waste management at construction site

8/2/2019 Waste Management at Construction Site

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Waste Management at Construction Site

Ambalal S dhongadi Sawan D Revankar

[email protected] [email protected]

BVBCET, Hubli

Abstract

The Waste is not just rubbish and unwanted

material, but also includes: excavated material such

as dirt, sandstone and soil construction, building

and demolition waste such as asphalt, bricks,

concrete, plasterboard, timber and vegetation

asbestos and a contaminated soil. This paper

analyzes the dangers of construction & demolition

waste and availability of resources and

construction waste management measures put

forward some suggestions and ideas, through the

integration of the classification of construction

waste, so that the already huge waste into a mixture

of resources, and ultimately the sustainable

development of the construction industry. The

purpose of this paper is to provide measures to

prevent solid waste from being blown or washed off

a construction site and onto adjacent properties or

into the City's streets, drainage ditches, storm watersewers, and natural bodies of water within the City,

in the interest of public peace, health, safety,

morals, and general welfare and the protection of

the environment.This paper mainly deals with the

various techniques of waste management like

proper disposal of wastes, recycling & reutilization

of waste thereby minimizing the hazardous effects

of waste leading to a pollution free environment.

Keywords: construction waste, hazards, recycling

1. Introduction

The minimization and disposal of waste has become

one of the most significant environmental issues of

recent years. The disposal of waste can have a

significant impact on the environment, especially as

the total volume available landfill is decreasing. The

various companies are involved with several

construction projects that produce large volumes of

waste therefore, effective waste management will

Reduce the costs associated with wastedisposal,

Reduce the amount of material sent tolandfill by adopting the reduce, re-use,

recover and recycle ethos.

It is estimated that the construction industry in India

generates about 10-12 million tons of waste annually.According to a study commissioned by Technology

Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council

(TIFAC), 70% of the construction industry is not

aware of recycling techniques.

2. How the waste is generated?

Construction and demolition waste is generated

whenever any construction/demolition activity takes

place, such as, building roads, bridges, fly, over,

subway, remodeling etc.8,000 lbs of waste aretypically thrown into the landfill during the

construction of a 2,000 square foot home.

3. Characteristics:

This category of waste is complex due to the different

types of building materials being used but in general

may comprise the following materials

Major components:

Cement concrete Bricks Cement plaster
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Steel (from RCC, door/window frames,roofing support, railings of staircase etc.)

Rubble Stone (marble, granite, sand stone) Timber/wood (especially demolition of old

buildings)

Minor components: Conduits (iron, plastic) Pipes (GI, iron, plastic)

fig.1

4. Hazards of construction waste:

Most construction waste goes into landfills,

increasing the burden on landfill loading and

operation. Waste from sources such as solvents or

chemically treated wood can result in soil and water

pollution.

Construction waste on the environmental impact of

our lives with the broad, fuzzy and hysteresis

characteristics. Broad objective, but the fuzzy and the

lag will be reduced importance in it, resulting in

ecological and geological environmental pollution,

serious damage to urban sanitation; housing and

living conditions deteriorate and hinder the healthy

development of the city.

4.1 Occupation of land, reduce soil

quality:

As the city increased the amount ofconstruction waste, garbage dump sites are

also increasing, while the area of garbage

dumps are also gradually expanding.

In addition, construction waste open dumpsin various cities under external force, but

also into the smaller pieces of gravel near

the soil, changing the material composition

of the soil, destroy soil structure, reduce soil

productivity.

4.2The Pollution of Waters:Piling and construction waste landfill in the process,

due to fermentation and rain leaching, erosion, and

surface water and groundwater and the infiltration of

sewage soaking will cause the surrounding surfacewater and groundwater heavily polluted. Not only

within the landfill leach ate contains large amounts of

organic pollutants, but also contains a lot of metal

and nonmetal contaminants, water quality

components are complex. Once the drinking water is

contaminated that will cause great harm to the human

body.

fig.2

5. The Availability of Construction

Waste Treatment:


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5.1 Construction waste in rocks, concrete blocks and

broken bricks are treated as a concrete or mortar

aggregate use. Construction waste in rocks, concrete

blocks and broken bricks can also be directly used for

strengthening soft soil.

The principle is the use of constructionwaste in the form of bulk material pile of

inorganic materials, through the piles and

pile hammer impact on the interaction

between the soil to form a composite

foundation, thus to improve the bearing

capacity

Scrap steel, wire, steel wire and variousaccessories such as metal, can be used by

sorting, concentration, re-melting, and

processing into a variety of steel products

6. Uses of Construction Waste

The vast majority of construction waste anddemolition debris materials can be reused on

site, salvaged for reuse on-site or elsewhere,

or recycled. Diverting 90% of construction

jobsite waste and over 80% of demolition

debris from landfill disposal is not

uncommon. It has been generally accepted that recycled

aggregates either fine or coarse can be

obtained by primary and secondary crushing

and subsequent removal of impurities. Thebest particle distribution can be achieved by

primary crushing and then secondary

crushing, but a single crushing process is

more effective from the economic point of

view

Recycling of materials can save significantmoney for the state and other purchasers

generate additional trade prospects, save

energy by performing recycling at site, and

preserve thinning resources.

7. Waste Management Planning

Waste management should be an integral part of a

project's development. Each of the principal project

participants-the Owner, their Architectural and

Engineering services (or Construction Management

consultant), the Contractor, and Subcontractors -will

engage in waste management to some degree

throughout the project. Initially, the Owner and their

Architectures and Engineers must establish waste

reduction goals and define what levels of diversion

are achievable and reasonable under the project's

conditions

Establish requirements for waste reduction:Begin with making waste reduction apriority from the start of the project and

planning for it throughout all phases of

design, Construction, installation, and

occupancy

Set goals: Set specific waste reduction goalsfor each project and assemble a team of

qualified professionals experienced in

environmentally sound design and

construction practices. Include these goals

and requirements for experience in requests

for proposals and other contract documents.

Identify materials that can be salvaged and

reused. Monitor and support the program: Monitor

the progress of waste reduction efforts by

requiring contractors to submit the waste

management plan and waste management

progress reports. Support these efforts by

identifying locations to collect and store

recyclables on-site.

Use a Construction Waste ManagementSpecification: A Construction Waste

Management Specification written with legally

enforceable language is your most effective tool to

ensure waste reduction happens successfully on your

project.

7.1 Waste Minimization Techniques

While serious pollution generated from construction

activities, a comprehensive construction waste

management is urgently needed on every

construction site. It is of great importance to structure

ways for minimizing waste generation is seen as the

most favorable solution to waste problems of any

kind. Indeed, it should be made compulsory that

every construction company should enact

construction waste management plan tailored to itsparticular mode of business so that every personnel

from the management to the operational level can

head for the same goal of construction waste

management.

7.2 Storage of Construction and

Demolition Waste


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These wastes are best stored at source, i.e., at the

point of generation. If they are scattered around or

thrown on the road, they not only cause obstruction

to traffic but also add to the workload of the local

body. All attempts should be made to stick to the

following measures:

All construction/demolition waste should bestored within the site itself. A proper screen

should be provided so that the waste does

not get scattered and does not become an

eyesore.

Attempts should be made to keep the wastesegregated into different heaps as far as

possible so that their further gradation and

reuse is facilitated.

Material, which can be reused at the samesite for the purpose of construction, leveling,

making road/pavement etc. should also be

kept in Separate heaps from those, which are

to be sold or land filled.

This subject is often neglected in case ofrepair/maintenance of roads, water pipes,

underground telephone and electric cables

etc. It is not uncommon to see that after such

work, the waste remains piled for months on

the roads or pavements. The concerned

departments and contractors must co-

ordinate with the municipality for removal

of the debris generated. The municipality

while giving permission for such work

should clearly sort out the issue of removal

of the debris and should insist that

immediately after the job is over, the roadshould be repaired and brought back to its

normal shape.

7.3 Collection and Transportation:If the construction debris is stored in skips, then skip

lifters fitted with hydraulic hoist system should be

used for efficient and prompt removal. In case,

trailers are used, then tractors may remove these. For

handling very large volumes, front-end loaders in

combination with sturdy tipper trucks may be used so

that the time taken for loading and unloading is kept

to the minimum.

For small generators of construction debris, e.g.,petty repair/maintenance job, there may be two

options

Specific places for such dumping by thelocal body and

Removal on payment basis.In case of small towns where skips and tipping

trailers are not available, manual loading and

unloading should be permitted.

Close co-ordination between the Sanitary

Department, Municipal Engineering Department and

Town Planning Department is essential if there is no

consolidated Solid Waste Management Department

to take care of the construction and demolition waste

in addition to other municipal garbage.

7.4 RECYCLING AND REUSE:

Some materials can be recycled directly into the same

product for re-use. Others can be reconstituted into

other usable products. Unfortunately, recycling that

requires reprocessing is not usually economically

feasible unless a facility using recycled resources is

located near the material source. Many construction

waste materials that are still usable can be donated to

non-profit organizations. This keeps the material outof the landfill and supports a good cause.

Construction waste recycling is theseparation and recycling of recoverable

waste materials generated during

construction and remodeling.

Packaging, new material scraps and oldmaterials and debris all constitute

potentially recoverable materials. In

renovation, appliances, masonry materials,

doors and windows are recyclable.

fig.3

Need For Adoption of Proper Methodof Recycling

It reduces the demand up on new resources. Cuts down the cost and effort of transport

and production.


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Use waste which would otherwise be lost tolandfill sites

The use of these materials basically depends on their

separation and condition of the separated material. A

majority of these materials are durable and therefore,have a high potential of reuse. It would, however, be

desirable to have quality standards for the recycled

materials.

For example the properties of fresh recycled

aggregate concrete are as follows:

The air content of recycled aggregateconcrete is slightly higher (4-5%) than

concrete with natural aggregate. This

increased air content in the recycled

concrete leads to reduction in the density of

fresh concrete

The bulk density of fresh concrete madewith natural aggregates is in the range of

2400 kg/m3, where as the concrete made

with recycled aggregates is significantly

lighter, 2150 kg/m3.

7.5 DISPOSAL

Being predominantly inert in nature, construction and

demolition waste does not create chemical or

biochemical pollution. Hence maximum effort should

be made to reuse and recycle them as indicated

above. The material can be used for filling/leveling of

low-lying areas. In the industrialized countries,

special landfills are sometimes created for inert

waste, which are normally located in abandoned

mines and quarries. The same can be attempted in our

country also for cities, which are located near open

mining quarries or mines where normally sand is

used as the filling material. However, proper

sampling of the material for its physical and chemical

characteristics has to be done for evaluating its use

under the given circumstances.

8. Conclusion

It is not only the quantity of reuse, also thequality is important.

Other applications than road building arenecessary for durable recycling.

Special local government policy can rise theamount of recycling of C&D waste.

CE marking will be the next step in thebroad acceptance of secondary granulates.

waste management at construction site

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