washington's presidency

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Washington Heads the New Government President Washington transforms the ideas of the Constitution into a real government. George Washington 1 st President of the United States

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Washington Heads the New Government

Washington Heads the New GovernmentPresident Washington transforms the ideas of the Constitution into a real government.

George Washington 1st President of the United States

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The New Government Takes ShapeState court decisions may be appealed to federal courts Judiciary Act of 1789 Creates Supreme Court3 circuit courts13 district courts

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The New Government Takes ShapeWashington Shapes the Executive BranchWashington elected first president of U.S. in 1789 Executive branch is president, vice presidentCongress creates State, War, Treasury Departments

President Washington (far right) meets with his first Cabinet:(from left to right) Henry Knox, Thomas Jefferson, EdmundRandolph (with back turned), and Alexander Hamilton.

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The New Government Takes ShapeAlexander Hamilton becomes Secretary of TreasuryWashington adds Attorney GeneralThese Department heads are Cabinet

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Hamilton and Jefferson DebateHamilton and Jefferson in ConflictHamilton: Strong central government led by wealthy/educatedJefferson: Strong state, local government; Peoples participation Hamilton has Northern support; Jefferson has Southern/Western support

ALEXANDER HAMILTON17551804THOMAS JEFFERSON17431826

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Hamilton and Jefferson DebateHamiltons Economic PlanU.S. owes millions to foreign countries, Private citizensPlan Pay foreign debt with money collected from excise taxes and protective tariffsCreate a National BankAssume states debtSome Southern states have paid debts, against taxes to pay for North

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Hamilton and Jefferson DebatePlan for a National BankHamilton proposes Bank of the United States: Funded by government/ private investorsIssue paper money/handle taxes

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Hamilton and Jefferson DebateDisagreement over Congressional authority to establish bankDebate begins over strict and loose interpretation of ConstitutionStrict interpretation (Jefferson): If it doesn't specifically say you can then you can't.Loose interpretation (Hamilton): If it doesn't specifically say you can't then you can.

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Hamilton and Jefferson DebateThe District of ColumbiaTo win Southern support for his debt plan, Hamilton suggests: moving nations capital from NYC to SouthWashington, D.C. planned on grand scale; government seat by 1800

Pierre LEnfantproposed a federal capital of spacious, tree-lined boulevards,symbolizing thefreedom of theyoung republic.

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The First Political Parties and RebellionSplit in Washingtons cabinet leads to first U.S. political partiesFederalists and Democratic-RepublicansJeffersons allies: Democratic-RepublicansHamiltons allies: FederalistsTwo-party system established as two major parties compete for power

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The First Political Parties and Rebellion

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The First Political Parties and RebellionProtective tariffImport tax on goods produced overseasExcise tax Charged on products manufacture, sale, or distribution

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The First Political Parties and RebellionWhiskey RebellionPennsylvania farmers refuse to pay excise tax on whiskey (which Hamilton called a luxury but they called a necessity). They used whiskey as a medium of exchange in a barter system (like money)Beat up federal marshals, threaten secession, no major loss of lifeFederal government shows it can enforce laws by sending in militia

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The First Political Parties and RebellionWhiskey Rebellion:

A group of rebelstaking part in theWhiskey Rebelliontar and feather atax collector.

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Foreign Affairs Trouble the NationEvents in Europe sharply divide American public opinion in the late 18th century.

French revolutionaries storm the Bastillein Paris, France, on July 14, 1789.

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U.S. Response to Events in EuropeReactions to the French RevolutionFederalists pro-BritishDemocratic-Republicans pro-FrenchWashington declares neutrality, will not support either side

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Foreign Affairs BritianJays TreatyChief Justice John Jay makes treaty with Britain, angers AmericansBritish evacuate posts in Northwest, may continue fur tradeBritish do not agree to stop seizing ships and sailors

United States northern regioncirca 1794

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U.S. Response to Events in EuropeTreaty with SpainPinckneys Treaty of 1795, or Treaty of San Lorenzo, signed.Spain gives up claims to western U.S. Florida-U.S. boundary set at 31st parallelMississippi River open to U.S. traffic

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Native Americans Resist White SettlersFights in the NorthwestMiami tribe chief, Little Turtle, defeats U.S. armyBattle of Fallen Timbers General Anthony Wayne defeats Miami Confederacy at Fallen TimbersMiami sign Treaty of Greenville Give up southern 2/3 of OhioGet less than actual value for land

The Miami war chief Little Turtle negotiates with General Anthony Wayne.

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Washington's Farewell AddressDuring his farewell address, Washington gave the nation two pieces of advice: Do not enter into permanent entangling alliances Do not create political parties. While we ignored the second piece of advice, we managed to stay neutral through the first several presidents

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