Name: Date: Number:Science Study Guide: Sun-Moon-Earth Part I

USE YOUR NOTES AND YOUR QUIZZES TO COMPLETE THIS!!!

Lesson 1: I can analyze the effect of the solar eclipse on temperature.(1) What does eclipse mean?To cover up

(2) What is the difference between a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse? Explain in words and drawings!Solar Eclipse – The moon is in between the Earth and the sun. The moon is blocking the sun from hitting the Earth.

SUN – MOON – EARTHLunar Eclipse – The earth is blocking the sunlight from hitting the moon, so the moon appears dark

SUN – EARTH- MOON

(3) How does the sun move in space?Spins/rotates in place

(4) How does the earth move in space? How long does it take?Spins/rotates on an axis – 24 hoursOrbits/revolves around the sun – 1 year

(5) How does the moon move in space? How long does it take?Spins/rotates on an axis – 1 monthOrbits/revolves around earth – 1 month

(6) What is the penumbra? What is the umbra? What do you see if you are in each?Umbra – darkest part of the moon’s shadow; total solar eclipse herePenumbra – lighter part of the moon’s shadow; partial solar eclipse here

(7) Why is there not a solar eclipse every month?**The orbit of the moon is on an angle so it doesn’t line up perfectly between the sun and earth every month**The moon orbits above earth, so the shadow passes above it-The solar eclipse can be seen in different places

(8) Why does not everyone on Earth see a total solar eclipse?The darkest part of the shadow (the umbra) can’t be all over the world at one time

(9) Use the graph to answer questions (a)-(d)

(a) What should you title the graph?Temperature (Degree Celsius) vs. Local Time

(b) How many degrees does the temperature fall?About 6 or 7 degrees Celsius(If you see the degrees dropping to 18 degrees Celsius, then 8 degrees Celsius would work)

(c) What would be the time of the total eclipse? EXPLAIN.An answer between 12:30 pm – 1:15 pm would have worked because that is when it dropped

(d) Write a C-E-R argument in response to the following question: How does the solar eclipse affect the temperature of the ground?This eclipse caused the temperature of the ground to drop dramatically. IN THE GRAPH, at the time of the eclipse at 1:00 pm, the temperature dropped to 20 degrees Celsius. THE ECLIPSE CAUSED THE TEMPERATURE TO DROP BECAUSE the moon covered the sun, which provides the heat.

Lesson 2: I can explain how the steps of the Earth, Sun, and Moon were formed.(10) What is wrong about the following diagram? Explain in complete sentences.

There is one universe, and in the universe there are many, many galaxies. In each galaxy, there are several solar systems and stars. Order should have been: universe, galaxy, solar system.

(11) What are the three types of galaxies? How old are they and how do you know?1. irregular – youngest because there is gas and dust for new stars2. spiral – medium aged because there is some gas and dust

3. elliptical – oldest because there is little gas and dust for new stars; filled with bright stars

(12) What is a nebula?A cloud of gas and dust that is left over from an exploding star

(13) What is nuclear fusion? What kinds of objects in space have nuclear fusion?Nuclear fusion is a chemical reaction that causes stars to shine.IT HAPPENS ONLY IN STARS.Hydrogen + hydrogen = helium (this releases a lot of energy)

(14) What happens to star color, temperature, and size as stars get older?-color – gets more red-temperature – cools-size – expands

(15) Compare (find similarities) and contrast (find differences) the life cycle of an average star vs. a massive star.Similarities:

- **Both massive and average stars get bigger, cooler, and more red as they get older

Differences:- **Massive stars supernova and then they can become neutron stars or black holes- **Average stars become planetary nebulas and then white dwarf stars

(16) List the planets in order starting with the one closest to the sun.Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

(17) Circle the planets above that are gas giants.Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (JSUN)

(18) Use the picture at right to answer (a) – (c).(a) What would the watermelon represent?The sun

(b) How do the sizes of the rocky planets compare to those of the gas planetsGas planets are much, much bigger

(c) What is one thing that is inaccurate about the size comparison in this model?- The sun would be way bigger- Uranus and Neptune are more similar in size than the model shows- Saturn would be bigger than the model shows

(19) List the steps in the formation of the sun.1. An ancient star exploded, leaving behind a nebula of gas and dust2. Gravity pulled gas and dust in swirls together3. Nuclear fusion happened and the sun started shining4. When nuclear fusion happened, it pushed gas and dust to the outside of the solar system

(20) List the steps in the formation of the earth.1. An ancient star exploded, leaving behind a nebula of gas and dust2. Gravity pulls gas, dust, rock, metal into a swirl, and Earth forms at the center3. Chunks of gas, dust, rock, and metal hit the earth and add to its sizeTHEIA DOES NOT BELONG HERE!!

(21) List the steps in the formation of the moon.1. Theia collides with Earth, pushing debris out into space2. Gravity pulls debris back to the Earth and to form the moon3. Craters are formed on the moon when asteroids/meteroids hit

(22) Why does the moon have craters?Craters are formed on the moon when asteroids/meteroids hit

Lesson 3: I can explain the movement of the Earth, Sun, and Moon based on gravity and inertia.(23) What is inertia?The tendency for a moving object to keep moving unless stopped by an outside force

(24) What is gravity?The attractive force (the pull) of anything with mass

(25) True/False._________ Ms. Puricelli has her own gravitational pull. True

_________ In space, a smaller planet would attract a larger planet. False

_________ On a planet with more gravity than Earth, you could use “the force” to pull objects toward you. False

_________ The universe could not exist without gravity. True/False

(26) What was the experimenter testing in this virtual lab?

The effect of distance on gravity strength

(27)Planet Mercury Venus Earth MarsMass (x1023) (kg)

3.3 49 60 6.4

Surface gravity (Earth = 1)

0.38 0.91 1.00 0.38

a) Label the x-axis and y-axis and title the graph.Title: Surface Gravity (Earth = 1) vs. Mass (x1023 kg)b) Plot the data

c) Are mass and surface gravity directly or inversely proportional? Write a C-E-R argument.Surface gravity and mass are directly proportional. IN THE GRAPH, as mass gets larger, so does surface gravity. MASS AND GRAVITY ARE DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL because when there is more mass, there is more substance to do the pulling.

(28) Explain the relationship between gravity and mass using the words directly proportional or inversely proportional.

(29) Explain the relationship between gravity and DISTANCE using the words directly proportional or inversely proportional.

(30) We learned that every object with mass has gravity. On earth, why isn’t a small marble pulled by gravity to a large elephant?

The gravity of the Earth is stronger than the gravity of the elephant

(31) Why does the Earth not go crashing into the sun?1. Inertia is fighting against gravity2. The pull of the other planets affects Earth

(32) What causes orbits in space?Inertia acting in one direction and gravity acting in another AND a difference in mass

(33)

a) As the distance from the sun increases, the time it takes to orbit increasesb) Are orbit time and distance from sun directly or inversely proportional? Explain in a C-E-R argument.

Orbit time and distance are directly proportional. IN THE GRAPH, Pluto is far from the sun and has the longest orbit time. ORBIT TIME AND DISTANCE ARE DIRECTLY PROPROTIONAL BECAUSE as you get farther from the sun, there is more distance to travel and less gravitational pull from the sun.