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THE NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD (1660-1785): PART II 1.2 THE AGE OF SENSIBILITY (1745-1785) (OR AGE OF JOHNSON ) WEEK 2 : Class 2

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Page 1: Week 2 Class 2

THE NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD (1660-1785): PART II

1.2 THE AGE OF SENSIBILITY (1745-1785)

(OR AGE OF JOHNSON )

WEEK 2 : Class 2

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The Age of Sensibility or the Age of Johnson (1745-1785)

Samuel Johnson: ; The Rambler; Dictionary Edmund Burke: A philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of the

Sublime and Beautiful James Boswell: The Life of Samuel Johnson Edward Gibbon: The Decline of the Roman Empire Thomas Gray: Elergy written in a country church-yard

Horace Walpole: The Castle of OtrantoWilliam Cowper: The TaskTobias Smollett: The Adventures of

Ferdinand Count FathomHenry Fielding: PamelaMaurence Sterne: A Sentimental Journey

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Horace Walpole

Horace Walpole (1717–1797), English historian, Member of Parliament, connoisseur, playwright and novelist, said to have coined the termserendipity wrote the Gothic novel Castle of Otranto (1764).

Fourth Earl of Orford, Horace Walpole was born 24 September 1717 in Arlington Street, Piccadilly, Westminster, London, England, the third son of Whig politician and First Earl of Orford Sir Robert Walpole, who would soon be England's longest running Prime Minister, and his wife Catherine néeShorter. Young Horace spent most of his childhood under the loving eye of his mother whilst his father was away much of the time on business and often with his mistress Maria Skerrett, who he would later marry

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Horace Walpole: The Castle of Otranto

The first Gothic novel, Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto marked the beginnings of a genre that is still prevalent today. The following is a summary of this work.

The novel begins with the impending marriage of Conrad, son the lord of the Castle Otranto, to Isabella. On the day of the marriage, Conrad is mysteriously struck down by a helmet that falls from the sky and crushes his skull and killing him. Remembering the curse set over the inhabitants of Castle of Otranto declaring that, should they become too proud, they will be replaced by another family, Conrad’s father Manfred panics. Afraid that his family is about to be ended, he decides to divorce his wife, Hippolita, because she has failed to give him a healthy son. Instead, he will marry Isabella himself and attempt to continue his line.

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The Castle of Otranto Quotes

The Castle of Otranto Quotes (showing 1-9 of 9) “I can forgive injuries, but never benefits.” 

― Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto “He was persuaded he could know no happiness but in the society of one with

whom he could for ever indulge the melancholy that had taken possession of his soul.” ― Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto

tags: happiness, marriage, melancholy “But alas! my Lord, what is blood! what is nobility! We are all reptiles, miserable,

sinful creatures. It is piety alone that can distinguish us from the dust whence we sprung, and whither we must return.” ― Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto

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“There is no bombast, no similes, flowers, digressions, or unnecessary descriptions. Everything tends directly to the catastrophe.” ― Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto

tags: writing-craft, writing-style “The gentle maid, whose hapless tale,

these melancholy pages speak;say, gracious lady, shall she failTo draw the tear a down from thy cheek?” ― Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto

“It is natural for a translator to be prejudiced in favour of his adopted work. More impartial readers may not be so much

struck with the beauties of this piece as I was. Yet I am not blind to my author's defects.” ― Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto

tags: translation “Manfred, Prince of Otranto, had one son and one daughter: the latter, a most beautiful virgin, aged eighteen, was called

Matilda. Conrad, the son, was three years younger, a homely youth, sickly, and of no promising disposition; yet he was the darling of his father, who never showed any symptoms of affection to Matilda. Manfred had contracted a marriage for his son with the Marquis of Vicenza’s daughter, Isabella; and she had already been delivered by her guardians into the hands of Manfred, that he might celebrate the wedding as soon as Conrad’s infirm state of health would permit.” ― Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto

“Manfred, Prince of Otranto, had one son and one daughter: the latter, a most beautiful virgin, aged eighteen, was called

Matilda. Conrad, the son, was three years younger, a homely youth, sickly, and of no promising disposition” ― Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto

“informed” 

― Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto

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William Cowper

William Cowper (/ˈkuːpər/ KOO-pər; 26 November 1731 – 25 April 1800)[1]

was an English poet and hymnodist. One of the most popular poets of his time, Cowper changed the direction of 18th century nature poetry by writing of everyday life and scenes of the English countryside. In many ways, he was one of the forerunners of Romantic poetry. Samuel Taylor Coleridge called him "the best modern poet", whilst William Wordsworth particularly admired his poemYardley-Oak. He was a nephew of the poet Judith Madan.

Although after being institutionalised for insanity in the period 1763–65, Cowper found refuge in a fervent evangelical Christianity, the inspiration behind his much-loved hymns, he often experienced doubt and after a dream in 1773 believed that he was doomed to eternal damnation. Later, he would recover and write more religious hymns.

His religious sentiment and association with John Newton (who wrote the hymn "Amazing Grace") led to much of the poetry for which he is best remembered. His poem "Light Shining out of Darkness" gave the English language the idiom"God moves in a mysterious way / His wonders to perform."

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William Cowper: The Task

The Task: A Poem, in Six Books is a poem in blank verse by William Cowperpublished in 1785, usually seen as his supreme achievement. Its six books are called "The Sofa", "The Timepiece", "The Garden", "The Winter Evening", "The Winter Morning Walk" and "The Winter Walk at Noon". Beginning with a mock-Miltonic passage on the origins of the sofa, it develops into a discursive meditation on the blessings of nature, the retired life and religious faith, with attacks on slavery, blood sports, fashionable frivolity, lukewarm clergy and French despotism among other things. Cowper's subjects are those that occur to him naturally in the course of his reflections rather than being suggested by poetic convention, and the diction throughout is, for an 18th-century poem, unusually conversational and unartificial. As the poet himself writes,

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Famous Quotes by William Cowper 

England with all thy faults, I love thee still-- My country! and, while yet a nook is left Where English minds and manners may be found, Shall be constrained to love thee.

 England Quotes, by William Cowper , Source: Task (bk. II, l. 206) Silently as a dream the fabric rose; No sound of hammer or of saw was

there.  Architecture Quotes, by William Cowper , Source: Task (bk. V, l. 144) Me therefore studious of laborious ease.  Study Quotes, by William Cowper , Source: Task (bk. III, The Garden) When admirals extoll'd for standing still, Of doing nothing with a deal of

skill.  Labor Quotes, by William Cowper , Source: Table Talk (l. 192) Slaves cannot breathe in England; if their lungs Receive our air, that

moment they are free; They touch our country, and their shackles fall.

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 Slavery Quotes, by William Cowper , Source: Task (bk. II, l. 40) . . . thieves at home must hang; but he that puts Into his overgorged and

bloated purse The wealth of Indian provinces, escapes.  Corruption Quotes, by William Cowper , Source: Task (bk. I, l. 736) O Winter! ruler of the inverted year, . . . . I crown thee king of intimate

delights, Fireside enjoyments, home-born happiness, And all the comforts that the lowly roof Of undisturb'd Retirement, and the hours Of long uninterrupted evening, know.

 Winter Quotes, by William Cowper , Source: Task (bk. IV, l. 120) Dream after dream ensues; And still they dream that they shall still succeed;

And still are disappointed.  Dreams Quotes, by William Cowper , Source: Task (bk. III, l. 127) And prate and preach about what others prove, As if the world and they

were hand and glove.  Hypocrisy Quotes, by William Cowper , Source: Table Talk (l. 173) Happiness makes up in height for what it lacks in length.  Happiness Quotes, by William Cowper , Source: Task (bk. III, l. 41)

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Tobias Smollett

Tobias George Smollett (19 March 1721 – 17 September 1771) was a Scottish poet and author. He was best known for his picaresque novels, such as The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748) and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751), which influenced later novelists such as Charles Dickens. George Orwell admired Smollett very much. His novels were amended liberally by printers; a definitive edition of each of his works was edited by Dr. O. M. Brack, Jr. to correct variants.

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Tobias Smollett > Quotes

Tobias Smollett quotes (showing 1-8 of 8) “Some men are wise and some are otherwise.” 

― Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Roderick Random “The capital is become an overgrown monster; which like a dropsical head,

will in time leave the body and extremities without nourishment and support.” ― Tobias Smollett, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

“I find that the old Roman baths of this quarter, were found covered by an old

burying ground, belonging to the Abbey; through which, in all probability, the water drains in its passage; so that as we drink the decoction of the living bodies at the Pump-room, we swallow the strainings of rotten bones and carcasses at the private bath - I vow to God, the very idea turns my stomach!” ― Tobias Smollett, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

tags: 18th-century, classics, humour

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“What passes for wine among us, is not the juice of the grape. It is an adulterous mixture, brewed up of nauseous ingredients, by dunces, who are bunglers in the art of poison-making; and yet we, and our forefathers, are and have been poisoned by this cursed drench, without taste or flavour—The only genuine and wholesome beveridge in England, is London porter, and Dorchester table-beer; but as for your ale and your gin, your cyder and your perry, and all the trashy family of made wines, I detest them as infernal compositions, contrived for the destruction of the human species.” ― Tobias Smollett, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

“I can't help suspecting, that there is, or may be some regurgitation from the bath into the cistern of the

pump. In that case, what a felicate beveridge is quaffed by the drinkers; medicated with the sweat and the dirt, and dandriff; and the abominable of various kinds, from twenty different diseased bodies, parboiling in the kettle below.” ― Tobias Smollett, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

tags: 18th-century, bath, classics, humour “Ya se sabe que somos el juguete de los prejuicios.

Jery Melford” ― Tobias Smollett, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

“En fin, la estupidez a veces es más irritante que la bribonería, y también más perjudicial.

Matt Bramble” ― Tobias Smollett, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

“¡Ay de aquella nación en la que la turba tenga libertad para servir sus propias inclinaciones! El comercio, sin

lugar a dudas, es una bendición, mientras esté circunscrito a sus propios canales, pero un exceso de riqueza acarrea siempre un exceso de males: mal gusto, falsos apetitos, falsas necesidades, extravagancia, venalidad y un desprecio del orden que engendran una licenciosidad, insolencia y partidismo que mantienen a la sociedad en continua efervescencia y acaban destruyendo todas las distinciones de la sociedad civil con el único resultado de la anarquía y el motín universales.

Capitán Lismahago” ― Tobias Smollett, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker

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Tobias Smollett: The Adventures of Ferdinand Count Fathom

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The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle is a picaresque novel by the Scottish author Tobias Smollett (1721–1771), first published in 1751, and revised and reissued in 1758. It is the story of the fortunes and misfortunes of the egotistical dandy Peregrine Pickle, and it provides a comic and caustic portrayal of 18th-century European society.

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Henry Fielding

Henry Fielding (22 April 1707 – 8 October 1754) was an English novelist and dramatist known for his rich earthy humour and satirical prowess, and as the author of the novel Tom Jones.

Aside from his literary achievements, he has a significant place in the history of law-enforcement, having founded (with his half-brother John) what some have called London's first police force, the Bow Street Runners, using his authority as a magistrate.

His younger sister, Sarah, also became a successful writer.[1]

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Henry Fielding Quotes

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An Apology for the Life of Mrs. Shamela Andrews, or simply Shamela, as it is more commonly known, is a satirical novel written by Henry Fielding and first published in April 1741 under the name of Mr. Conny Keyber. Fielding never owned to writing the work, but it is widely considered to be his.[1] It is a direct attack on the then-popular novel Pamela (November 1740) by Fielding's contemporary and rival Samuel Richardson and is composed, like Pamela, inepistolary form.

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Henry Fielding: Pamela

Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded is an epistolary novel by Samuel Richardson, first published in 1740. It tells the story of a beautiful 15-year old maidservant named Pamela Andrews, whose country landowner master, Mr. B, makes unwanted advances towards her after the death of his mother, whose maid she was since age 12. Mr. B is infatuated with her, first by her looks and then her innocence and intelligence, but his high rank hinders him from proposing marriage. He abducts her, locks her up in one of his estates, and attempts to seduce and rape her. She rejects him continually, but starts to realise that she is falling in love with him. He intercepts her letters to her parents; reading them, he becomes even more enamored by her innocence, intelligence, and continuous escape attempts. Her virtue is eventually rewarded when he sincerely proposes an equitable marriage to her. In the novel's second part, Pamela attempts to build a successful relationship with him and to acclimatise to upperclass society. The story, a best-seller of its time, was very widely read but criticised for its perceived licentiousness.

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Maurence Sterne: A Sentimental Journey

A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy is a novel by Laurence Sterne, written and first published in 1768, as Sterne was facing death. In 1765, Sterne travelled through France and Italy as far south as Naples, and after returning determined to describe his travels from a sentimental point of view. The novel can be seen as an epilogue to the possibly unfinished work The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, and also as an answer to Tobias Smollett's decidedly unsentimental Travels through France and Italy. Sterne had met Smollett during his travels in Europe, and strongly objected to his spleen, acerbity and quarrelsomeness. He modeled the character ofSmelfungus on him.[1]

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The novel was extremely popular and influential and helped establish travel writing as the dominant genre of the second half of the 18th century. Unlike prior travel accounts which stressed classical learning and objective non-personal points of view, A Sentimental Journey emphasized the subjective discussions of personal taste and sentiments, of manners and morals over classical learning. Throughout the 1770s female travel writers began publishing significant numbers of sentimental travel accounts. Sentiment also became a favorite style among those expressing non-mainstream views including political radicalism.

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A Sentimental Journey Quotes

“Dear sensibility! Source inexhausted of all that's precious in our joys, or costly in our sorrows! Eternal fountain of our feelings! 'tis here I trace thee and this is thy divinity which stirs within me...All comes from thee, great-great SENSORIUM of the world!” ― Laurence Sterne, A Sentimental Journey

“I pity the man who can travel from Dan to Beersheba, and cry, ‘Tis all barren—and so it is; and so is all the world to him who will not cultivate the fruits it offers. I declare, said I, clapping my hands chearily together, that was I in a desart, I would find out wherewith in it to call forth my affections—If I could not do better, I would fasten them upon some sweet myrtle, or seek some melancholy cypress to connect myself to—I would court their shade, and greet them kindly for their protection—I would cut my name upon them, and swear they were the loveliest trees throughout the desert: if their leaves wither’d, I would teach myself to mourn, and when they rejoiced, I would rejoice along with them.” ― Laurence Sterne, A Sentimental Journey

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“I could wish to spy the nakedness of their hearts, and through the different disguises of customs, climates, and religion, find out what is good in them, to fashion my own by. It is for this reason that I have not seen the Palais Royal - nor the facade of the Louvre - nor have attempted to swell the catalogues we have of pictures, statues, and churches - I conceive every fair being as a temple, and would rather enter in, and see the original drawings and loose sketches hung up in it, than the Transfiguration of Raphael itself.” ― Laurence Sterne, A Sentimental Journey

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“The pulsations of the arteries along my fingers pressing across hers, told her what was passing within me:she look’d down—a silence of some moments followed.” ― Laurence Sterne, A Sentimental Journey