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Water Monitoring

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Water Monitoring. What/Why ?. Water testing Identifying water content Allows scientists to have a full understanding of what is affecting their stream or river. How?. Physical Tests Chemical Tests. 1: pH Level:. The pH level tells us how acidic or basic our water. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Water Monitoring

Water Monitoring

Page 2: Water Monitoring

What/Why?Water testing • Identifying water content• Allows scientists to have a full understanding

of what is affecting their stream or river.

Page 3: Water Monitoring

How? • Physical Tests• Chemical Tests

Page 4: Water Monitoring

• The pH level tells us how acidic or basic our water.

• The pH range is 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral.

• While a range of 6.5 to 8.2 is optimal for most organisms

1: pH Level:

Page 5: Water Monitoring

How to test the pH1. Fill the test tube to the 10ml line.2. Add one pH tablet.3. Cap the tube and mix to dissolve tablet.4. Compare the color of the sample to the pH color chart.5. Record result as pH.pH 4 1 poorpH 5 1 poorpH 6 3 goodpH 7 4 excellentpH 8 3 goodpH 9 1 poorpH 10 1 poorpH 11 1 poor

Page 6: Water Monitoring

2. Temperature• How hot or cold the water is• Colder water can hold more dissolved oxygen

than warmer water.

Page 7: Water Monitoring

How to take the Temperature

1. Place the thermometer 4 inches below the surface of the water for 1 minute. (in a river)

2. Remove the thermometer and record the results in degrees Celsius.

Page 8: Water Monitoring

3: Dissolved Oxygen• The oxygen amount in the

water.

• Used by fish and other organisms to breathe

• Fast moving water has more dissolved oxygen than slow, stagnant water

Page 9: Water Monitoring

How to test the Dissolved Oxygen

1. Fill the test tube to the top of the tube with sample water.

2. Add two Dissolved Oxygen tablets to the test tube.

3. Cap the tube. Make sure no air bubbles are in the sample.

4. Invert until the tablets dissolve (4 minutes)

5. Wait 5 minutes6. Compare the color of the sample to the

Dissolved Oxygen chart.7. Record result in units ppm (parts per

million).

Page 10: Water Monitoring

Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature chart

Dissolved Oxygen 0 ppm 4 ppm 8ppm2 C 0 29 584 C 0 31 616 C 0 32 648 C 0 34 6810 C 0 35 7112 C 0 37 7414 C 0 39 7816 C 0 41 8118 C 0 42 8420 C 0 44 8822 C 0 46 9224 C 0 48 9526 C 0 49 9928C 0 51 10230 C 0 53 106 Dissolved Oxygen % saturation score 91-110% 4 excellent, 71-90% 3 good, 51-70% 2 fair, <50% 1 poor

Page 11: Water Monitoring

4: Turbidity • Turbidity is the measure of how clear the water is.

• Caused by suspended sediments such as clay, silt, organic and inorganic matter.

(Turbidity should not be confused with color since darkly colored water can still be clear and not turbid). Tributary of Goose Creek, May 13,

2008

Page 12: Water Monitoring

How to test the Turbidity of the water1. Fill the turbidity tube to the line.2. Place the base of the tube on the outline on the

Turbidity Chart.3. Look down through the sample water at the Secchi

disk icon under the tube.4. Compare the appearance of the Secchi disk icon under

the tube to the gray Secchi disk on either side of the tube to determine the turbidity.

5. Record the units in JTU (Jackson Turbidity Units)JTU Score0 4 excellent0 to 40 3 good40 to 100 2 fair>100 1 poor

Page 13: Water Monitoring

Secchi Disk

Page 14: Water Monitoring

5: PhosphatesPhosphorus is a nutrient that acts as a fertilizer for marine plants.

• Over half of the phosphates in lakes, streams, and rivers comes from detergents.

Page 15: Water Monitoring

How to test for Phosphates

1. Fill the test tube to the 5ml line.2. Add one Phosphorus tablet.3. Cap the tube and mix until the tablet has disintegrated.4. Wait 5 minutes.5. Compare the color of the sample to the Phosphate color

chart. 6. Record result in Phosphate ppm.

Phosphate ppm Score1 4 excellent2 3 good4 2 fair

Page 16: Water Monitoring

6: Coliform Bacteria (Feces!)

• Fecal Coliform Bacteria is naturally present in the human digestive tract but is rare in unpolluted waters.

• Its presence in water serves as an indication of sewage contamination.

Page 17: Water Monitoring

How to test for Coliform Bacteria

1. Fill the tube to the 10 ml line.2. Replace the cap.3. Stand the tube upright, with tablet flat on the bottom of the

tube.4. Incubate the tube upright at room temperature for 48

hours. Store out of direct sunlight.5. Compare the contents of the tube to the Coliform Bacteria

Color Chart.Test Results ScoreNegative 3 goodPositive 1 poor

Page 18: Water Monitoring

7: Nitrogen Content

• Nitrogen is a nutrient that acts as a fertilizer for aquatic plants.

• Nitrogen enters the water from human and animal waste, decomposing organic matter, and lawn and crop fertilizer run-off.

Page 19: Water Monitoring

How to test the Nitrogen content

1. Fill the test tube to the 5 ml line.2. Add one #1 nitrate tablet.3. Cap the tube and mix until the tablet has disintegrated.4. Add one #2 nitrate tablet.5. Cap the tube and mix until the tablet has disintegrated.6. Wait 5 minutes.7. Compare the color of sample to the Nitrate Color Chart.8. Record the result as ppm Nitrate (parts per million)9. If reaction is yellow record 0 ppm.

Nitrate (ppm) Score5 2 fair20 1 poor40 1 poor

Page 20: Water Monitoring

Invertebrates

• Invertebrates (animals without backbones) are a natural and important part of any natural water body. • By identifying which species are found, we

can accurately determine the overall health of a stream or river.

Page 21: Water Monitoring

Water Monitoring ResultsDissolved Oxygen

0-8

pH0-14

Phosphates

0-4

Nitrogen

0-40

Turbitidy

0-100

Colliform

Bacteria+ or -

Pond 1.5 6.5 2 2.5 0 Yes

Ches. Bay 2 6 3 3 20 Yes

Potomac 2 8 4 2 0 Yes

South Riding 0 8 2 3 0 Yes

Page 22: Water Monitoring

Water Monitoring Results-Dissolved Oxygen

0-8

pH0-14

Phosphates

0-4

Nitrogen

0-40

Turbitidy

0-100

Colliform

Bacteria+ or -

Shenan-doah 2 7.5 4 2 0 Yes

Goose Creek 2 8 3 1 10 Yes

South Riding 2 0 8.5 4 3 100 Yes

Bull Run 0 8 4 1 0 Yes

Page 23: Water Monitoring

Sources:http://www2.lakecountyohio.org/soil/Construction%20pages/Monitoring.JPG

http://www.swimfix.co.uk/data/uploads/860.JPG

http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/nps/images/Cow's%20in%20stream%20.jpg

http://www.orau.org/ptp/collection/consumer%20products/fertilizer.jpg

http://www.epa.gov/gmpo/archive/wwmonitor/images/hancock-4.jpg

http://www.epa.gov/gmpo/archive/wwmonitor/images/hancock-4.jpg

http://www.epa.gov/history/images/p10b.gif

http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/foci/ice07/imagesOfTheDay/Benthic-invertebrates.jpg

http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/nps/education/equipment.htm