webspirs inspec 2000

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Record 1 of 397 in INSPEC 2001/04 Week 3

TI: Orthorhombic titanium aluminides: phases, phase transformations and microstructure evolutionAU: Kumpfert-J; Kaysser-WASO: Zeitschrift-fur-Metallkunde. vol.92, no.2; Feb. 2001; p.128-34PY: 2001RT: Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: The development of light weight high temperature materials with high strength and high creep resistance is strongly driven by turbine engine manufacturers.Titanium aluminides represent an important class of alloys, which provide a unique set of physical and mechanical properties that can lead to substantial payoffs in future aircraft engines. The class of orthorhombic titanium aluminides based on the intermetallic phase Ti/sub 2/AlNb represents the youngest material emerging out of the group of titanium aluminides. The monolithic Ti/sub 2/AlNb basematerial exhibits an attractive combination of low temperature ductility and high temperature tensile strength and creep resistance. The mechanical property profile and the high chemical compatibility of orthorhombic alloys with SiC fibers

in titanium matrix composites make them also very attractive for high temperature use. The phases, phase transformations, and microstructure evolution by thermomechanical processing of orthorhombic alloys is described based on investigations of the Ti/sub 2/AlNb base alloy Ti-22Al-25Nb (at.%). Thermomechanical processing was successful in producing equiaxed as well as defined coarse and fine grained lamellar microstructures. Depending on heat treatment two and three phase microstructures were produced, i.e. beside the ordered orthorhombic O phase, the ordered beta /sub 0/ phase (B2) and the at phase (DO/sub 19/) were determined.AN: 6900932


TI: Building reliability into full-array BGAs

AU: Yuan-Li; Pannikkat-A; Anderson-L; Verma-T; Euzent-BSO: Twenty Sixth IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium (Cat. No.00CH37146). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; v+388 pp.p.146-52PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: To provide the benefits of higher I/O density, smaller feature size, and better electrical performance, a full-array 1.0-mm pitch BGA package family were developed. Three package options, termed A, B and C, were investigated. Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages. The moire interferometrytechnique was used to measure the effective coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of these three options. To more efficiently access package reliability, a thr

ee-dimensional nonlinear finite element method was established. This method hasshown good accuracy in predicting solder joint reliability. Using this method, various factors were studied, including die size, package size, package pad opening size, board pad size, solder ball size, die attach thickness, pad design, substrate thickness and board thickness. These studies have given us a good understanding of the effect of each factor and directions for improving solder joint reliability. The optimum parameter settings were selected for the packages. Finiteelement modeling was used to determine solder joint reliability of the three package options versus die size and package size. Thus, a roadmap of solder jointreliability vs. substrate technology, die size and package size was established.


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From this roadmap, a preset reliability goal can always be achieved by choosingthe right combination of substrate, die and package size.AN: 6900831


TI: Reliable and low cost wafer level packaging. Process description and qualification testing results for wide area vertical expansion (WAVE/sup TM/) packagetechnologyAU: Solberg-V; Light-D; Fjelstad-JSO: Twenty Sixth IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium (Cat. No.00CH37146). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; v+388 pp.p.108-14PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: A number of companies around the world are developing or have begun offering devices processed and packaged in the wafer format. Most of these competing concepts involve the creation of a redistribution layer over the face of the chip,a method long employed by IBM in the development of its well known flip-chip C4processes. Wafer level packaging has the potential for transforming IC packaging from a labor intensive process of making wire bonds one-at-a-time on individual die, to a batch process, much like wafer fabrication. Tessera has developed aunique approach to wafer level packaging that provides a physically robust, comp

liant structure while offering significant cost reduction through a unique method of mass termination and encapsulation. In this paper, the authors describe thematerials and process developed for utilization of "wide area vertical expansion" (WAVE/sup TM/), producing what may prove to be the most reliable chip-size package available. To back up this rather bold statement, the environmental test program description is outlined and test data is offered for review.AN: 6900826


TI: Free space quantum cryptography and satellite secure key distributionAU: Rarity-JG; Gorman-P; Tapster-PRSO: IEE Seminar Nanotechnology and Quantum Computing (Ref. No.00/140). IEE, Lon

don, UK; 2000; 48 pp.p.11/1PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Discusses the first tentative steps to an optically based system for uploading keys to remote platforms using polarisation encoding of weak pulses of light. This method relies on the rules of physics, those of quantum mechanics, to guarantee the absolute security of key generation and exchange and is known as quantum cryptography.AN: 6900821


TI: Ferroelectrics, microsystems and nanotechnologyAU: Whatmore-RWSO: IEE Seminar Nanotechnology and Quantum Computing (Ref. No.00/140). IEE, London, UK; 2000; 48 pp.p.10/1-5PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Ferroelectric materials possess many useful properties which are widely exp


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loited in electronic devices, from the pyroelectric infra-red detectors used inremote light switches and door openers through piezoelectric ceramics and singlecrystals used for sound generators and frequency stabilization/filtering SAW devices in mobile phones to high value chip-capacitors. These properties also makethem useful materials for microsystem devices and in nanotechnology. In recentyears, the ability to grow thin and more recently thick, films of ferroelectricoxides at relatively low temperatures has greatly increased their potential foruse in novel micro-engineered devices. Examples are: low cost thermal imaging arrays using thin pyroelectric films deposited directly upon silicon chips for applications such as automotive and people sensing/monitoring devices; piezoelectric ultrasonic micro-motors and thin film bulk acoustic resonators for frequency control and filtering in mobile communications. In the field of nanotechnology, the SPM can now be used to manipulate domains in ferroelectric thin films on thescale of 200nm or less, bringing new possibilities in the field of high densityinformation storage and other novel reconfigurable devices at the nanometre scale. The commercial exploitation of many of these devices and effects will dependupon the ability to grow good quality ferroelectric thin and thick films onto arange of substrates at low temperatures (ca. 500 degrees C).AN: 6900820


TI: A local variant that bypasses Bell's criterionAU: Campbell-J

SO: IEE Seminar Nanotechnology and Quantum Computing (Ref. No.00/140). IEE, London, UK; 2000; 48 pp.p.5/1-10PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: In this paper, I shall attempt to trace a thread running through four separate areas of research into the foundations of fundamental physics, viz. the EPR-type experiments used to test out the predictions of quantum theory, the relationship between particles and antiparticles, the implications of special relativity and quantum theory for hypothesised tachyonic waves, and the effect on light of travelling through a transmission medium. In this I hope to shed some light ona basic problem with quantum theory from the outset-that of its nonlocal nature

. (A local interpretation requires changes to a system to be communicated between components by physical processes).AN: 6900815


TI: Multiscale estimation of textural features. Application to the characterization of texture anisotropyAU: Germain-C; Da-Costa-JP; Baylou-PSO: Proceedings 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. ICPR-2000. IEEE Comput. Soc, Los Alamitos, CA, USA; 2000; 4 vol.(xxxi+1134+xxxiii+1072+1152+xxix+881) pp.p.923-6 vol.3

PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: This paper deals with the characterization of textures. It focuses on textural properties based on the local differences of attributes, such as homogeneityand orientation. We introduce the scaled scattering indicator (SSI) in order toestimate such textural properties. SSI is computed at various observation scales to take into account micro-textures as well as macro-textures involved in pictures. We establish the theoretical behavior of SSI in the case of a pavement filled with a given textural pattern. We devote this indicator to the multiscale ch


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aracterization of the anisotropy of pictures. Simulation results on synthetic and real pictures confirm the the theoretical approach we have provided: SSI provides an accurate estimation of textural properties like anisotropy, but also gives an estimation of the size of the textural patterns involved in the picture.AN: 6900728


TI: A route design algorithm for multiple-encoding optical CDM switching networkAU: Tode-H; Zhu-Tianwei; Shouhei-Nishi; Murakami-KSO: Proceedings 25th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks. LCN 2000. IEEE Comput. Soc, Los Alamitos, CA, USA; 2000; xviii+702 pp.p.565-72PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: We have already proposed a photonic IP switching system for the next generation Internet, in which a set of multiple encoding CDM signals are utilized as routing information. However, in the method, interference noise between channelsmay restrict routing operations. Thus a new restrict-complied routing method based on the Bellman-Ford algorithm is proposed. Also, we show that the proposed algorithm is more suitable for the multiple-encoding scheme in the optical CDM network than the original Bellman-Ford algorithm. Also, we study some topologies su

itable for the multiple encoding CDM switching scheme.AN: 6900455


TI: UV photodetectors from B-doped diamond filmAU: Thaiyotin-L; Phetchakul-T; Cheirsirikul-S; Supadech-SSO: 2000 TENCON Proceedings. Intelligent Systems and Technologies for the New Millennium (Cat. No.00CH37119). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; 3 vol.(xxv+536+614+527) pp.p.230-3 vol.3PY: 2000RT: Conference-Paper

LA: EnglishAB: The diamond film synthesized on silicon substrate by hot-filament CVD has been used to fabricate photoconductive and photodiode structures for the detection of UV light. The photoconductive device which the higher boron doped has a greater different response between UV light and visible light more than the lower one, but it has more dark current and response time. The Al Schottky photodiode fabricated on the B-doped diamond film showed lower dark current and shorter response time than photoconductive device.AN: 6900312


TI: Implementation of a quantum cryptographic key distribution system

AU: Cheung-WN; Edward-PJ; Ganeshkumar-G; Barbopoulos-LOSO: 2000 TENCON Proceedings. Intelligent Systems and Technologies for the New Millennium (Cat. No.00CH37119). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; 3 vol.(xxv+536+614+527) pp.p.12-16 vol.3PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Details of the implementation of a quantum cryptographic key distribution system are described. Waveforms of detected pulses due to single photons, and qua


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ntum key sequences obtained from the QKD system are given. The aim of the QKD testbed is to provide the University of Canberra (UC) researchers a facility for evaluating various optical and electronic sub-systems for their suitability as part of a practical secure QKD system. The testbed has allowed us to investigate the properties of light emitting diodes as single photon emitters, and the characteristics of photo-multiplier tubes as single photon detectors.AN: 6900268


TI: Safety and comfort of eyeglass displaysAU: Geelhoed-E; Falahee-M; Latham-KSO: Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing. Second International Symposium, HUC 2000. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.1927). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany; 2000; x+247 pp.p.236-47PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: An eyeglass display features two micro displays and both eyes are presentedwith the same image. This configuration is safer than virtual reality helmets,which give rise to severe vision problems and nausea. They are also safer than monocular displays, which impair judgement of distance, speed and size. Current eyeglass display products are occluded and are likely to produce vergence lock, a

potential health hazard. We suggest that eyeglass displays should allow good peripheral vision and should be used in relatively light environments to counteract vergence lock.AN: 6900265


TI: Learning from labeled and unlabeled documents: a comparative study on semi-supervised text classificationAU: Lanquillon-CSO: Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. 4th European Conference,PKDD 2000. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence Vol.1910). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany; 2000; xv+701 pp.

p.490-7PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Supervised learning algorithms usually require large amounts of training data to learn reasonably accurate classifiers. Yet, for many text classification tasks, providing labeled training documents is expensive, while unlabeled documents are readily available in large quantities. Learning from both labeled and unlabeled documents in a semi-supervised framework is a promising approach to reduce the need for labeled training documents. The paper compares three commonly applied text classifiers in the light of semi-supervised learning, namely a linearsupport vector machine, a similarity based tfidf and a Naive Bayes classifier. Results on a real-world text dataset show that these learners may substantially b

enefit from using a large amount of unlabeled documents in addition to some labeled documents.AN: 6900110


TI: Waveguiding at 1550 nm in planar photonic crystal circuitsAU: Nedeljkovic-D; Loncar-M; Doll-T; Scherer-A; Gerretsen-J; Pearsall-TPSO: Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; xii+394 pp.


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1 pp.PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Summary form only. Planar photonic crystal waveguides and devices may offerthe possibility to build photonic circuits with greater density and new functionality compared to existing waveguide devices that are based on the control of light by refraction. The primary vehicles for this research are the study of microcavity lasers as a path to understanding new functionality, and the propagationof light around sharp bends as the path to increasing the packing density of planar optical circuits. We report our results on the successful demonstration ofcoupling and guiding of light in a planar photonic circuit incorporating sharp bends. Planar waveguide circuits were fabricated in silicon on insulator wafers using electron-beam lithography and chemically-assisted ion beam etching. The target ratio between the hole radius and the period was 0.4. Waveguides were formedby omitting a row of holes in the structure during lithography. The waveguide benefits from optical confinement in the plane of propagation by the photonic crystal and confinement perpendicular to the plane by total internal reflection.AN: 6899991


TI: Semiconducting polymers towards device applications: LEDs, displays and photovoltaics

AU: Friend-RHSO: Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; xii+394 pp.1 pp.PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Summary form only. Conjugated polymers now provide a class of processible,film-forming semiconductors and metals. We have worked on the development of thesemiconductor physics of these materials by using them as the active componentsin a range of semiconductor devices. Polymer light-emitting diodes show particular promise, and I report recent developments in colour range (red, green and blue), efficiency (above 20 lumen/W for green emitters), and operating lifetime. I

also discuss progress made on their application to displays, with integration with active-matrix TFT drive, and with patterned deposition using ink-jet printing techniques.AN: 6899987


TI: Diffraction properties of intracavity Bragg gratingsAU: Menez-L; Zaquine-I; Maruani-A; Frey-RSO: Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; xii+394 pp.1 pp.PY: 2000

RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Summary from only. Optical signal processing requires very high diffractionefficiencies and angular selectivities. These parameters are well known to increase with index modulation and material thickness but we study an alternative solution: the insertion of the grating in a Fabry-Perot resonator.AN: 6899984



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TI: 4-6 mu m vertical cavity surface emitting lasers based on lead salt compoundsAU: Schwarzl-T; Springholz-G; Aigle-M; Pascher-H; Heiss-WSO: Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; xii+394 pp.1 pp.PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Summary form only. Coherent emitters for the mid infrared (MIR) range are of high interest due to various gas absorption lines in this region permitting sensitive gas spectroscopy. For these applications usually semiconductor lasers made from lead salt (IV-VI) compounds are used. Although in recent years much progress has been achieved with MIR III-V quantum cascade lasers and with type II antimony based lasers, the lead salt lasers still represent the highest cw operation temperature for electrically pumped MIR diode lasers. In the present work, PbEuTe DBR IV-VI vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) for the 4 - 6 mum range are demonstrated. This represents the longest wavelengths for VCSELs upto now.AN: 6899980


TI: High temperature GaInAsSb/GaAlAsSb quantum well continuous wave lasers

AU: Yarekha-DA; Glastre-G; Perona-A; Rouillard-Y; Boissier-G; Vicet-A; Alibelt-C; Baranov-ANSO: Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; xii+394 pp.1 pp.PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Summary form only. The wavelength range between 2.2 and 2.4 mu m are of great interest for molecular spectroscopy and environmental monitoring. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is one of the most accurate techniques for gasanalysis and to reduce the cost of the equipment diode lasers operating in continuous wave (cw) regime above room temperature (RT) are required. In this contrib

ution we present single mode GaInSbAs-GaAlSbAs QW lasers operating in cw regimeup to 130 degrees C.AN: 6899979


TI: Wavelength-graded surface-emitting laser array with contradirectional surface-mode couplingAU: Kellermann-PO; Finger-N; Gornik-E; Ost-M; Scholz-F; Schweizer-HSO: Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; xii+394 pp.1 pp.PY: 2000

RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Summary form only. The wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) scheme is utilized to increase significantly the transmission rate of optical communication systems. Monolithic arrays of wavelength-graded laser diodes are considered as acompact choice for WDM light sources. Lasers in the visible regime are suitableto be used as emitters in optical short-range data transmission since the attenuation minimum of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) fibres lies near 650 nm. We havedeveloped a wavelength-graded GaInP-AlGaInP surface-emitting laser array with horizontal cavities.


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AN: 6899976


TI: Optical and material studies of indium compositional fluctuations in InGaN/GaN quantum well structuresAU: Shih-Wei-Feng; Yen-Sheng-Lin; Chi-Chih-Liao; Kung-Jeng-Ma; Yanel-CC; Chang-Cheng-Chou; Chia-Ming-Lee; Jen-Inn-ChyiSO: Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; xii+394 pp.1 pp.PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Summary form only given. Indium compositional fluctuations in InGaN are crucially important for efficient light emission in such compounds. It was claimedthat the quantum-dot-like InGaN aggregations trapped carriers for radiative recombination before they were trapped by defects for nonradiative recombination. This argument explained the efficient light emission in a compound of high defectdensity. In this paper, we report the results of photoluminescence (PL), stimulated emission (SE), X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution tunneling electron microscopy on InGaN/GaN quantum well structures grown with MOCVD. In material analyses, we observed clear indium aggregation and phase separation structures. Witha higher nominal indium content, the indium composition fluctuation becomes more

prominent. In optical measurements, we observed the S-shape PL peak variation as a function of temperature. The turning points of the S-shape variation relieson the nominal indium content. Meanwhile, we observed a two-peak feature in theSE spectra. The short- and long-wavelength peaks correspond to the carrier recombination of free-carrier states and localized states.AN: 6899972


TI: Performance characteristics of CW InGaN multiple quantum well laser diodesAU: Kneissl-MSO: Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; xii+394 pp.

1 pp.PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Summary form only given. AlGaInN laser diodes are currently undergoing rapid development with a number of groups having now demonstrated room-temperature CW operation of InGaAIN laser diodes, and the commercialization of violet laser diodes has just recently begun. The reduction of the dislocation density in the GaN material has been shown to be an important factor to improve laser diode performance and lifetime. Although the benefits of low dislocation materials have been clearly demonstrated by the rapid progress in laser diode lifetime, there isstill very little known on how other laser properties, i.e. the distributed lossor internal quantum efficiency, are effected by the dislocation density in the

material. In this paper we compare the performance characteristics of CW laser diodes grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire substrates with otherwise identical devices, but fabricated on laterally epitaxially overgrown GaN on sapphire (LEO) substrates. The InGaAlN films were processed into ridge-waveguide lasers with CAIBE etched mirrors and high reflective coatings. For improved thermal management the sapphire substrate was thinned and the devices weremounted p-side up on a heat sink. For devices grown on LEO substrates, room-temperature CW threshold current densities as low as 5.9 k4/cm/sup 2/ with emissionwavelength near 400 nm have been observed. Under CW conditions, threshold currents were as low as 62 mA with threshold voltages of 7.5 V. CW laser operation wa


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s observed up to a heat sink temperature of 70 degrees C. Significant improvements in light output vs. Current were observed for devices grown on LEO substrates, with CW output powers greater than 20 mW and differential quantum efficienciesof 0.54 W/A. This improved performance can be attributed to the increased internal quantum efficiency and reduced distributed loss in the low dislocation density material obtained with LEO.AN: 6899969


TI: Ultrafast solid-state lasersAU: Keller-USO: Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA; 2000; xii+394 pp.1 pp.PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Today's ultrafast all-solid-state lasers continue to demonstrate unsurpassed performances in terms of pulse duration, pulse repetition rates, average powerand wavelength range. Optical pulses in the 5-femtosecond range are produced bya variety of methods. Although different in technical detail, each method relies on the same three key components: spectral broadening due to the nonlinear optical Kerr effect, dispersion control, and ultrabroadband amplification. The shor

test pulses generated to date all rely on chirped mirrors for dispersion compensation. A major limitation in chirped mirror design arises due to interference between light reflected at different penetration depths inside the minor structure. This results in residual oscillations in the group delay dispersion (GDD) which ultimately limits pulse shortening Unfortunately, there is always a trade-off-between GDD-oscillations and reflection bandwidth. The double-chirped mirror technique (DCM) reduced GDD oscillations and resulted in the sub-6-fs pulses. NovelDCM designs result in a sufficiently large reflection bandwidth that could, inprinciple, support 4-fs pulses. The technique of Kerr lens mode-locking, successful with Ti:sapphire, has not performed so well in directly diode-pumped lasers.Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) were a breakthrough resultingin the first demonstration of self-starting and stable passive mode locking ofdiode-pumped solid-state lasers with an intracavity saturable absorber. The desi

gn freedom of SESAMs has allowed us systematically to investigate the stabilityregime of passive cw mode-locking with an improved understanding and modeling ofQ-switching instabilities. Simple design guidelines allowed us to push the frontiers of ultrafast solid-state lasers.AN: 6899966


TI: FPL curriculum at Tallinn Technical UniversityAU: Tammemae-K; Evartson-TSO: Field-Programmable Logic and Applications. Roadmap to Reconfigurable Computing. 10th International Conference, FPL 2000. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.1896). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany; 2000; xvii+856 pp.

p.830-3PY: 2000RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: This paper describes reconfigurable logic in education at Tallinn TechnicalUniversity (TTU) in the light of rapid changes of country's economical structure and information technology environment. A logical set of courses has been introduced at every educational direction of Computer Engineering (CE) along with the set of design tools, prototyping boards and reconfigurable platforms. The courses, hardware and design tools, used for teaching field programmable logic and m


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ixed hardware/software systems are described.AN: 6899959


TI: Arc lamps for microelectronicsAU: Donofrio-RL; Eckel-RSO: Vehicle Displays and Microsensors '99. 6th Annual Strategic and Technical Symposium. Soc. Inf. Display, San Jose, CA, USA; 1999; vii+240 pp.p.103-11PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Our paper covers the history of mercury arc lamps used for microelectronicsand discusses the equipment used in printing small features and the materials used to fabricate arc lamps. Aging aspects are reviewed with emphasis on AdvancedRadiation Corporation lamps.AN: 6899703


TI: AMOLEDs with rapid thermal processed (RTP) polysilicon TFTsAU: Hatalis-MK; Howell-RS; Stewart-MSO: Vehicle Displays and Microsensors '99. 6th Annual Strategic and Technical S

ymposium. Soc. Inf. Display, San Jose, CA, USA; 1999; vii+240 pp.p.87-93PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Organic light emitting diodes are a new flat panel display technology thatoffers high luminous efficiencies. In this paper, a polysilicon active matrix organic light emitting diode (AM-OLED) display technology is presented. The display design and pixel structures are discussed. A VGA display with a single thin film transistor (TFT) per pixel along with its performance are presented.AN: 6899701


TI: Enabling OLED display technology for vehicular applicationsAU: Mahon-JK; Brown-JJ; Zhou-TX; Hofstra-P; Johnson-DSO: Vehicle Displays and Microsensors '99. 6th Annual Strategic and Technical Symposium. Soc. Inf. Display, San Jose, CA, USA; 1999; vii+240 pp.p.73-6PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Organic light emitting device (OLED) technology has been shown to have thebrightness, range of colors and operating lifetime for full-color flat panel display applications. Moreover, recent technological advances have created excitingnew opportunities for OLED displays in vehicular applications. These include th

e development of transparent and flexible displays as well as the demonstrationof enhanced contrast and brightness for high ambient light environments. The application and advantages of this technology in vehicular applications as well asrecent progress in this area are discussed.AN: 6899698


TI: Haze complications in FPD performance reflection measurementsAU: Pala-S; Kelley-EF


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SO: Vehicle Displays and Microsensors '99. 6th Annual Strategic and Technical Symposium. Soc. Inf. Display, San Jose, CA, USA; 1999; vii+240 pp.p.63-70PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Performance measurements of flat panel displays (FPDs) under realistic conditions are important in evaluating their suitability to specific tasks. Overly simple models of display reflection cannot be applied to some surface treatmentsof FPDs. Of the three reflection components that can be identified (specular, haze, and Lambertian), whenever the haze component exists the reflection measurement is complicated by an apparatus configuration sensitivity that can render themeasurement very irreproducible. We examine the problems associated with reflection measurements in simulated automotive environments and select the most robustapparatus configuration.AN: 6899697


TI: LCiD/sup TM/ technology for the automotive marketAU: Petera-MGSO: Vehicle Displays and Microsensors '99. 6th Annual Strategic and Technical Symposium. Soc. Inf. Display, San Jose, CA, USA; 1999; vii+240 pp.p.47-52

PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: The Liquid Crystal Intense Display (LCiD/sup TM/) is Three-Five System's new variation of color, liquid crystal display (LCD) technology. The LCiD/sup TM/display combines the quality viewing benefits of a color, dot matrix-based display format with the performance benefits of a low-multiplex LCD. LCiD/sup TM/ technology incorporates Three-Five's patented approach to LCD fabrication and layout with a high-brightness backlight and specialized color filter technology to produce a display that both emits and reflects colored light. This creates a display that is viewable in all lighting conditions; from direct sunlight to completedarkness. This is a feature that no other emissive display technology, for theprice, can offer.

AN: 6899694


TI: Enterprise resource planning: a business approach to systems developmentAU: Kelly-S; Holland-C; Light-BSO: Proceedings of the Fifth Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS1999). Assoc. Inf. Syst, Atlanta, GA, USA; 1999; xxiv+1035 pp.p.785-7PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: The problems associated with software development are widely recognised: pr

ojects finish late, cost more than expected, can be unreliable and difficult tomaintain. Even if the information systems are technically sound, they often deliver disappointing organisational results (Hammer, 1990). ERP systems are sold onthe basis that they can limit many of the risks associated with systems development and that the resulting system will be aligned with business requirements (Davenport, 1998). ERP systems are integrated software packages that automate corecorporate activities such as finance, logistics and human resource management and have become the de facto standard in many industries throughout the nineties.The paper suggests that ERP systems have driven systems development into a newphase of maturity. Implementing an ERP system requires the organisation reengine


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er their business in line with the implicit `best practice' business model contained within the system. The focus of the effort has shifted from a heavy weighting towards technical analysis and programming toward business process design andbusiness focussed software configuration. The paper presents a theoretical framework based upon the results of eight international ERP projects, of which a sample of three are presented. The framework explains how ERP projects represent aradically different approach to traditional systems development projects and aims to aid academic and management thinking in this important area.AN: 6899559


TI: Generic information systems design strategiesAU: Holland-CP; Light-BSO: Proceedings of the Fifth Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS1999). Assoc. Inf. Syst, Atlanta, GA, USA; 1999; xxiv+1035 pp.p.396-8PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Legacy systems are now recognised as a major problem in the design and implementation of information systems (ISs) to support new business strategies and novel business processes. IS research into the strategic applications of the technology typically focuses on the alignment of business and IS strategies. However

, it does not explicitly consider the impact of legacy information systems and their impact on new systems design strategies. Similarly, the business process reengineering (BPR) literature assumes a green-field site and does not prescribe strategies for overcoming problems associated with the existing systems and business practices. In this paper, the enterprise resource planning (ERP) approach iscompared with other generic strategic options. The results suggest that, although ERP projects are inherently riskier than less radical approaches, the potential benefits are much higher, and the resulting systems provide a platform for longer-term development.AN: 6899476


TI: Consumer-oriented electronic commerce on the World Wide Web: a comparison of the U.S. and Japanese practicesAU: Sakaguchi-T; Palvia-P; Nath-R; Janz-B; Boller-GSO: Proceedings of the Fifth Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS1999). Assoc. Inf. Syst, Atlanta, GA, USA; 1999; xxiv+1035 pp.p.328-30PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: The Internet's World Wide Web (WWW) is viewed as a strategic information technology with the potential to change the rules by which organizations conduct business, as it provides new means of advertisement, sales, customer services, logistics, and business communications. Another important network application phen

omenon is electronic commerce (EC). Although WWW is a worldwide application by definition, little is known about the profiles of EC activities on the WWW aroundthe world. In this environment, the study attempts to shed light on understanding EC and the WWW and conducts research, as an example of phenomena surroundingthem, on consumer-oriented EC on the WWW, comparing the US and Japanese practices.AN: 6899453



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TI: Coherence degradation of a high-order optical soliton train in the presenceof noiseAU: Kubota-H; Tamura-KR; Nakazawa-MSO: OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics on Optical Amplifiers and their Applications. Vol.30. From the Topical Meeting. Opt. Soc. America, Washington, DC, USA;1999; xii+400 pp.p.364-7PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: We report that there is significant coherence degradation during supercontinuum generation (SC) as the result of the random excitation of high-order solitons initiated by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise. These high-order solitons are excited in both dispersion shifted fibre (DSF) and dispersion flattened fiber (DFF) because of their low dispersion. However, we show that there is nosuch coherence degradation when dispersion decreasing fibre (DDF) is used, where fundamental or low-order solitons are excited. We compared the coherence degradation during SC generation in three kinds of fiber, DDF, DSF and DFF.AN: 6899445


TI: All-optical polarization independent 40 Gbit/s OTDM transmission over 150 km of conventional fiber

AU: Riccardi-E; Calvani-R; Cistemino-F; Girardi-R; Artiglia-M; Pagano-A; Puleo-M; Sordo-BSO: OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics on Optical Amplifiers and their Applications. Vol.30. From the Topical Meeting. Opt. Soc. America, Washington, DC, USA;1999; xii+400 pp.p.284-7PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: A 40 Gbit/s OTDM transmission experiment over 150 km of conventional singlemode fibre (SMF) with dispersion compensation is presented. The OTDM system employs at the receiver stage an original polarization independent de-multiplexer based on polarization diversity degenerate four wave mixing. This scheme allows e

xcellent performance of the OTDM system also in realistic situations where the polarization state of the incoming signal light fluctuates in time.AN: 6899430


TI: Observation of longitudinal spatial hole burning and carrier heating in semiconductor optical amplifiers with injectionAU: Fehr-J-N; Pleumeekers-JL; Hessler-TP; Selbmann-PE; Dupertuis-M-A; Deveaud-B; Emery-J-Y; Dorgeuille-F; Pommereau-F; Dagens-BSO: OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics on Optical Amplifiers and their Applications. Vol.30. From the Topical Meeting. Opt. Soc. America, Washington, DC, USA;1999; xii+400 pp.

p.228-32PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: Measurements of spontaneous emission from an InGaAsP semiconductor opticalamplifier provide information on both carrier density and carrier temperature. By spatially resolving the light emitted along the active layer of the device wefind evidence for longitudinal spatial hole burning which results from amplifiedspontaneous emission in the structure and from the injected optical signal. Under injection, we also observe a pronounced asymmetry of the amplified spontaneou


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s emission intensity from the two facets and relate it to the carrier density profile. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations. An analysis of the measured spectra reveals an unexpected temperature decreaseof 35 K in the middle of the device when light is injected, We conclude that stimulated recombination is not the dominant carrier heating mechanism at 200 mA applied current.AN: 6899417


TI: Multicast demonstration in the optical cross-connect node using the wavelength converter by a semiconductor optical amplifierAU: Miyazaki-T; Kato-T; Nagao-Y; Yamamoto-SSO: OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics on Optical Amplifiers and their Applications. Vol.30. From the Topical Meeting. Opt. Soc. America, Washington, DC, USA;1999; xii+400 pp.p.212-15PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: We demonstrated the multicast capability using the wavelength conversion induced by the cross-gain modulation (XGM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), mixing multiple continuous wave (CW) probe lights with a modulated signal light. The signal performance was evaluated by the Q-factor both for the signal o

utput light to reuse the original signal and the probe output lights which contain reproduced signal information.AN: 6899413


TI: Custom designed gain-flattening filters with highly reproducible spectral characteristicsAU: Arkwright-JW; Hill-PC; Betts-RA; Frisken-SJSO: OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics on Optical Amplifiers and their Applications. Vol.30. From the Topical Meeting. Opt. Soc. America, Washington, DC, USA;1999; xii+400 pp.p.147-50

PY: 1999RT: Conference-PaperLA: EnglishAB: We have demonstrated a gain-flattening filter with very reproducible spectral characteristics. The inherent polarisation dependent loss (PDL), back reflection and temperature dependence of the filter are low and the temperature dependence can be modified by suitable selection of the phase plate material. The filter is small in size and can be readily designed to fit most optical amplifiers inuse today.AN: 6899397


TI: High-concentration photovoltaic designs based on miniature parabolic dishesAU: Feuermann-D; Gordon-JMSO: Solar-Energy. vol.70, no.5; 2001; p.423-30FTXT: SwetsNet (European Mirror) http://www.swetsnet.nl/link/access_db?issn=0038092X&vol=00070&iss=00005&page=423 SwetsNet (US Mirror) http://www.swetsnet.com/link/access_db?issn=0038092X&vol=00070&iss=00005&page=423 ScienceDirect (tm) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=SilverLinker&_urlversion=4&_method=citationSearch&_volkey=0038%2d092X%2370%23423%235&_version=1&md5=5660ef2be55823c8888120a96800ab4b ScienceDirect (China) http://elsevier.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=SilverLinker&_urlversion=4&_method=citati


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onSearch&_volkey=0038%2d092X%2370%23423%235&_version=1&md5=5660ef2be55823c8888120a96800ab4b ScienceDirect (Taiwan) http://sdos.ejournal.ascc.net/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=SilverLinker&_urlversion=4&_method=citationSearch&_volkey=0038%2d092X%2370%23423%235&_version=1&md5=5660ef2be55823c8888120a96800ab4bPY: 2001RT: Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: The development of photovoltaic cells for high flux levels, of the order of1000 suns, opens new challenges for the design of solar cell concentrators. A new approach for concentrating photovoltaic systems that can easily attain the maximum flux levels commensurate with solar cell technology is proposed. The collection unit is a miniature paraboloidal dish (e.g., with a diameter of the orderof 10 cm) that concentrates sunlight into a short glass rod. The flux distribution of the transported light is homogenized in a miniature glass kaleidoscope that is optically coupled to a small, high-efficiency solar cell. The cell residesbehind the dish and can be cooled adequately with a passive heat sink. These nominally independent collection units can be assembled into modules and arrays that produce almost any prescribed power level. All system elements are predicatedon existing technologies.AN: 6899294


TI: Preparation and solar reflectance spectra of chameleon-type building coatin

gsAU: Yiping-Ma; Beirong-Zhu; Keru-WuSO: Solar-Energy. vol.70, no.5; 2001; p.417-22FTXT: SwetsNet (European Mirror) http://www.swetsnet.nl/link/access_db?issn=0038092X&vol=00070&iss=00005&page=417 SwetsNet (US Mirror) http://www.swetsnet.com/link/access_db?issn=0038092X&vol=00070&iss=00005&page=417 ScienceDirect (tm) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=SilverLinker&_urlversion=4&_method=citationSearch&_volkey=0038%2d092X%2370%23417%235&_version=1&md5=5f40113cf8aefc3a5b93ddd24f2916bf ScienceDirect (China) http://elsevier.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=SilverLinker&_urlversion=4&_method=citationSearch&_volkey=0038%2d092X%2370%23417%235&_version=1&md5=5f40113cf8aefc3a5b93ddd24f2916bf ScienceDirect (Taiwan) http://sdos.ejournal.ascc.net/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=SilverLinker&_urlversion=4&_method=citationSearch&_volkey=0038%2

d092X%2370%23417%235&_version=1&md5=5f40113cf8aefc3a5b93ddd24f2916bfPY: 2001RT: Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: In this paper, the preparation of chameleon-type building coatings was investigated. The reversible thermochromic properties of the chameleon-type buildingcoatings at normal temperatures were measured, and their solar reflectance spectra were measured. The results showed that the colors of the chameleon-type building coatings could be changed reversibly between red, violet etc. below 18 degrees C and white above 18 degrees C. The solar reflectance spectra of the coatings showed that they could absorb more solar energy below 18 degrees C than above18 degrees C, which indicated that the coatings had transformed between light-absorbing and light-reflecting at normal temperatures. The characteristics of the

coatings could be used to create a thermally comfortable building environment.AN: 6899293


TI: Cherenkov radiation at speeds below the light threshold phonon-assisted phase matchingAU: Stevens-TE; Wahlstrand-JK; Kuhl-J; Merlin-RSO: Science. vol.291, no.5504; 26 Jan. 2001; p.627-30FTXT: Science http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/291/5504/627 Science (


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International Mirror) http://intl.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/291/5504/627 HighWire http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/291/5504/627PY: 2001RT: Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: Charged particles traveling through matter at speeds larger than the phasevelocity of light in the medium emit Cherenkov radiation. Calculations reveal that for a given angle of the radiation there is a conical wavefront that is associated with two velocities, one above and one below a certain speed threshold. Emission at subluminal but not superluminal speeds is predicted and verified experimentally for relativistic dipoles generated with an optical method based on subpicosecond pulses moving in a nonlinear medium. The dipolar Cherenkov field, inthe range of infrared-active phonons, is identical to that of phonon polaritonsproduced by impulsive laser excitation.AN: 6899213


TI: Spectral response calibrations of X-ray diode photocathodes in the 50-5900eV photon energy regionAU: Bentley-CD; Simmons-ACSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.1202-4FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/1202 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C1202%3AX%3E2

.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: X-ray diode photocathodes are employed in diagnostic instruments on the Helen laser at the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) Aldermaston, UK. The photocathodes are mainly used in the Dante fast diode array and flat response diodes. These diagnostics enable the soft X-ray spectral emissions of laser irradiated targets to be determined. To derive quantitative spectral information, the quantumefficiency of the photocathodes must be known over the range of X-ray energies of interest. The photocathodes were manufactured in 1982, and were initially calibrated at that time. Since then further measurements have been performed in 1988and 1999. The photocathodes have been exposed to a wide range of conditions dur

ing their lives, ranging from use in experiments to storage in a dry nitrogen environment. Reported here are the results of calibrations performed in 1999 at the soft X-ray calibration facility EXCALIBUR at AWE, Aldermaston, and at the National Synchrotron Light Source in Brookhaven NY. An assessment of their current condition and an evaluation of the change in their response over time, and the possible reasons for these changes, are made.AN: 6899189


TI: Laser interferometric experiments for the TJ-II stellarator electron-density measurementsAU: Lamela-H; Acedo-P; Irby-J

SO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.96-102FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/96 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C96%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: Laser two-color heterodyne interferometry is a proven method to measure electron density in fusion plasmas. Though only used in tokamaks with high electrondensities, the idea of also using two-color laser interferometers for stellarat


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ors and small machines to replace far-infrared laser interferometers is being proposed. This will lead to low-cost, reliable, and easy to operate diagnostics for electron-density measurements. In this article, we present the interferometricexperiments we have used for calibration of a two-color laser heterodyne systemfor electron-density measurements in the TJ-II stellarator. These experiments have been based on the use of a novel interferometric scheme: the heterodyne/homodyne interferometer. Finally, we describe the interferometer we have installed in the TJ-II stellarator and present the first results on mechanical-vibration subtraction and electron-density measurements with a two-color laser interferometer in a stellarator (TJ-II, Madrid, Spain).AN: 6899188


TI: Low-temperature scanning-tunneling microscope for luminescence measurementsin high magnetic fieldsAU: Kemerink-M; Gerritsen-JW; Hermsen-JGH; Koenraad-PM; van-Kempen-H; Wolter-JHSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.132-5FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/132 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C132%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Journal-articleLA: English

AB: We have designed and built a low-temperature (1.3-4.2 K) scanning-tunnelingmicroscope which is capable of collecting light that is generated in the tunneling region. Light collection is done by means of two fibers whose cleaved frontis in close proximity ( approximately=1 mm) to the tunneling region. The whole system can be operated in high magnetic fields (11 T) without loss of optical signal strength. As a demonstration, we measured the electroluminescence spectra ofan InGaAs quantum well at various temperatures. At 4.2 K, we found an electron-to-photon conversion factor that is three orders of magnitude higher than at room temperature.AN: 6899186


TI: Electron beam generation from semiconductor photocathodesAU: Arneodo-F; Cavanna-F; De-Mitri-I; Mazza-D; Nassisi-VSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.63-7FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/63 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C63%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: Several measurements on a variety of semiconductor photocathodes were performed in order to determine their photoelectric quantum efficiency. Two differentexcimer lasers (XeCl and KrCl) and a pulsed Xe lamp were used as light sourcesfor electron photoextraction from doped and undoped samples of cadmium telluride

, indium antimonide, and indium phosphide. Large current densities were obtainedup to the limit of the Child-Langmuir law. This suggests the use of these materials for the production of intense electron sources, which could also be used for purity measurements of noble liquids.AN: 6899185


TI: Laser-based apparatus for extended ultraviolet femtosecond time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy


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AU: Siffalovic-P; Drescher-M; Spieweck-M; Wiesenthal-T; Lim-YC; Weidner-R; Elizarov-A; Heinzmann-USO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.30-5FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/30 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C30%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: A novel laser-based apparatus is presented utilizing high harmonic radiation for visible pump-EUV probe experiments on ultrafast processes. True femtosecond temporal resolution is achieved by a monochromator making use of dedicated narrowband multilayer mirrors rather than gratings for selection of single harmonicorders in the photon energy range between 66 and 73 eV. First applications of this new light source for electron spectroscopy on gas phase helium and xenon demonstrate the selection of a single high harmonic order with the intensity ratiobetween the selected and its adjacent harmonic not exceeding 10:1. A pump-probestudy of hot electron production on a solid Pt(110) surface yields a cross-correlation corresponding to a temporal system resolution of 100 fs.AN: 6899173


TI: Development of short-wavelength far-infrared laser for high density plasma

diagnosticsAU: Okajima-S; Nakayama-K; Tazawa-H; Kawahata-K; Tanaka-K; Tokuzawa-T; Ito-Y; Mizuno-KSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.1094-7FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/1094 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C1094%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: For high density operation of the large helical device and for a future large plasma machine such as ITER, a powerful 57 mu m CH/sub 3/OD laser pumped by acontinuous wave 9R(8) CO/sub 2/ laser has been developed. The 57 mu m (5.2 THz)

laser light has been successfully detected by using a GaAs Schottky barrier diode detector with a corner reflector. For optical windows of the plasma vessel and the far-infrared laser crystal quartz etalons have been designed under a concept of a two-wavelength etalon for 119 and 57 mu m lights.AN: 6899172


TI: Time of flight electron spectrometry on TIR using natural diamond detectorAU: Krasilnikov-AV; Makarov-KN; Rastyagaev-IN; Satov-YuA; Smakovskiy-YuB; Alekseyev-AG; Amosov-VNSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.1258-61

FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/1258 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C1258%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: Natural diamond detectors (NDDs) being developed for the spectrometric applications in tokamak fusion plasma experiments, have been used also for fast X-ray flux measurements and time-of-flight (TOF) electron spectrometry in laser beam-target interaction experiments on the CO/sub 2/ laser installation TIR ( lambda


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=10.6 mu m, E=80-95 J, tau ~14 ns). The magnetic field created in front of thedetector provided separation of the signals induced by X-ray and electrons. Thewaveform of a NDD current response has been shown to provide an information about energy spectra of the particles generated during laser beam-target interaction. Fast response time (


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as a frequency reference are presented.AN: 6899161


TI: Angular distribution of ejected atoms from Nd:YAG laser irradiating metalsAU: Torrisi-L; Ando-L; Ciavola-G; Gammino-S; Barna-ASO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.68-72FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/68 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C68%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: A Nd:YAG pulsed laser is employed to irradiate different metals in vacuum at the ECLISSE facility of the Laboratorio Nazionale del Sud, Catania, INFN. Laser pulse energy, 9 ns in width, ranges between 100 and 900 mJ. The ejection of atoms by means of laser irradiation is studied in terms of angular distribution, laser etching yield and film thickness deposited on a substrate. Light elements (Ni, Cu) show an angular distribution that is larger than heavy ones (W, Pb). A theoretical approach, applied to fit experimental data, indicates that the distribution depends on the high power of cos theta and that the flow velocity of ejected atom ranges between 27 000 and 88 000 m/s and the kinetic energy of ejectedspecies ranges between 0.7 and 4.4 keV.

AN: 6899159


TI: Full aperture backscatter diagnostic for the NIF laser facility (abstract)AU: Sewall-N; Lewis-I; Kirkwood-R; Moody-J; Celeste-JSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.975FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/975 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C975%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: English

AB: The current schemes for achieving ignition on the National Ignition Facility require efficient coupling of energy from 192 laser beams to the deuterium-tritium fuel capsule. Each laser beam must propagate through a long scalelength plasma region before being converted to X-rays (indirect drive) or being absorbed on the capsule (direct drive). Laser-plasma instabilities such as stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Raman scattering (SBS and SRS) will scatter a fraction of the incident laser energy out of the target leading to an overall reduction in the coupling efficiency. It is important to measure the character of this scattered light in order to understand it and to develop methods for reducing it to acceptable levels. We are designing a system called the full aperature backscatter diagnostic with the capability to measure the time-dependent amplitude and spectral content of the light which is backscattered through the incident beam focusing optic. The backscattered light will be collected over about 85% of the full be

am aperture and separated into the SBS wavelength band (348-354 nm) and the SRSwavelength band (400-700 nm). Spectrometers coupled to streak cameras will provide time-resolved spectra for both scattered light components. The scattered light amplitude will be measured with fast and slow diodes. The entire system will be routinely calibrated. Analysis of the data will provide important informationfor reducing scattered power, achieving power balance, and finally achieving ignition.AN: 6899149



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TI: Quantitative X-ray imager (abstract)AU: Evans-SC; Archuleta-TN; Oertel-JA; Walsh-PJSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.705FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/705 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C705%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: We report on development of a quantitative X-ray imager (QXI) for the national Inertial Confinement Fusion Program. Included in this development is a studyof photocathode response as a function of photon energy, 2-17.5 keV, which is related to diagnostic development on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The QXI is defined as being a quantative imager due to the repeated characterization.This instrument is systematically checked out, electronically as well as its photocathode X-ray response, both on a direct current and pulsed X-ray sources, before and after its use on a shot campaign. The QXI is a gated X-ray imager/sup 1/used for a variety of experiments conducted in the Inertial Confinement Fusionand Radiation Physics Program. The camera was assembled in Los Alamos and has been under development since 1997 and has now become the workhorse framing cameraby the program. The electronics were built by Grant Applied Physics of San Fransisco, CA./sup 2/ The QXI has been used at the LANL Trident, LLNL Nova, and University of Rochester Laboratory OMEGA laser facilities. The camera consists of a g

rated microchannel plate (MCP), a phosphor coated fiberoptic faceplate coupled to film for data readout, along with high speed electronic pulsers to drive the X-ray detector. The QXI has both a two-strip and a four-strip detection head andhas the ability to individually bias the gain of each of the strips. The timingof the QXI was done at the Trident short pulse laboratory, using 211 nm light. Single strip jitter was looked at as well and determined to be


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using a single photodetector. A wide field-of-view MOSS camera has been developed for imaging applications, while multiple-delay variants of the basic single fixed delay instrument have also been successfully tested. We discuss applications including passive Doppler spectroscopy, charge exchange recombination spectroscopy, and Zeeman and motional Stark effects. For Doppler tomographic applications, we show that such time-domain instruments have certain fundamental advantages, not least of which is a simple relationship between fringe visibility and theline integral of the intensity weighted velocity distribution function.AN: 6899141


TI: Integrated optical measurement system for fluorescence spectroscopy in microfluidic channelsAU: Hubner-J; Mogensen-KB; Jorgensen-AM; Friis-P; Telleman-P; Kutter-JPSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.229-33FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/229 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C229%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: A transportable miniaturized fiber-pigtailed measurement system is presented which allows quantitative fluorescence detection in microliquid handling syste

ms. The microliquid handling chips are made in silica on silicon technology andthe optical functionality is monolithically integrated with the microfluidic channel system. This results in inherent stability and photolithographic alignmentprecision. Permanently attached optical fibers provide a rugged connection to the light source, detection, and data processing unit, which potentially allows field use of such systems. Fluorescence measurements with two dyes, fluorescein, and Bodipy 650/665 X, showed good linear behavior over a wide range of concentrations. Minimally detected concentrations were 250 pM for fluorescein and 100 nM for Bodipy.AN: 6899136


TI: Soft X-ray characterization of a silicon p-n photodiode using a laser produced plasma sourceAU: Eagleton-RT; Ruggles-LESO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.1205FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/1205 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C1205%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: Silicon p-n diodes have proved to be excellent soft X-ray detectors due totheir high sensitivity, nominally flat response, and long term stability. Advances in fabrication techniques have overcome many of the limitations of older sili

con diodes by minimizing the thickness of the surface dead layer which would otherwise absorb low energy X-ray photons. Silicon photodiodes with extremely thin(80 AA) surface dead layers are now available./sup 1/ One of these diodes has been characterized for spectral sensitivity at X-ray photon energies of 163 eV and1.4 keV using a laser produced plasma soft X-ray source. Measurements have alsobeen made to characterize the impulse response using fourth harmonic laser light from a short pulse (80 ps full width half maximum) NdYAG laser.AN: 6899121



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TI: X-ray observations and analysis with the Chandra X-ray observatoryAU: Smith-RSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.1166FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/1166 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C1166%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: The Chandra X-ray telescope has four separate detectors, two charge coupleddevices, and two microchannel plates, behind a set of four highly polished, nested mirrors. The on-orbit performance of the imaging system is


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TI: Status of the new multipoint, multipulse Thomson scattering diagnostic forthe MST RFPAU: Den-Hartog-DJ; Andrew-PL; Holly-DJSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.1133FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/1133 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C1133%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: We are building a new Thomson scattering diagnostic system to measure electron temperature and density on the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) reversed-fieldpinch experiment. This system has been designed to produce accurate single-shotmeasurements for 10 eV


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TI: New type of digital phase linearizer for real-time interferometric measurementAU: Tokuzawa-T; Kawahata-K; Tanaka-K; Ito-Y; Ejiri-A; Simizu-TSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.1103-6FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/1103 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C1103%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: A new type of digital phase linearizer has been developed for real-time electron density measurement using a multichannel far-infrared (FIR) interferometer. The phase linearizer can measure phase shifts up to 640 fringes. The size of internal memory is 16 bits-2 Mwords and the sampling frequency of the waveform data is up to 1 MHz. The internal clock for the counter is selectable to 100 or 200 MHz and the frequencies of the input signals, i.e., the reference signal and the probe one, are around 1 MHz. In the performance test the resolution of the phase components is achieved at 1/100 fringes, which corresponds to the line integrated density of 9.0*10/sup 16/ m/sup -2/. For real-time measurements the phaselinearizer has digital-to-analog converter (DAC) output. The resolution of DAC output is 12 bits and the amplitude is +or- 5 V. The density feedback system on the large helical device has been utilized.AN: 6899100


TI: Collective Thomson scattering using a pulsed CO/sub 2/ laser in JT-60UAU: Kondoh-T; Lee-S; Hutchinson-DP; Richards-RKSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.1143-6FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/1143 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C1143%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: A collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic system using a carbon diox

ide (CO/sub 2/) laser has been developed for the purpose of establishing measurement technique of ion temperature and fast alpha particle in a fusion reaction plasma. A pulsed CO/sub 2/ laser (15 J, 1 mu s at 10.6 mu m) and a heterodyne receiver with a stray light notch filter has been successfully installed. The noiseequivalent power of the heterodyne receiver is below 9*10/sup -19/ W/Hz up to afrequency of 8 GHz. A six-channel filter bank analyzes the spectrum of the scattered light in the frequency range from 0.4 to 4.5 GHz to measure ion temperature and to detect fast ions generated by negative-ion source neutral beam injection of the JT-60U (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokamak 60-Upgrade) plasmas [S. Ishida, JT-60U Team, Nucl. Fusion 39, 1211 (1999)]. Test of the CTS system by injecting the CO/sub 2/ laser into the vacuum vessel of JT-60U has started. Stray light signal around the JT-60U vacuum vessel was detected and optimization of the optical alignment has proceeded.

AN: 6899094


TI: High resolution multiposition Thomson scattering for the TEXTOR tokamakAU: Barth-CJ; Meiden-HJvd; Oyevaar-T; Cardozo-NJLSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.1138-42FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/1138 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C1138%3AX%3E2


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.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: In this article, the recently installed high resolution multiposition Thomson scattering (TS) system of the TEXTOR tokamak is presented. Light from a pulsed ruby laser is scattered by the free electrons of the plasma and transmitted byfiber optics to a polychromator for spectral analysis. The Doppler broadened spectrum of the scattered light is analyzed with a Littrow spectrometer, detectedwith an image intensifier, and recorded with two intensified charge coupled device cameras. Values of the electron temperature (T/sub e/) in the range of 50 eVup to 4 keV can be measured at 450 spatial elements of 2 mm along a chord of 900mm, with a resolution of 8 mm. The observational error on T/sub e/ was found tobe


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SO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.987FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/987 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C987%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: An eight-channel beam-emission-spectroscopy (BES)/sup 1/ system has been installed on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, intended for use with a diagnostic neutralhydrogen beam (DNB). Capable of localized measurements from the plasma edge tothe plasma core, the BES diagnostic collects light from the first Balmer transition (H/sub alpha /) resultant from beam/plasma collisions. The H/sub alpha / line splits into several components whose central wavelengths depend on the viewinggeometry, the magnetic field, and the beam energy. This is due to the Doppler shifts from viewing the beam off perpendicular, the different velocities of the three mass components of the beam (H, H/sub 2/, H/sub 3/), and the large motionalStark effect. Optimal signal-to-noise requires collecting these components while attenuating all other emission: primarily bremsstrahlung and D/sub alpha / radiation (from plasma D/sup 0//e/sup -/ collisions). Tunable bandpass filters arethus required. A BES simulation code has been developed that calculates the brightnesses (bremsstrahlung, D/sub alpha /, H/sub alpha /) versus wavelength usingplasma profile data from the C-Mod MDSplus database,/sup 2/ a computation of thebeam penetration, the viewing and DNB geometries, and bandpass filter characteristics. The model was first used to estimate signal levels and choose the optima

l BES bandpass filters; its ultimate purpose is to determine the shot-to-shot tuning requirements of the filters for different discharge conditions. Comparisonsof measured and predicted background bremsstrahlung and D/sub alpha / brightnesses are presented, as are first measurements and calculations of the beam emission. The code is written in the IDL programming language/sup 3/ utilizing the "widget" graphical user interface. Designed for geometrical and spectral flexibility, it can be modified to simulate other beam diagnostics such as motional-Stark-effect plasma current measurements and charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy, as well as passive diagnostics measuring chord-averaged spectral emission.AN: 6899090


TI: Edge plasma turbulence analysis by collective light scattering in the ToreSupra tokamakAU: Hennequin-P; Honore-C; Truc-A; Quemeneur-A; Gervais-F; Zou-XL; Fenzi-C; Garbet-X; Sabot-R; Thouvenin-DSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.1155-8FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/1155 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C1155%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: Collective light scattering measurement is a powerful tool for investigating fluctuations and their relation with anomalous transport since it allows a dir

ect, discriminating analysis of the turbulent scales. This high scale resolutionhas a counterpart in a poor spatial resolution, but some localization can be recovered allowing us to discriminate edge from core turbulence behavior and to determine turbulence profiles. More information about localization can be obtainedusing temporal dynamics of the scattered signal when the fluctuation velocity in the poloidal plane is sheared. Making use of the consequently separated Doppler shifts, different technics are used to extract localized information from frequency spectra and from the signal phase derivative. Capabilities of the diagnostic are illustrated by recent results obtained on Tore Supra in different regimes.


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AN: 6899080


TI: Observations of radial wild cables in z-pinch plasma (abstract)AU: Kukushkin-AB; Rantsev-Kartinov-VASO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.507FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/507 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C507%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: The results of processing the z-pinch plasma images with the help of the method of multilevel dynamical contrasting (MDC)/sup 1(a),1(b)/ are presented. This method was earlier used for: (i) analyzing the filaments (and their networks)in a gaseous z-pinch/sup 1(a),1(c)/ and (ii) characterization of long-living filaments/sup 2/ of the lifetime comparable with the entire duration of discharge.The original images were taken in visible light, with space resolution ~100 mu mand time resolution ~2-60 ns. The long-life structures are found, which are assembled from straight cylindrical blocks varying in length from a few millimetersto a few centimeters. Such blocks are of various orientation in space, and often they form a common frame. The most important phenomenon is the presence of radial (with respect to z-pinch axis) filaments directed from the periphery to the

core, up to the z-pinch axis. An analysis of the fine structure of the above cylindrical blocks of few millimeter diameter reveals them to be a coaxial structure with the diameter of an inner rod (which may be of tubular form) approximatelysmaller by an order of magnitude. A comparison is made with similar structuresrecently observed in tokamak plasmas./sup 3(a)/ The reliability of the above results is supported by the rich statistics and considerable similarity of the structuring in various regimes, and insensitivity to specific way of imaging. Sometimes the structuring may be seen without MDC processing (in such cases, the MDC allow fine resolution of structuring). The experimental results are analyzed fromthe viewpoint of the hypothesis/sup 3/ about "wild cables" in plasmas of high-current electric discharges. The correlation is found between the measured valuesof the high-frequency electric fields in z-pinch plasma and the values of the Miller force needed to sustain vacuum channels in the plasma which are the essent

ial elements of the wild cable.AN: 6899075


TI: CO/sub 2/ laser imaging interferometer on LHDAU: Tanaka-K; Vyacheslavov-LN; Kawahata-K; Tokuzawa-T; Okajima-SSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.1089-93FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/1089 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C1089%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001

RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: A CO/sub 2/ laser ( lambda =10.6 mu m) imaging interferometer is designed for electron density profile and electron density fluctuation measurements on large helical device (LHD). The purposes of this diagnostic are reliable electron density monitor in high density operation (especially in pellet injection discharge), precise measurement of electron density profiles and observations of density fluctuations. By using a CO/sub 2/ laser, refraction effect becomes negligible, and the interferometer promises to be free from fringe jumps at high density.We plan to get 5 mm spatial resolution, (56 ch for each of two 280 mm slab beams


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, 50 ch for one 250 mm and 16 ch for 80 mm crossed beam), 3*10/sup -3/ rad phaseresolution and 200 kHz frequency response for the above purpose. And fluctuation will be studied within the wave number range of 7*10/sup -3/


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ut slits are coupled to photomultiplier tubes through another two ten-fiber arrays. Several pairs of neutral helium spectral lines are used to measure time andspatially resolved T/sub e/ and n/sub e/. The effect of structures and magneticislands on the plasma profiles is investigated using this diagnostic.AN: 6899059


TI: Advanced plasma diagnostics for investigation of physical processes in laser-irradiated foam targetsAU: Bugrov-AE; Burdonsky-IN; Gavrilov-VV; Goltsov-AYu; Kondrashov-VN; Kovalsky-NG; Pergament-MI; Petryakov-VM; Sorokin-AA; Yankovskii-GM; Zhuzhukalo-EVSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.652FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/652 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C652%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: Recently the low-density foam-like materials have been found to be very attractive for various applications in high energy-density physics. Irradiation ofthese materials by powerful laser pulses is a promising approach for plasma formation with parameters being of interest for inertial confinement fusion, X-ray lasers, modeling of astrophysical phenomena, etc. This article is devoted to deve

lopment and application of diagnostic methods in experiments on irradiation of planar low-density (0.5-10 mg/cm/sup 3/) porous targets with powerful laser pulses (10/sup 13/-10/sup 14/ W/cm/sup 2/). To obtain reliable information on high-temperature dense plasma formation, plasma dynamics, and energy transfer in the target interior, we used a number of optical and X-ray diagnostics providing highspatial (~10 mu m) and temporal (~10 ps) resolution. High-speed X-ray imaging, multiframe optical shadowgraphy, and interferometry, as well as scattered laser light spectroscopy at the fundamental frequency and its harmonics were used in each experiment. Only being used simultaneously these diagnostic methods provide the possibility of understanding the complicated physical processes inside laserirradiated foam-like materials. The possibilities of the diagnostic complex areillustrated by examples of obtained results and corresponding data analysis.AN: 6899057


TI: A direct electron bombarded charge coupled device for dynamic plasma imaging applicationsAU: Weber-F; Celliers-P; Bell-P; Diamond-CSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.651FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/651 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C651%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: English

AB: A variety of plasma physics experiments require the recording of continuoustime history of X-ray emission. Many laboratories have developed X-ray streak camera technology in order to time resolve X-ray spectra or images produced by laser-driven plasma experiments. These cameras record X-rays by converting photonsto electrons, which in turn are focused and swept across an electron sensitivearea detector as a function of time. X-ray photons impinging on a transmission type photocathode generate photoelectrons which are accelerated to energies between 10 and 20 keV and focused onto a phosphor screen. The light from the phosphorimage may be intensified using a microchannel plate, and is usually optically coupled directly onto film or an optical charge coupled device. We have designed


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and built an X-ray sensitive streak camera readout where we replaced the microchannel plate based intensifier and film package with a modified charge coupled device area detector to directly absorb accelerated photoelectrons emitted from the cathode. This system has been integrated into the streak tube arrangement. Wewill present a set of system performance data, which have been obtained from both bench top experiments on a dc source and dynamic measurements at the Nova laser facility. X-ray images at various exposure times show better spatial resolution, improved signal to noise ratio, and higher dynamic range. Other advantages include instantaneous data readout, which enables fast postprocessing, and no increase in overall cost for an engineered system.AN: 6899056


TI: Observations of radial wild cables in tokamak plasmas (abstract)AU: Kukushkin-AB; Rantsev-Kartinov-VASO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.506FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/506 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C506%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: The results of processing the plasma images with the help of the method of

multilevel dynamical contrasting (MDC)/sup 1/ are presented. The images are taken in visible light, with space resolution ~100 mu m and time resolution ~10 mu s, in various tokamaks (TM-2, T-4, T-6, and T-10). The presence of rigid-body filamentary structures is found. They are similar to those structures formerly found in a Z-pinch, whose long life was proven/sup 2/ in tracing their dynamics. Thereliability of results is supported by the rich statistics and considerable similarity of the structures in various facilities and regimes, as well as by the insensitivity of observed structuring to a specific way of imaging (strick camera, fast photography, etc.). Sometimes the structuring may be seen without MDC processing (in such cases, the MDC allows fine resolution of structuring). The mosttypical structure is a straight cylindrical block varying in length from few centimeters up to a diameter of plasma column. The diameter of such a block varies, respectively, from a few millimeters to several centimeters. The most attentio

n is paid to radially directed filaments which, together with toroidal and poloidal filaments, form a network. Detailed analysis of individual cylindrical blocks of several centimeters in diameter revealed them to be a coaxial tubular structure with an inner rod (which may be of tubular form as well) of a few millimeters diameter. The similarity of the above structures to coaxial cables may appearto not be occasional: according to the hypothesis/sup 3/ the elementary coaxialblock of diameter not exceeding few millimeters, is a "wild cable" in which thepropagating high-frequency (HF) electromagnetic wave produces a vacuum channelaround the hypothetical microsolid skeleton/sup 2/ and thus protects the skeleton from the ambient high-temperature plasma. An analysis of measurements of HF electric fields, both inside and outside the plasma column in tokamak T-10, reveals their reasonable agreement with predictions based on the hypothesis./sup 3/.AN: 6899053


TI: The new RFX Thomson scattering systemAU: Pasqualotto-R; Nielsen-P; Giudicotti-LSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.1134-7FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/1134 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C1134%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001


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RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: The present Thomson scattering system at the reversed field experiment routinely determines electron temperature and density profiles in various modes of operation but only provides a single profile of each discharge. The new system will use a Nd:YLF laser providing measurements every 20 ms. At the same time we wish to improve the accuracy of the measurement: to this end a new detection system based on filter spectrometers and avalanche photodiodes has been built. The higher throughput of the spectrometers and the higher quantum efficiency of the detectors give an improvement of signal to noise levels of almost two orders. To improve dynamic range the output is ac coupled. Noise figure of detectors has been investigated in detail. The system is novel in the way data are recorded usingtransient recorders with multiplexing of two channels on each input. The effective accuracy and dynamic range of this system is compared to charge integratingsystems. With a look to the future we have also investigated the possible use ofmulti-element avalanche photodiodes.AN: 6899052


TI: Design and fabrication of a vacuum ultraviolet pinhole camera based on thinphosphor screens (abstract)AU: Baciero-A; Zurro-B; McCarthy-KJ; De-la-Fuente-MC; Burgos-CSO: Review-of-Scientific-Instruments. vol.72, no.1, pt.1-2; Jan. 2001; p.952

FTXT: OJPS Article http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/72/952 InformationQuest http://www.eiq.com/usr_login.html?sici=0034-6748%28000000%2972%3A1P1-2%3C952%3AX%3E2.0.CO%3B2-XPY: 2001RT: Conference-Paper; Journal-articleLA: EnglishAB: A compact and highly sensitive pinhole camera has been developed for acquiring broadband vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission profiles of plasmas in the TJ-II. Its principal purpose is to obtain profiles with sufficiently high resolutionso as to aid in the search for topological structures in stellarator plasmas. Itcan also be used to support experiments such as impurity injection by laser ablation. The original and purpose-designed camera reported here provides optimum sensitivity over a broad spectral range. In the camera vacuum chamber, plasma rad

iation passes through a pinhole and a filter before impinging on a 5*30 mm areaof a P-46 phosphor screen. Thin screens of this material were exte

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