week 8 knowledge check study guide

7/17/2019 Week 8 Knowledge Check Study Guide

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eek 8 Knowledge Check Study Guide

Concepts Mastery Questions

Moral Theories100%

1 2 3 7 8 9

Legal Reasoning100%

4 5 6 10 11

Concept: Moral Theories

Mastery 100% Questions

1 2 3 7 8 9

1.

Which of the following terms refers to a moral theory that focuses mainly on

consequences?

A. Relativism



Correct:

The Correct Answer is: C.

Utilitarianism is based on the principle of maximizing happiness (or any other

measure of utility) for the greatest number of people, as well as minimizing

unhappiness for the greatest number. The means of achieving this outcome is not as

much of an issue as the actual outcome for the utilitarian.

B. Deontology

C. Utilitarianism

D. Virtue ethics

2.

Which of the following terms refers to a moral theory that focuses mainly on one’s

intentions?

A. Relativism



Correct:

The Correct Answer is: D.

Deontology is also known as "duty theory" because it focuses on ones plans or

intentions.

B. Virtue ethics

C. Utilitarianism

D. Deontology

3.

Which of the following is the most accurate match between a term and its definition?

A. Relativism is a moral theory that focuses mainly on howto be, not on what to do.

B. Virtue ethics is a moral theory that focuses mainly onhow to be, not on what to do.



Correct:

The Correct Answer is: B.

The idea is to focus on developing the most virtuous character, rather than on what

to do or not do. It's what you on the inside that counts.are

C. Utilitarianism is a moral theory that focuses mainly onhow to be, not on what to do.

D. Deontology is a moral theory that focuses mainly on howto be, not on what to do.

7.

Which moral theory would probably justify the following question: Should I commit

adultery just this once, if no one will ever find out?

A. Utilitarianism

B. Deontology

C. Absolutism



Correct:

The Correct Answer is: A.

Simple utilitarianism, the correct answer, would probably not condemn this action

(unless the person thought a secret act of adultery would have harmful effects). Duty

theory prohibits it: If you tried to universalize the principle, you'd be saying that there

should be no such thing as marriage, which logically makes adultery impossible.

Religious absolutism may appeal to a doctrine that prohibits adultery. Virtue theory

does not especially lend itself to an answer.

D. Virtue ethics

8.

Which moral theory would probably justify the following statement: Sure, we might benefit

from expanding Highway 99. But seizing a person’s property against his or her wishes is

just wrong. Period.

A. Utilitarianism



Correct:


Deontology promotes doing what is right and does not support treating people as a

means to an end.

B. Deontology

C. Religious absolutism

D. Virtue ethics

9.

Which moral theory or framework is based on the belief that actions are right or wrong

because of the beliefs of one's culture or group?

A. Religious relativism

B. Virtue ethics



Correct:


The belief in right and wrong often relies on whatever it is the person’s religious

culture or society mandates. These views can vary (that is, they are ) amongrelative

different religions and cultures.

C. Aesthetic reasoning

D. Utilitarianism

Concept: Legal Reasoning

Mastery 100% Questions

4 5 6 10 11

4.

Which of the following do you think a justification for a law against flag burning would

most likely be based on?



Correct:

The Correct Answer is: D.

The idea of destroying a symbolic thing is itself symbolic, and some people might

take that personally. People holding to the offense principle assert that what offends

them ought to be illegal. It's highly debatable which offensive acts should be

outlawed, but the extremes seem clear enough. For example, if you are offended by

some someone's haircut, that doesn't seem like an adequate reason to have a law

against letting that person go out in public, but if you are offended by someone

dumping their garbage on your lawn every day, that does seem like a good reason to

outlaw that activity.

A. Legal paternalism

B. The harm principle

C. Legal moralism

D. The offense principle



Correct:


The idea of forcing people, with threat of punishment, to do what's in their own best

interest is legal paternalism.

5.

Which of the following do you think a justification for a law requiring motorcyclists to wear

helmets would most likely be based on?

A. Legal paternalism


C. Legal moralism


6.

Which of the following most accurately describes what an appeal to precedent is?



Correct:


This is the practice of using a case that has already been decided in a court of law

(the precedent) as an analog or analogy to the case in question. If the case in

question is sufficiently similar to the precedent, and the precedent stands on the

authority of the court's ruling, then it may be argued, by analogy, that the case in

question should receive the same ruling.

A. A type of inductive generalization

B. A type of analogy

C. A type of disjunctive syllogism

D. A type of causal argument

10.

Which of the following terms refers to a justification for laws against some action that

harms other people?



Correct:


One criteria for making any action illegal is whether that action causes harm to

others. By this justification, it is the only grounds by which an action should be

measured.

A. Legal moralism


C. Appeal to precedent


11.

Which of the following terms refers to a justification for laws against some action that is

deemed immoral?



Correct:


If an action is considered immoral under the law, a claim is then made that the law

should make such immoral actions illegal.

A. Legal moralism


C. Appeal to precedent


week 8 knowledge check study guide

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