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Page 1: week 3- week 10
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Constructing Environment logbook Week 3

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The stairs of union house The stairs is made of steel beams and wires. The steel beams are welded together to form a single structure of a staircase. However, the wires doesn’t help hold the load of the stairs. The loads of the stairs would transfer back to the building by cantilevers.

Arts west There is a combination of membrane, surface systems and a frame. The wood beam transfers the load from the top but it doesn’t help to carry the weight of the steel trusses, which is connected to the planar roof cladding. The large truss system has these wood beams attached to it and they are held by steel joists.

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North court of union house This structure is made by composite compounds. The composite materials would have some specific properties so that making the building ignore the exposure under the sun. The base of it uses the water system to collect the rain water from the fabric. The structure of it is called tensile membrane structure. All cables are in tension.

The swimming pool of gym It uses steel columns to support the buildings which prevent from collapsing. The concrete foundation wall is to support the structure, also to protect the glass.

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North side of oval pavilion. The wall is built by concrete and masonry walls and it is the wall system of the building. The main material of the building is clay bricks. Moreover, the wall is one of the main elements of the building. Therefore, the wall transfers the loads down to the floor systems.

The café The café building is made of steel-concrete. The grey column is used for transferring the applied gravity to the foundation. Glass is one of the main materials of the building. Therefore, it is easy for people to clean the outlier of the building. Also, glass and several aluminum frames form the enclosure system of the building.

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Underground car park The car park is located at the underground of the south lawn. As the picture shows, the reinforced concrete columns support the car park. Moreover, above the car park, there are lawns and trees, which shows that the design of the car park is efficient. Also, the columns allow rainwater flow down to the drainage, which is also an environmental design.

Frank Tate Pavilion This building is made by timber-steel. From the picture we can see the roof system and floor system are both used under the construction. The main structural elements of the building are columns and beams.

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Constructing Environment logbook Week 4

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Span and spacing

Span: distance between two structural support (horizontal and vertical)

Spacing: repeating distance between a series of similar elements (center line to center line)

Flooring and framing

Concrete: can be 1 way or 2way span

Steel: heavy weight beams or light steel frames can be used.

Timber: combinations of bears and joists, which bears are primary beam and joists are secondary beams.

Dead and live loads will travel down concrete beams and slabs to the foundations of the building. Slabs: various

types that used to span between structural supports. They can be 1 way or 2 way.

Knowledge map

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Lecture of week 3

Olympic constructs: •London 2012 Olympic Park shows an accelerated process of urban transformation in East London •The Olympic development fast tracked 25-30 years of planned work into a single decade. •Bridges were built to suit the topography. •Materials were important in building designs, because some were temporary and needed to built quickly •People would have pressure to consider environmental impacts before the construction.

Lecture of week 4

Oval pavilion •hybrid building, hybrid materials •3D modelling •solve problems of heavy steel, masonry •project using drawings •vertical timber structure and horizontal steel framing •think about time, budget and product •

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Constructing Environment logbook Week 5

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Lecture of week 5 Construction process of new building When there is excavation, retaining wall system is needed, add reinforcements before pouring out the concrete. Steel reinforcement and concrete are needed for pad footings. Precast structural concrete walls and columns are made on a steel bed. It has a framework and beams as connections. The walls needed to be braced because it is a quick way for construction. Also, the walls stacked on top of each other. The cantilever is a steel framing system which the structure of it would be triangulated. People would consider the weight load of concrete before it is poured.

The pavilion

Source:http://www.sport.unimelb.edu.au/Pavilion

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Wall system

Structural frames: concrete, steel or timber frames

Load-bearing walls: concrete, masonry

Stud walls: light gauge steel frame and timber framing

Metal and timber stud frame: use small sections of light gauge steel timer frame

Concrete: grid of columns

Steel: grid of steel columns connected by girders and beams

Timber: grid of timber connected to timber beams

Masonry Solid masonry Cavity masonry

Timber

Early wood

Late wood

softwoods

Engineered timber

Knowledge map

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Glue the beam footings. Then double the footings for reinforcing.

Stick the brace on the wall systems to make the wall stronger.

Steel frames to Support the roof

Try to build and glue walls

The wall is built successfully

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Constructing Environment logbook Week 6

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Roofing system

Flat roof

Pinched and sloping roof

Trussed roof

Structural steel framed roofs

Light framed roof

Metals Non-ferrous

ferrous

alloys

Most common

Most expensive

Combination of two or more metals

Knowledge Map

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Roof systems: • Flat e.g. concrete slabs, timber joists • Pitched roofs e.g. timber and steel rafters, beams and purlins Concrete roofs: • flat plates of reinforced concrete • the top is sloped towards drainage points Steel framed roofs • roof beams and purlins • can be flat and portal Trussed roofs • used for roofing construction • web timber or steel elements Spaced frames • linear steel sections • need glazing Light framed roofs • a vertical section of wall at the ends of roof

Spanning spaces •one of the main problems •architecture is about enclosing space mainly •spanning geographical space and architecture as material culture

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Lecture of week 6

171 Collins Street • surrounding scenery and buildings •think about the interest of property and people •heritage regulation

171 Collins Street, Melbourne Sources:http://www.cbusproperty.com.au/investments/projects/171-collins-street/

The New Royal Children’s Hospital • government building • near Royal Park

The Royal Children’s Hospital Sources:http://www.rch.org.au/info/

35 Spring Street -surrounding scenery •flinders lane •heritage building -profit from consumers •layout, design and function -neighbours relationship •boundaries, distance •natural environment

35 spring street Sources:http://s8.postimg.org/3vhhyxufp/35_spring.jpg

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Constructing Environment logbook Week 7

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Domes, arches and shells

Domes: spherical surface structure with circular plan.

Shells: thin and curved plate structure which is normally concrete.

Arches: curved structures for spanning.

Heat and moisture

Moisture: •a opening •water present at the opening •a force to move water through the opening

Heat: •controlling heat •temperature incresed

Rubber: •natural rubber •synthetic rubber •properties: not fragile, highly flexible, resist abrasion Plastic: •thermo plastic •thermosetting plastic •elastomer Paints: •Oil based •water based

Knowledge map

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Constructing Environment logbook Week 8

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Doors and windows

Timber door: external door or sliding door

Aluminum door: generally used in building

Steel door: used for security

windows

Aluminum: commercial building

Steel: cost more

timber

doors:

glass

properties

•transfer heat •electrical insulator •hard •waterproof •durable •fragile •reusable •expensive •high embodied energy

types

•curved •wire •photovoltaic •glass fibre •framed/slumped •float glass

Knowledge map

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Doors -entrance -boundary Structure: -door frame -door leaf Materials: -timber, aluminum and steel door and frames

Windows materials: -aluminum, timber and steel materials -windows hung off concrete structure as the exterior wall system

Components Fluxes: used to help formers melt at lower temperature Formers: any chemical compound that can be melted and cooled into glass stabilizers: combine with formers and fluxes to keep finished glass from dissolving

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Constructing Environment logbook Week 9

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•movement joints: compressed, as installed and elongated •health and safety must be considered •requirements of wearing materials •repairability of construction materials

Health and safety: •ageing gracefully •choosing materials •water damage

Cleanable surfaces: •straight base for carpet floors •but cove for residents •top set cove can be used for all floorings

Ageing gracefully •choosing materials to suit the environment •Detenoration

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Composite materials

Monolithic material: Single material Material combined

Composite materials are created when two or more materials are combined

Types: •Fibrous •Laminar •Hybrid •particulate

•Fibre reinforced cement •fibre glass •timber composites •aluminum sheet composites

Fibre reinforced cement •common forms: sheet and board product •common uses: cladding of walls and floor panels •components: cellulose fibres, sand and water

Fibre glass: A mixture of glass and epoxy reins

Timber composites: Cost effective

aluminum sheet composites: Reduce alumium, cheaper, less weright

Knowledge map

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Constructing Environment logbook Week 10

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Lateral report Wind

earthquake

Resisting: bracings on shear walls, weight of wall, moment resisting frames

Collapses and failure for beach houses

Thin and white fascia exposed to sun

Zinc-aluminum wall cladding with sealants to glue it to the timber studs

Heroes and culprits

Life cycle problems: •try to sue the best solution

Energy use and embodied energy

Heath and IEQ Waste/recycling/recycled

Knowledge map

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Glossary: Point load: is a load which is localised to a specific location to a structure.http://www.highaccess.co.uk/glossary-of-terms Masonry: stonework Load path: the load path is simply the direction in which each consecutive load will pass through connected members. https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/toolbox/buildright/ Column: an upright pillar, typically cylindrical, supporting an arch, entablature or other structure or standing alone as a moment. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/de?nition/ Tension: the state of being stretched tight Bracing: (Of a support)serving to a brace a structure Stability: the state of being stable. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/de?nition/ Frame: the rigid supporting structure of an object such as a vehicle, building, or piece of furniture. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/de?nition/english/frame?q=frame Girder: a large iron or steel beam or compound structure used for building bridges and the frame work of large buildings Steel decking: a (steel) platform or terrace attached to a house or other building. Span: the full extent of something from end to end; the amount of space that something covers. Spacing: a continuous area or expanse which is free, available or unoccupied.

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moment: a turning effect produced by a force acting at a distance on an object. Strip footing: a strip footing is a relatively small strip of concrete placed into a trench and reinforced with steel. Retaining wall: a wall that holds back earth or water Pad footing: a concrete pad footing is the simplest and cost effective footing used for the vertical support and the transfer of building loads to the ground. Seasoned timber: (old) wood prepared for use in building and carpentry. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/de?nition/english/timber?q=timber Lintel: a horizontal support of timber, stone, concrete, or steel across the top of a door or window. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/de?nition/english/lintel?q=lintel Buckling: bend and give way under pressure or strain. nogging: brickwork in a timber frame Stud: an upright timber in the wall of building to which laths and platerboard are nailed. Portal frame: a rigid structural frame consisting essentially of two uprights connected at the top by a third member. Soffit: the underside of an architectural structure such as an arch, a balcony, or overhanging eaves. Cantilever: a long projecting beam or girder fixed at only one end, used in bridge construction. Alloy: a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements

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Purlin: a horizontally beam along the length of a roof, resting on principals and supporting the common rafters and boards. Rafter: a beam forming part of the internal framework of a roof. Vapour barrier: a thin layer of impermeable material, typically polyethylene sheeting, included in building construction to prevent moisture from damaging the fabric of the building. Flashing: a strip of metal used to stop water penetrating the junction of a roof with another surface. Gutter: a shallow trough fixed beneath the edge of a roof for carrying off rainwater. Insulation: the action of insulating something Parapet: a low protective wall along the edge of a roof, bridge or balcony. Down pipe: a tube used to convey water, gas, oil or other fluid substances. Window sash: a window that has two frames fixed one above the other that open by being moved up and down. Door furniture: the handles, lock and other fixtures on a door. Deflection: a change of direction, or the act of preventing something being directed at you. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/de?ection?q=de?ection Stress: pressure or tension exerted on a material object Moment of inertia: a quantity expressing a body’s tendency to resist angular acceleration, which is the sum of the products of the mass of each particle in the body

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with the square of its distance from the axis of rotation. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/de?nition/english/moment-of-inertia?q=moment+of+inertia Shear force: strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/de?nition/english/force?q=force Sandwich panel: Aluminum Composite Panel also Aluminum Composite Material, is a type of flat panel that consists of two thin aluminum sheets bonded to a non-aluminum core. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich_panel Composite beam: a steel beam, which has a concrete decking above it, and which is connected to the concrete by shear connectors, which cause the steel and the concrete to act together. http://www.steel-bridges.com/glossary-steel-bridge.htm Bending: to (cause to) curve Cornice: a decorative border found where the ceiling meets the walls in some rooms and also along the top of some walls and buildings. Shear wall: in building construction, a rigid vertical diaphragm capable of transferring lateral forces from exterior walls, floors, and roofs to the ground foundation in a direction parallel to their planes. defect: a fault or problem in something or someone that spoils them or causes them not to work correctly.

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Soft story: soft story buildings are characterised by having a story which has a lot of open space. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-soft-story-building.htm Fascia: any flat, continuous band, such as that adjacent and perpendicular to a ceiling soffit, the portion of a wall above built-in cabinets, or the outer face of a parapet wall or protecting roof. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/202189/fascia Braced frame: a braced frame is a structural system which is designed primarily to resist wind and earthquake forces. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braced_Frame Corrosion: it is slowly damaged by something such as rain or water. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/corrode?q=corroding Lifecycle: the length of time that something lasts or can be used. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/life-cycle?q=life+cycle