The Axial Skeleton

Consists of _______ bones _______ major regions

o Skullo Vertebral columno Thoracic cage

The Skull

Two sets of bones

______________ bones

Enclose the brain in the cranial cavity Gives attachment sites for head and neck muscles

_______________ bones

Framework of face Contains cavities for the special sense organs of sight, taste, and smell Provides openings for the passage of air and food Secures the teeth Anchors the facial muscles of expression, which we use to show

emotion

Cranial Bones

Occipital bone _______________ bones (2) Frontal bone Temporal bones (2) _______________ bone _______________ bone

Remember: Old P-People From T-Texas Eat Spiders

Parietal Bones and Major Associated Sutures

________________ and ________________ aspects of cranial vault

_________ sutures mark the articulations of parietal bones with frontal, occipital, and temporal bones:

o Coronal suture—between parietal bones and frontal bone o _______________ suture—between right and left parietal bones o _______________ suture—between parietal bones and occipital

bone o Squamous (squamosal) sutures—between parietal and

temporal bones on each side of skull

Occipital Bone

Most of skull’s posterior wall and posterior cranial fossa Contains the foramen magnum “large hole” through which the brain

connects with the __________________________ Articulates at the occipital condyles with 1st vertebra Sites of attachment for the many neck and back muscles

Temporal Bones

Inferolateral aspects of skull and parts of cranial floor Contains the zygomatic process, external acoustic meatus, the styloid

process, and the mastoid process Articulates with the mandible at the _________________

Sphenoid Bone

Complex, ______________________-shaped bone _____________________ bone Articulates with all other cranial bones Three pairs of processes Contains the __________________________ and the hypophyseal fossa that

surround the ________________________ gland

Ethmoid Bone

Deepest skull bone Superior part of nasal septum, roof of nasal cavities Contributes to medial wall of orbits Contains the superior and middle nasal conchae

Contains the crista galli (rooster’s comb) The attachment site for the outermost covering of the brain

Sutural Bones

Tiny irregularly shaped bones that appear within sutures

Facial Bones (14 Total)

Unpaired Bones:

_____________________ _____________________

Paired Bones:

Maxillary bones (2) __________________ bones (2) Nasal bones (2) __________________ bones (2) Palatine bones (2) Inferior nasal Conchae (2)

Remember: Virgil Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh

Mandible

Lower jaw Largest, strongest bone of face Articulates at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ): only freely movable

joint in skull

Maxillary Bones

Medially fused to form upper jaw and central portion of facial skeleton __________________ bone of the facial bones: all facial bones except the

mandible articulate with it

Zygomatic Bones

___________________ Inferolateral margins of orbits Articulates with _______ separate zygomatic processes

o Frontal zygomatic processo Maxillary zygomatic process

o Temporal zygomatic process

Nasal bones

Form bridge of nose Attach to the cartilage that forms most of the skeleton of the nose

Lacrimal bones

In medial walls of orbits Forms part of the canal that drains tears into the nasal cavity

Lacrimation = crying/tear production

Palatine bones

Posterior ____________ of hard palate Posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity Small part of the orbits

Vomer

Plow shaped Lower part of nasal septum

Orbits

Encase eyes and lacrimal glands Sites of attachment for eye muscles Formed by parts of seven bones:

o Frontal boneso Zygomatico _________________ boneso Palatineo _________________o Lacrimalo Maxilla

Remember: Friendly Zebras Speed Past Elderly Lions Mating

Nasal Cavity

Roof, lateral walls, and floor formed by parts of four bones

o Ethmoido Palatine boneso Maxillary boneso Inferior nasal conchae

Nasal septum of bone and hyaline cartilage

Ethmoid Vomer Anterior septal cartilage

Paranasal Sinuses

Mucosa-lined, air-filled spaces ___________________ the skull Enhance _____________________ of voice Found in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones

Hyoid Bone

Not a bone of the skull Does not _______________________ directly with another bone Site of attachment for muscles of ____________________ and speech

Developmental Aspects of the Skull

At birth, the newborn’s skull not fully developed and sutures have not yet fused

o Allows for head compression during birtho Allows for brain growth in the infant

Unossified regions are covered with fibrous membranes called ____________________________ “little fountains”

Anterior fontanelle is present until _____________ years of age

Homeostatic Imbalances: Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

Caused by right and left halves of the palate failing to fuse mediallyo Leads to difficulties _____________________o Risk for _______________________ (inhalation) pneumonia

Review Slides