Week Two Agenda•Announcements•Link of the week•Use of Virtual Machine•Review week one lab assignment•This week’s expected outcomes•Next lab assignments •Announcements•Break Out Problems•Upcoming Deadlines•Lab assistance, questions and chat time

Announcements

Class participation

Class participation is an essential element in this class. Many times a student’s final grade borderlines the next highest grade. The score closeness could be .5 to 1. It is the instructors discretion based on the students performance in class, as to whether the next highest grade is given.

Convince me professionally, that you want an “A” in this course.

Link of the week• The link below lists most all operating systems that are

available.• http://dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems• The link below has tabs for books, posters, software, and tools• http://www.javvin.com/unix-like-poster.html• Definition of Operating System (OS)• Common operating systems are:

UNIX, Linux, HP-UX• Basic tasks performed by an operating system

– Control and allocate memory– Prioritize system requests– Control input and output devices– Facilitate networking and management file systems

Link of the weekServices Operating System (OS) perform

– Process management – Memory management

OS coordinates various types of memory – File systems– Networking – Graphical user interface (GUI) and command line– Device drivers– Security

• Internal management• External management

Use of the Virtual Machine

Knoppix features• Demonstrate how to ftp a file from Knoppix

software to the cs.franklin.edu (Einstein) machine using VMware software

Open two Konqueror windows

Enter the ftp protocol

sftp://dandrear@cs.franklin.edu/export/home/dandrear

in one screen

Open a Konsole screen and create a file to transfer to the cs.franklin.edu machine.

Review week one lab assignmentBasic vi editor commands.

vi test_file.txt

^ (place cursor on beginning of line)

$ (place cursor at end of line)

o (insert text - alpha character)

cw (change an entire word in a file)

Esc key (exit insert mode)

:wq! (save text entered in file)

:q! (quit without saving changes)

Review week one lab assignmentless command

q (terminates pagination)

Enter or Return key (advance one line)

Space bar (refresh full screen)

Location of weekly Power Point presentations:http://cs.franklin.edu/~dandrear/itec400/

Fall_Franklin_Live_Presentations

File format: Week_Two_2_ppt.ppt

Week_Two_2.pptx

Review week one lab assignmentif [ ]

thenAction statements

fi

while [ ]do

Action statementsdone

for file_name in *do

Action statementsdone

Review week one lab assignmentReserved words

The following reserved words for the Bourne shell are recognized only when they appear without quotation marks as the first word of a command.

for esac fi while

do if elif until

done then else { }

case ( )

Review week one lab assignmentNUMBER=$1

# One argument must be provided, otherwise don’t execute

if [ …]

then

…… Action statement(s)

exit …..

# The value of the command line argument can’t

# be less than or equal to zero.

elif [ …]

then

……Action statement(s)

exit …..

fi

Review week one lab assignment# Integer value must be greater than zero

while [ ……… -gt 0 ]

do

printf $variable

# If the value of the argument is greater than one, insert a comma after the integer

if [ ………… -gt 1 ]

then

printf ", "

fi

# Decrease the value of NUMBER by one with each iteration

NUMBER=$(($.................. - 1))

done

printf

Review week one lab assignment

ERROR1="error: can only use 0 or 1 arguments.\nusage: maxlines.sh [directory]"

ERROR2="error: argument must be a directory.\nusage: maxlines.sh [directory]\n"

# Verify that more than one command line argument doesn't exist.if [[ $# -gt 1 ]] then printf "$ERRORX" exit 1 fiDIR="."

Review week one lab assignment# Case #2 and 3.

# The number of arguments on the command line equals one.

if [[ $X -eq 1 ]]

then

# Is the directory entry a directory?

if [[ -X $1 ]]

then

# Assign the command line argument to the variable,

DIR="$X"

else

printf "$ERRORX"

exit 1

fi

fi

Review week one lab assignment# All cases are processed with the following code.

# Change directory to the indicated variable content.

cd $XXX

# Assign file name with highest number of new lines to the variable FILE.

FILE=$(wc –X `ls` 2>/dev/XXXX | sort –X X | tail –X X | head –X X)

# Print statement for all cases.

printf "File `echo $FILE | awk '{print $X}'` has the maximum lines with `echo $XXXX| awk '{print $X}'` lines.\n"

exit 0

Review week one lab assignmentCase #1: ./printnum.sh <numeric value>

/~dandrear/itec400/homework

Case #1: ./maxlines.sh

/~dandrear/itec400/homework

printnum.sh

maxlines.sh

Case #2: ./maxlines.sh <directory value>

cat

chmod

cp

Review week one lab assignmentman (uses the “less” command for pagination)

ls –l

ps

ls -a

cut –c 1-7

wc -l

$#

date

exit 0

exit 1

NUMBER=$2

Review week one lab assignmentcp file1 file2

mv file1 file2

rm file_1

rmdir dir_1

clear

head

tail

who

myArray[1]=$1

more

ps –ef

Review week one lab assignment

grep

find

ls

mkdir

cd $1

$1, $2, $3

cat <file name>

chmod <permission> <file name>

echo $NUMBER

less

Review week one lab assignment

sleep <number of seconds>

diff <file name> <file name>

cd <directory>

sort <file name>

umask

umask -S

who

who am i

Weeks 2 and 3 expected outcomes

Upon successful completion of this module, the student will be able to:

• Create scripts using shell variables and program control flow.

• Use man page system and find script tools. • Use redirection and pipes to combine scripts and

executables.

Next lab assignmentIn a Unix environment, the commands you

enter are executed by a program called the "shell". The user must select a command shell used to communicate with UNIX. Examples are Korn, Bourne, and C Shell.

One of the things that makes the UNIX system so flexible is its layered design. At the core of these layers is the hardware. The hardware is surrounded by system software that most users never interact withThis system software is called the kernel. The kernel is surrounded by programs (often called utilities) such as cat, date, and diff, that perform specific tasks. The shell program provides easy access to utilities and the kernel for the user.

Next lab assignment

A shell via the kernel allows user to interact with resources such as programs, files, directories, and devices. An interactive shell acts as a command interpreter.

Next lab assignmentMost shell statements can be used as a

programming language. Users can combine command sequences to create new programs. These programs are known as shell scripts. Shell scripts automate the use of the shell as a command interpreter.

The first line of any script must begin with #!, followed by the name of the interpreter.

Examples: #!/bin/ksh

#!/bin/bash

#!/usr/bin/perl

Demonstrate: cat /etc/shells

echo $SHELL

Next lab assignmentConcentric Circle Relationship

KERNELHARDWARE

Shell

Utilities

Kernel

csh

sort

ps

vi

Next lab assignment

drwxrwxrwx permissions (directory)

-rwxrwxrwx permissions (file)

lrwxrwxrwx permissions (symbolic link)

-rwx------ 2 dandrear faculty (hard link)

exit

Each command has a return value.

0 indicates normal exit

1 indicates failed exit

The return value of a command can be used with conditional or iteration commands.

Next lab assignmentUsers can connect the standard output of one

command into the standard input of another command by using the pipeline operator (|).Demonstrate:

ps -efps –ef | wc –lps –ef | awk ‘{print $2}’ps –ef | grep dandrearls –l | cut –c1-3who –b (time of last system boot)who –d (print dead processes)who –r (print current run level)

.

Next lab assignmentA process associates a number with each file

that it has opened. This number is called a file descriptor. When you log in, your first process has the following three open files connected to your terminal.

Standard input: File descriptor 0 is open for reading.Standard output: File descriptor 1 is open for writing.Standard error: File descriptor 2 is open

reading.

Next lab assignmentLinux Manual command documentation is known as “man”. Each page is a self-contained document. The Manual sections are split into eight numbered sections:

1 General commands.2 System calls3 C library functions4 Special files (usually devices, those found in

/dev) and drivers.5 File formats and conventions6 Games and screensavers7 Miscellaneous8 System administration commands and

daemons

Next lab assignmentThe grep command searches the named input

file(s) forlines containing a given pattern. Normally,each line found is reported to standard output.Demonstrate:

~dandrear/Fall2010_Solutions/foobar_1grep pattern foobar_1grep pattern *

Next lab assignmentThe find command lists all pathnames that are in

each of the given directories.Demonstrate:

find / -type d –printfind ~dandrear –type d -printfind . –printfind / -name foobar

Next lab assignment

Redirect the standard output of a command to a file.

date > /tmp/date_saved

Redirect the standard input of a command so that it reads from a file instead of from your terminal.

cat < ~dandrear/Fall2010_solutions/test.txt

Append the standard output of a command to a file.

cat foobar_2 >> foobar_1

Next lab assignmentThe coding and testing process

• Code one small script function at a time.• Test that function before adding more code to the

script.• Program coding is an iterative process

(code,test,code,test,code,test, …).

Break Out Problems1. ps | wc –l2. who | awk ‘{print $1}‘ | sort –u | wc –l3. ps –ef | awk ‘{print $1}’ | sort –u | wc –l4. sort –r names.txt5. ps –ef | awk ‘{print $9, $1}’ 6. find /bin -name gzip7. find /etc -name motd8. > newfile9. rm newfile10. date | cut –c12-1911. nohup grep This ~dandrear/Fall09_Solutions/report.txt &12. cp test_data1.txt ~dandrea/temp/test_data2.txt13. mv test_data1.txt /tmp/test_data_one.txt14. printf $NUMBER

Upcoming Deadlines

• Lab Assignment 2-1, Simple Shell Scripting, due September 26, 2010.

• Lab Assignment 3-1, Advanced Scripting, due October 3, 2010.

• Read Chapters 1 and 2 in Essential System Administration text.

• Read Module Two listed under the course Web site

Lab assistance, questions and answers

• Questions• Comments• Concerns

• After class I will help students with their scripts.