welcome to environmental science!

Welcome to Environmental Science!

Instructor: Mr. RomanowskiOffice: Room 301

[email protected]

Materials

• 1” binder with 4 dividers• Composition book• 2 colored pens• Pencil• Your brain

CONVERSATIONLevel 0 = silence

HELP Raise hand Wait quietly as you continue to work

BELL-RINGER

MOVEMENTAcceptable reasons: Sharpen pencil Hand in/pick up materials

PARTICIPATION Writing BR in composition book Being quiet Staying in seat Having homework ready to be checked

Bell-Ringer(complete in your composition book)

What makes a question testable (able to be answered by doing an experiment)? Think of 5 things the question must have.

1.______________________2.______________________3.______________________4._______________________5._______________________

Monday Sept 12, 2011

OBJECTIVES:• Identify testable questions

from non-testable questions• Write a testable question

AGENDA• Review Scientific Process• Review criteria for a

testable question• Write testable questions


HELP Raise hand Wait quietly

TEACHER INSTRUCTION

MOVEMENTAny leaving of seat must have permission.

PARTICIPATION Answering when called Writing/taking notes Raising hand with something to say SLANT

Scientific ProcessWhere are we?

1. Select topic2. Gather background information about topic3. Write questions/select a testable question

Before you write a testable question, you need to know….

What makes a question testable?

1. It uses words like whether, when, where, what, how many, how much, and how often, rather than words like why.

2. It lists specific items that will be tested.3. It describes the conditions under which to

which to conduct the test.4. It describes the criteria that will be used.5. It can be tested using available resources.

Which is easier to test?

1. What is the importance of an opposable thumb for the ways in which humans use their hands?

2. Without using your thumbs, can you use a key to open a lock?

CONVERSATION Level 2 = SOFT Only with partner about work

assigned

HELP Red cup = emergency question Yellow cup = can wait question Blue cup = no question Continue working while you wait

PAIR SHARE

MOVEMENTAcceptable reasons: Sharpen pencil Hand in/pick up materials Restroom (only with pass)

PARTICIPATION Looking at your paper Writing/doing what task requires Staying in seat Working cooperatively with partner

Pair Share Directions

1. With your table partner, decide if each of the 6 questions on the bottom of your handout are testable or not.

2. If not testable, rewrite into a testable question on your handout.

3. You have 7 minutes to complete this task.

Testable or Not?

1. How is bug blood different from human blood?



TEACHER INSTRUCTION



Testable or Not?

2. Why do your fingers wrinkle after you take a bath?

How long does it take your fingers to wrinkle up while taking a bath?

Testable or Not?

3. Is rock music better than hip hop music?

How many more people prefer rock music rather than hip hop?

What is the effect of the type of music on a person’s mood?

Testable or Not?

4. Why does bright light cause someone to sneeze?

Does a bright light make a person sneeze?

Testable or Not?

5. Do smells affect people’s moods?

Testable or Not?

6. Is vegetarianism better than eating meat?

Who has better blood pressure vegetarians or meat eaters?



SUMMARY


PARTICIPATION Writing summary quietly Staying in seat until bell rings

Summary(write on half sheet of paper)

In a couple of sentences, summarize what makes a question testable?



BELL-RINGER



Bell-ringer(4 minutes, composition book)

Rewrite this question into a testable question.

How does yeast change over time?

Testable Question: How does the population of yeast change over a 45 minute period?

Tuesday Sept 13, 2011

OBJECTIVES:• Develop a testable

question • Develop a hypothesis for

your testable question• Understand the difference

between independent & dependent variable

• Begin writing a procedure

AGENDA:• discuss BR• Write hypothesis• Independent vs. dependent

variable• Write procedure

HOMEWORK:• Write a procedure for

making a peanut butter & jelly sandwich



TEACHER INSTRUCTION



The Process of Scientific Inquiry

Choose a testable

question to answer

Predict the answer

(Hypothesis)

Get to know your topic better

Topic Selection

Writing a hypothesis"If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this ]_____ will happen, because…

• A educated guess about what is going to happen

• It’s an educated guess because you have already completed your background research

• Keep the variables in mind. The dependant and independent variables should be clearly stated

• Make sure your hypothesis is "testable.“

• A hypothesis explains why you anticipate the outcome you have stated

Dependent variable(what you are measuring)

Independent Variable (what you are changing)

Example of hypothesis

"If a plant receives fertilizer, then it will grow to be bigger than a plant that does not receive fertilizer. This is likely to happen because…

What are the independent and dependant variables?

Independent variable =Dependent variable =

Re-write this into a hypothesis

Ladybugs are a good natural pesticide for treating aphid infected plants.

Hypothesis: If ladybugs are put on an aphid infected plant, then the population of aphids will decrease because ladybugs eat aphids and are a natural pesticide.

Let’s practice writing a hypothesis to our testable question!


HELP Red cup = emergency question Yellow cup = can wait question Blue cup = no question Continue working while you wait Ask 3 before me

INDEPENDENT WORK


PARTICIPATION Looking at work Writing or doing what task requires Staying in seat

Directions for Independent Work

• Write a hypothesis to the testable question we came up with in the beginning of class.

• You have 3 minutes to complete this task.

CONVERSATION Level 2 = SOFT Only with partner about work assigned

HELP Red cup = emergency question Yellow cup = can wait question Blue cup = no question Continue working while you wait

PAIR SHARE


PARTICIPATION Looking at your paper Writing/doing what task requires Staying in seat Working cooperatively with partner

Directions for Pair/Share

• With your partner share your hypothesis and make revisions if necessary.

• You have 2 minutes to complete this task.



TEACHER INSTRUCTION



Let’s share your hypothesis!

• If sugar is added to a yeast solution, then the population of yeast will increase because the yeast is feeding on sugar.


Choose a testable

question to answer

Predict the answer

(Hypothesis)

Develop a way to answer the question

(Procedure)


Topic Selection

Writing Procedures

1. Should be very specific, telling the person exactly what to do. (The reader should be able to complete the experiment by reading your directions).

2. Steps should be written in complete sentences and numbered in sequential order.

3. Should be written in the 2nd person as if you are talking to the reader.

Summary

• How would identify the dependent and independent variable in an experiment?

Homework• Write a procedure for making a peanut butter

and jelly sandwich

CONVERSATIONLevel 2 = soft


BELL-RINGER

MOVEMENT

None

PARTICIPATION

•Following directions•Working with partner on task assigned•Staying on task

Bell-ringer(with the person on your left, 5 minutes)• Read your partner’s procedure for making a PB & J

sandwich and do EXACTLY what they say, pretend like you are making the sandwich.

• When finished, answer this question in your composition book:

Did you find it easy or difficult to follow your partner’s directions? Explain why.

Wednesday September 14, 2011

OBJECTIVES: • Learn the features of a

well-written procedure• Write a detailed

procedure for your experiment

AGENDA:• discuss BR• Review features of a

procedure• Begin writing procedureHOMEWORK:• Finish writing procedure

for yeast experiment in composition book.

Let’s try out some of your peanut butter and jelly procedures!



TEACHER INSTRUCTION



Writing Procedures

1. Should be very specific, telling the person exactly what to do. (The reader should be able to complete the experiment by reading your directions).

2. Steps should be written in complete sentences and numbered in sequential order.

3. Should be written in the 2nd person as if you are talking to the reader.

Let’s begin writing a procedure for the yeast experiment!

(You should copy the steps in your composition book quietly)

MATERIALS (per group)

• 1 Test tube• Stopwatch• Ruler in cm• Yeast • Sugar• Spatula• tray

PROCEDURE

1. obtain materials from teacher.2. Put 1 scoop of yeast in a test tube of water

using spatula.3. Pour 2 scoops of sugar in with the yeast and

water.4. Put test tube cap on test tube and shake

yeast solution up and down twice. Then take cap off.

PROCEDURE

5. Measure the initial height of the yeast solution in cm(be sure to measure from the bottom of the test tube to the top of the bubbles). Record data at 0 minutes in your data table in your composition book.

6. Hold the test tube in the palm of your hand for 4 minutes and then measure the total height of the bubbles after 4minutes and record in data table.

PROCEDURE



SUMMARY

MOVEMENTAcceptable reasons:

NONE


SUMMARY (half sheet of paper)

• What are key things to keep in mind when writing procedures for an experiment?

HOMEWORK:• Finish procedure for yeast lab.



BELL-RINGER



Bell-ringer

Take out your procedure that you finished last night for homework. Read through the procedure listed on the handout. Then with a different writing utensil other than the one you used on your homework, make corrections to your procedure so that it has all the right steps.

Thursday Sept 15, 2011

OBJECTIVES:• Conduct an experiment

following your procedure

• Collect data in a chart for your experiment

AGENDA:• Set up data chart• Review lab expectations• Get into groups• conduct yeast lab• Clean up• Summary


Choose a specific

question to answer

Predict the answer

(Hypothesis)


(Procedure)

Run the experiment and

record data


Topic Selection

How/where should you record data?What kind of data should you collect?

Set up data chart(in composition book)

X (Independent Variable): Time (minutes) Y (Dependent variable): Height of bubbles in cm

0 minutes

3 minutes

6 minutes

9minutes

12 minutes

15 minutes

18 minutes

Hypothesis

If yeast are put into a warm water/sugar solution over the course of 1 class period, then the population of yeast would grow showing an increase in bubbles, because yeast feed on sugar and are able to reproduce.

Independent variable: Dependent variable:

CONVERSATION Up to level 3 Only about assignment Only with your group members


GROUP WORKMOVEMENTAcceptable reasons: Sharpen pencil Hand in/pick up materials Restroom (only with pass)

PARTICIPATION Looking at paper Writing or doing what task requires Talking only with group about

assignment Staying with group until finished

Failure to follow rules and procedures will result in immediate dismissal from the lab



SUMMARY



SUMMARY(on half sheet of paper)

1. Was your hypothesis proven or disproven during today’s lab?

2. What data did you collect that proves or disproves your hypothesis?



BELL-RINGER



Bell-Ringer

Look at the data you collected for the yeast lab. Write an answer to the question below based on the data.

Was your hypothesis proven or disproven. Explain why?

Friday September 16, 2011

OBJECTIVES:• Present your data in

graph form• Form a conclusion

based on your data• Learn how to write a

lab report

AGENDA:1. Lab Reports2. Graphing3. Writing Conclusions4. Work on lab reportHOMEWORK:• Write yeast lab report• Everyone in group must

turn in their own lab report• QUIZ on Monday on

Scientific Process

Mr. R’s Class Rules & Expectations1. Use respectful tones and language when interacting with

classmates and the teacher

2. Follow directions the first time they are given

3. Be a contributing member to the class who does not create distractions or disruptions

4. Use all materials properly and clean up after yourself

5. Come to class on time, wearing your ID, and prepared with all materials

What happens if I make a foolish decision?

First, we will talk about it– I expect all behaviors to self-correct at this point– Just in case it doesn’t…

You will serve a detention with me after school– During this time you will figure out how to avoid the situation in the future

and write a letter to parent/guardian explaining how and why you messed up

Then I will issue a detention referral

Then your fate is in the hands of the Dean’s office



TEACHER INSTRUCTION



Presenting your ResearchHomework (Due Monday)Write a lab report based on the yeast lab. Lab reports

must include the following sections:Testable question (done)Hypothesis (done)Materials (done)Procedure (done)Data Table (done)Graph ResultsConclusion

The Process of Scientific Inquiry(Copy in your composition book)

Choose a specific

question to answer

Predict the answer

(Hypothesis)


Run the experiment and

record data

Analyze the data and form a conclusion Get to know your

topic better

Topic Selection

How do I graph my data?

Independent Variable: Cause (What did you change?) Dependent Variable: Effect (what did you measure?)

Independent Variable:

X-axis

Dependent Variable:

Y-axisTitle:

Class Hypothesis

If yeast are put into a warm water/sugar solution over the course of 1 class period, then the population of yeast would grow showing an increase in bubbles, because yeast feed on sugar and are able to reproduce.

Independent variable: timeDependent variable: population of yeast

How to Write Conclusions based on Evidence• Was your hypothesis

supported?

• How do you know if your experiment supported your hypothesis?

• What errors did you encounter?

• What more can/should be done to further confirm your initial hypothesis?

• State whether or not the data supports the hypothesis.

• Specifically explain how the data either supports or rejects your hypothesis – I should see numbers here

• Explain any possible errors that may have affected your results

• Suggest some ways/methods to improve this investigation to get more accurate results.



INDEPENDENT WORK


PARTICIPATION Looking at work Writing or doing what task requires Staying in seat

Independent Work Directions

• On the sheet of graph paper, make a graph of your data from the yeast lab. Follow the graph in your notes.

• Begin writing your lab report on looseleaf. Be sure to include all sections of the report.

• Everyone in group must turn in their own report.

welcome to environmental science!

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