

3. Antonym clue （反义词线索 ）

4. Definition and explanation clues （定义、解释线索 ）5. Description and examples clues （描述、事例线索 ）

6. Cause and effect clues （因果线索 ）

7. Common sense and related information clues （常识、生活经验线索 ）

Skills for guessing unfamiliar English words

Usual forms in NMET( 常见设问形式 ):题干中常含有 mean 或 refer to 。如：1. The underlined word “ ...” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______. (2010 广东 )2. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _______. (2009 广东 )3. The underlined word “ ...” in Para.3 most probably means _______. (2008 广东 )4. What does the underlined word“ ...” mean? (2010 重庆 )5. What does“ ...” in Paragraph 3 refer to? (2010 江西 )

1. Word-formation clue （构词法线索）

2. Synonym clue （同义词线索 ）

3. Antonym clue （反义词线索 ）

4. Definition and explanation clues （定义、解释线索 ）5. Description and examples clues （描述、事例线索 ）

6. Cause and effect clues （因果线索 ）

7. Common sense and related information clues （常识、生活经验线索 ）

Skills for guessing unfamiliar English words

(1) ［ 2009 广东］ We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought.

47. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means . A. formed an idea for B. made an outline for C. made some space for D. chose some colors for

A

Focus on NMET

(2) ［ 2008 广东］“ I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.” Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.34. The underlined word “gulf ” in Para.3 most probably means _____ . A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation

C

Focus on NMET

(3) ［ 2010 山东］ ...Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not bring so much material home in the first place.

61. What does the underlined phrase “that over-consumption” refer to?

A. Using too much packaging.B. Recycling too many wastes.C. Making more products than necessary. D. Having more material than is needed.

Focus on NMET

(4) ［ 2010 江苏］ Some family names were made by a

dding something to the father’s name. English-speakin

g people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendan

ts of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert.

59. The underlined word “descendants” in the last para

graph means a person’s .

A. later generations B. friends and relatives

C. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors

A

Focus on NMET

(5) ［ 2007 山东］ When Andrea Peterson landed her fir

st teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating

a music program with almost no money for equipment

or supplies in a climate where standards-based learnin

g was the focus and music just provided a break for stu

dents and teachers.

65. The underline word “daunting” most probably means

__________ .

A. discouraging B. interesting

C. creative D. unbearable

A

Focus on NMET

(6) ［ 2010 重庆］ One morning more than thirty years

ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where

everyone from the humblest ( 卑微的 ) to the most po

werful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair n

ext to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewha

t disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was

alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly a

nd I sat down to have my breakfast.

56. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?

A. Unfriendly. B. Untidy.

C. Gentle. D. Kind.

Focus on NMET

(7)   ［ 2011 佛山一模］ Although the hazards of the 

trip were many---for example, the unbearable heat, the l

ack of 

water,  the possibility of getting lost, the presence

of  wild animals and poisonous snakes …

Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.

32. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?

A. pleasures  　　 B. conveniences  　 C. dangers  　　 D. equipment 

Focus on NMET

(8) ［ 2011 汕头一模］ When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package---blue because we think of it as a safe, and white as calm.

34. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours _________.

A. had weak attracted the customers strongly B. effects on the customers C. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interest

D

Focus on NMET

1. Word-formation clue （构词法线索）

2. Synonym clue （同义词线索 ）

3. Antonym clue （反义词线索 ）

4. Definition and explanation clues （定义、解释线索 ）5. Description and examples clues （描述、事例线索 ）

6. Cause and effect clues （因果线索 ）

7. Common sense and related information clues （常识、生活经验线索 ）

Skills for guessing unfamiliar English words

Assignment

Finish some exercises on P79-P82 after class to consolidate word guessing skills.

Try to work out some other skills.