Water Quality Monitoring

ACTIVITY 4GROUP 4 SECTION

I

GTS133 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIESSIRINDHORN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGYSEMESTER 2, YEAR 2013

Standards help to identify water quality problems caused by, for example, improperly treated wastewater discharges, runoff or discharges from active or abandoned mining sites, sediment, fertilizers, and chemicals from agricultural areas, and erosion of stream banks caused by improper grazing practices. Standards also support efforts to achieve and maintain protective water quality conditions

Water quality standards are important because they help to protect and restore the quality of the Nation's surface waters

Why Are Water Quality Standards Important?

Materials/Supplies

1 secchi disk2 turbidity meter3 DO meter4 pH indicator 5 conductivity meter

OBJECTIVES

1 To assess water quality to general observation and measurement of temperature, transparency, turbidity, DO, pH , and conductivity.

2 To compare overall test results to pollution control department water-quality standards .

3 To assess overall water quality.

General Observation

What do you see?Observe color?Odor?Flowing?Drain discharge?Fish jumping?

METHODOLOGY ; WHAT TO DO?

Additional Physical and ChemicalProperties

Temperature – Read from conductivity meterWater Transparency – Using Secchi diskTurbidity – Using turbidity meterpH – Using pH indicator stripsDissolved Oxygen (DO) – Using DO meterConductivity – Using conductivity meter

PROCEDURE

pH measurement1 Take the water sample from sampling point2 Measure by putting the pH indicator strips in to

sample3 Compare the color of pH indicator with references4 Compare the value with pH quality index5 Record both reading

Water Sample

pH indicator strips

Reference

Transparency Measurement 1 Slowly lower the Secchi disk into the water until it is no longer visible. Record this depth. 2 Slowly raise the disk until it just becomes visible once again. Record this depth. 3 Average the depths from steps 1 and 2 to get the Secchi depth. 4 This may be repeated for a measurement of precision.

Secchi Disk

Turbidity Measurement1 Use a clean, empty water

quality to collect the water sample.2 Wipe the tube with

a lint-free tissue. Make sure there’re no fingerprints, or other particles on tube.

3 Place the clean tube into the chamber of the turbidity meter. Align the cap(with the slash mark) with the mark on chamber.

4 Select appropriate range on the selection knob.

5 As soon as the reading stabilizes, record the reading as NTU on the data sheet.

6 Remove the tube from the chamber. Empty and rinse the tube(s) with distilled water, dry tube(s), and store tube(s) in kit.

7 Record the results onto data sheet.8 Multiple sampling points

Turbidity Meter

Tube

Chamber

Measured Value

Conductivity Measurement1 Prepare the conductivity meter and probe for

use.2 Calibrate the instrument according to the

manufacturer’s instructions and record the calibration.

3 Turn the conductivity meter on and place the probe into water column and stir with the probe.

4 Wait until the meter stabilizes to obtain the reading for conductivity.

5 Record the reading.6 Multiple sampling points7 Rinse the probe with

distilled water8 Turn off the instrument

and handle the probe carefully so as not to damage it while in the fieldConductivity

Meter

Read conductivity value in µS/cm

Read Temperature

Dissolved Oxygen(DO) Measurement1 Prepare DO meter and Probe for use

2 Calibrate the instrument according to the manufacturer’s instructions

Record the calibration.3 At each station, turn the meter

on and place the probe into water column and stir with the probe.

(Remark : since DO various accorded to depth of water,

be sure to keep the probe’s position on water surface)4 Allow sufficient time for the probe to stabilize before sampling the dissolved oxygen.5 Record the reading and also multiple sampling points6 Rinse the probe with distilled water7 Turn off the instrument and handle the probe carefully so as not to damage it while in the field

(Dissolved Oxygen)DO Meter

Read DO value

Location General ObservationLawn next to canteen

Water has natural color, there's no natural flowing but fountain provided. There's no drain discharge appeared in sight, no odor. There're fish jumping. a little bit oil floating on surface.

RESULTS AND FINDINGS

Sampling location and observation

Sampling Map

Table 1 Results according to water characteristics

Sampling

Point  

Monitoring parameters

Temp

(°C)pH

Transparency

(cm)

Turbidity(NTU)

DOConductivit

y (μS/cm)

(mg/L) %

1 1 27.7 8 94 7.77 4.2 52 584

2 28.0 7 80 8.42 4.3 57 573

Average 

27.85

7.5 86 8.075 4.25 54.5 578.5

2 1 27 7 90 8.29 4 48 585

2 27 7 85 7.79 4.2 45 587

Average 

27 7 87.5 8.04 4.1 46.5 586

Parameter1/Unit

sStatisti

cs

Standard Value for Class2/

Methods for

ExaminationClass1 Class2 Class3 Class4 Class5

1. Color, Odor and Taste - - n n’ n’ n’ - -

2. Temperature C° - n n’ n’ n’ -

Thermometer

3. pH - - n 5-9 5-9 5-9 - Electrometric pH Meter

4. Dissolved Oxygen (DO)2/

mg/l P20 n 6.0 4.0 2.0 - Azide Modification

Remark : 1/The standard value were only given for class 2-4. For class 1, it should be as found in natural environment and class 5 was not given the value2/ The given DO concentrations are the minimum requirement

P Percentile valuen naturallyn' naturally but changing not more than 3°C

* when water hardness not more than 100 mg/l as CaCO3

** when water hardness more than 100 mg/l as CaCO3

Based on Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommended by APHA : American Public Health Association, AWWA : American Water Works Association and WPCF : Water Pollution Control Federation

Source : Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 8, B.E. 2537 (1994), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) , published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 111, Part 16, dated February 24, B.E.2537 (1994).

Classification Objectives/Condition and Beneficial Usage

 Class 1

Extra clean fresh surface water resources used for : (1) conservation not necessary pass through water treatment

process require only ordinary process for pathogenic destruction (2) ecosystem conservation where basic organisms can breed

naturally

Class 2

Very clean fresh surface water resources used for : (1) consumption which requires ordinary water treatment process

before use (2) aquatic organism of conservation 

(3) fisheries (4) recreation

Class 3

Medium clean fresh surface water resources used for :(1) consumption, but passing through an ordinary treatment

process before using (2) agriculture

Class 4

Fairly clean fresh surface water resources used for : (1) consumption, but requires special water treatment process

before using (2) industry

Class 5The sources which are not classification in class 1-4 and used for

navigation.

ALMOST FINISH BUT…

Class 3

Medium clean fresh surface water resources used for :

(1) consumption, but passing through an ordinary treatment process before using 

(2) agriculture

OUR RESULT is…

Temperature = 27.85 degree Celsius.pH = 7.5Transparency = 86 centimetersTurbidity = 8.095 NTUDissolve Oxygen (DO) = 4.25 mg/L and 54.5%Conductivity = 578.5

AFTER CAMPARING AVERAGE RESULTS BELOW WITH TABLES

Then compare recorded valuesWith quality index values!!!

We then get…

Table 1I Results according to water quality index

Samplingpoint

Water quality indexAverag

epH DO Turbidity

11 85 46 82 71

2 90 53 81 74.67

Average 87.5 49.5 81.5 72.85

21 89 40 80 69.67

2 89 35 83 69

Average 89 37.5 81.5 69.335

Comparing Through Water Quality Index Value

BETTERUp to 100

Down to 0WORSE

among 3 parameters (Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, pH) because this specified parameters can show obviously the quality of sampling water. Quality index of each parameters, they are showed below.

pH DO Turbidity Average

Average 1

87.5 49.5 81.5 72.85

Average 2

89 37.5 81.5 69.335

Finale AVR

88.25 43.5 81.5 71.093

71 OUT OF 100 IS FAIRLY GOOD FOR US BUTCompare to the former result of class 3 water qualityWe decided it needs improvement.

So….Hopefully ,faculty and our students should help together to conserve water resources, I think the sampling water requires treatment decently. And we should instruct some way to solve the problem of bad quality water resources and consider developing a sustainable management and preventing resource in longer time.

REFERENCES

Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology., School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology. (2013) Activity Manual; “Activity 4 Water Quality Monitoring”. Pathumthani, COPY center.pp.24-34

"Surface water quality standards".2012-02-30. [http://www.pcd.go.th/info_serv/en_reg_std_water.html]

" Why Are Water Quality Standards Important?".2012-02-30. [http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/standards/imp.cfm]

MEMBERS SECTION 1 GROUP 4

5622780773 Ms.Sataporn Kunapisitkul5622781599 Mr.Thanakorn Othanavathakit5622781862 Mr.Punyawee Anunpattana5622781904 Ms.Thanyaporn Harncharnchai5622781946 Ms.Pawarit Sula5622781961 Mr.Kawinnathi Rattanayan5622781979 Mr.Jaruwit Chaetong5622790020 Mr.Prach Surimittragool5622790061 Mr.Soravit Deshsorn5622790129 Mr.Kamontep Kamonpraphaporn5622790210 Ms.Nattida Luanratanakorn5622790251 Mr.Werapath Jarupan5622790269 Mr.Prach Sameravanich