water treatment technology (tas 3010) lecture notes 2 - environmental microbiology

Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT

© SHAHRUL ISMAIL, DESc.University College of Science and Technology Malaysia

CHAPTER 3:Environmental Microbiology

CHAPTER 2 : CHAPTER 2 : CHAPTER 2 : CHAPTER 2 :

TAS 3101 : WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

Environmental Environmental

Microbiology Microbiology

Environmental Environmental

Microbiology Microbiology


Menu

1) Definition

2) Microbial Interests

3) Microbiological Contaminants

4) Microorganism in environmental

engineering

5) Bacterial Growth and Phases


Introduction

““The study of The study of microbes associated with

Water, drinking water, and Water, drinking water, and

wastewater (and other organic and wastewater (and other organic and

inorganic wastes) as well as inorganic wastes) as well as

Pollutant Degradation” Pollutant Degradation”

Environmental Microbiology Environmental Microbiology


Introduction

““Tiny creatures that individually are single cell Tiny creatures that individually are single cell

organism, too small to be seen with the organism, too small to be seen with the

unaided eyeunaided eye””

What is microbes?? What is microbes??


The Interfaces…..


Microbial Interests

• Microbial roles of interest:

– disease production

– degradation of materials

– production of harmful

substances and/or

conditions


Pathogens in Drinking Water


Pathogens in Surface Water


Introduction

- Microorganisms that play animportant rule in environmentalengineering :

• Bacteria• Viruses• Fungi • Algae• Protozoa

- The important of theseorganisms:

- Causes diseases towards humans- Decomposition of organic and inorganic


• Small organisms - size between 0.5 – 5.0 m

• Present individually - pairs or in chain

• Different kind of shape : rod (bacillus), spiral and sphere

• Double themselves within 15 – 30 minute in suitable condition

Bacteria


Classification of bacteria

According to the utilization of dissolved

oxygen :

• Aerobic : Use DO during decomposition of organic compound

• Anaerobic : Using O2 in the form of different compound

• Facultative: Able to survive in both of the above condition


Disease caused by bacteria

• Typhoid fever : Caused??

• Cholera : Caused ??

• Jaundice fever : Caused??

Salmonelly typhi

Vibrio cholerae

Leptospira


Viruses

• Smallest microorganism – size range from 0.01 – 0.3 m

• Required host for survival• Cause diseases such as

hepatitis, flu, jaundice, polio and aids


Fungi • Plants that unable to do

photosynthesis such as moulds and yeast

• Yeast – used for fermentation – making bread, cake and alcohol

• Moulds – filament– live in acidic condition – reduce the efficiency of

secondary sedimentation tank

– cause unpleasant smell and taste


Algae

• Plant that generate energy by photosynthesis

• Increase the DO level in the water. When??

• What if too much algae??

Present of sun light-Ph

- Taste and smel l- Light penetration- Die off – disintegrate and caused anaerobic condi tion


Protozoa

• Unicell organism – size 10 – 100 m• Use bacteria and algae as source of food


• Could cause disease related to stomach and gastro intestine– e.g.: cryptosporidium : cryptosporidiosis (diarrhea)

• giardis lamblia : giardiasis (diarrhea)

Protozoa


Bacterial Growth

• Generally they reproduce binary fission (i.e. by dividing, the original cell becomes two new organisms)


Phases of Bacteria


Lag Phase :

• The time required for the organism to acclimate to their new environment and begins to divide.


Log / exponential growth phase :

• The presence of access substrate promotes the maximum rate of growth possible, limited only by the ability of the bacteria to reproduce.


Stationary Phase :

• Population remains stationary. Reasons for this phenomenon: – Cell have exhausted the substrate all nutrients necessary for

growth. – Growth of the new cells is offset by the death of whole cells.


Death endogenous phase:

• Depletion of nutrient/food and toxic by-products of cell metabolism inhibit further growth.

• Bacteria death rate exceeds the production of new cell.


“Acquire nutrients, produce energy, biosynthesize, grow,

reproduce, respond to environment, interact,

develop, differentiate, evolve, die”

Microbial Perspectives

water treatment technology (tas 3010) lecture notes 2 - environmental microbiology

Documents

engineering science

umt izan jaafar

phases izan jaafar

taste izan jaafar

aids izan jaafar

environmental engineering

umt pathogens

surface water izan jaafar