washington state department of health environmental public health divisionoffice of drinking water
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Working with Your Local Public Water System
Working with Your Local Public Water System
Sam Perry
Water Treatment EngineerOffice of Drinking Water
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
A Little Bit About MeA Little Bit About Me
Health Care Lots of friends and family in the field
• Physicians• Administrators
Drinking Water Statewide Responsibilities Licensed Professional Engineer Professional Experience:
• 20+ years of service to water and wastewater utilities• 12 years at Washington State DOH – Office of
Drinking Water
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
Office of Drinking Water MissionOffice of Drinking Water Mission
To protect the health of the people of Washington Stateby ensuring safeand reliabledrinking water.
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
High Reliability OrganizationsHigh Reliability Organizations
Concepts Developed from nuclear power industry, air
traffic control, etc. . .
Characteristics1. Preoccupation with failure
2. Reluctance to simplify interpretations
3. Sensitivity to operations
4. Commitment to resilience
5. Deference to expertise
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
Today’s PresentationToday’s Presentation
Healthcare facilities as critical water system customers
Relevant healthcare emergency standards for water supply
Examples of emergency water supply options
Public Water System related resources
Who to contact
Information systems
Guidance materials
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
Healthcare Facilities are Critical FacilitiesHealthcare Facilities are Critical Facilities
What might this mean for a water utility in context of emergency response? Prioritized notification in case of water
system failure
Prioritized service response in times of emergency disruption
Inclusion in coordinated emergency response planning
Courtesy of Gregory Welter, O’Brien & Gere. 2010
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
Healthcare Facility - Emergency Water Supply DriversHealthcare Facility - Emergency Water Supply Drivers
Joint Commission (formerly JCAHO) Standards Emergency Management in Health Care: An
All-Hazards Approach (2009)
Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services Conditions for Participation/Conditions for
Coverage (42 CFR 482.41)
Realities Hurricanes (Katrina, Ivan, Sandy), Ice Storms,
Floods…
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
Extreme Reality – New OrleansExtreme Reality – New Orleans
August 31: Two days after landfall
“With the storm over and the hospital functions leveling off, it was felt that the worst was over. Then, the city’s water pumps ceased functioning. The problem with lack of city water was not that of hand cleaning or having enough drinking water, but rather that the hospital’s air conditioning system would not function. The system uses 150,000 gallons of water per day to cool the chillers. There was an option to use Mississippi water to cool the chillers, but the impure water would soon clog the system.
At this point, Mr. Worley met with his staff, and the decision was made to evacuate Children’s Hospital New Orleans.”
Keith Perrin, MD, FAAP, President, Louisiana Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics (“A First in this century: Closing and reopening of a children’s hospital during a disaster.” Pediatrics journal, 5/6/06)
Courtesy of Gregory Welter, O’Brien & Gere. 2010
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
Evacuation of neonates and other critical care patients at one day after Katrina landfall from Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center by canoe and fan boat
Courtesy of Gregory Welter, O’Brien & Gere. 2010
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Extreme Reality – New OrleansExtreme Reality – New Orleans
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 11
Pacific Northwest RealitiesPacific Northwest Realities
Water Main Breaks Volcanic Eruptions
Earthquakes Floods Wildfires
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 12
Water Main BreaksWater Main Breaks
240,000 main breaks in U.S. per year Most minor, small diameter Some major
Denver (2008) – 66- inch diameter pipe failed catastrophically; Shutdown I-25 for four days (though no loss of service)
Boston (2010) – Large pipe failure – Two million people advised to boil their water
Washington DC (2005) – 24-inch main break disrupted water service for 12 hours to a medical campus with four hospitals
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 13
Developing an Emergency Water Supply Plan (CDC/AWWA Guide)Developing an Emergency Water Supply Plan (CDC/AWWA Guide)
1. Assemble the team*
2. Understand water usage
3. Analyze emergency water supply alternatives*
4. Develop emergency water supply plan (EWSP)*
5. Exercise the EWSP
*Involve your water utility and DOH drinking water
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 14
Emergency Water Supply PlanStep 1: Assemble the TeamEmergency Water Supply PlanStep 1: Assemble the Team
Internal Team Members: Facility Specific
• Management, • End Users, and • Physical Plant Staff
Representative from External Partners: Water Utility Manager or Account Rep DOH – Regional Engineer Local Health Jurisdiction Local Fire Department Local Emergency Management
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
Example: Model emergency water usage audit study at the Fairfax Inova Hospital
Emergency water usage = 185,000 gpd
Heating / Sterilization / Hot water @ 41,800
Administrative @ 450Trauma / critical care @ 6400
Surgical / Cardiovascular@ 4600
General Patient Services @ 12,740
Cooling towers @ 119,400
Emergency Water Supply Plan Step 2: Conduct a Water AuditEmergency Water Supply Plan Step 2: Conduct a Water Audit
Typical water usage = 365,000 gpd
Cooling towers @ 119,400
General Patient Services @ 150,000
Heating / Sterilization / Hot water @ 56,000
Surgical / Cardiovascular@ 23,220
Trauma / critical care @ 13,000 Administrative @ 2910
Emergency water requirement ~half normal usage15
Courtesy of Gregory Welter, O’Brien & Gere. 2010
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
EWSP Step 3: Emergency Water Supply AlternativesEWSP Step 3: Emergency Water Supply Alternatives
1. Multiple points of service from your public water system Different water mains - Same or separate pressure zones
2. Storage Hospital Owned Hospital Dedicated Temporary
3. Hospital’s own emergency supply Non-potable Potable (drinking, hygiene, food service)
4. Trucked water
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 17
Public Water System - DefinedPublic Water System - Defined
Safe Drinking Water Act Applies to any water system that serves
water to an average of more than 25 people for at least 60 days unless the water system• Consists only of distribution and storage
facilities (and does not have any sources or treatment)
• Obtains all its water from, but is not owned or operated by a public water system
• Does not sell water to any person
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 18
Alt. 1: Redundant services from your local water systemAlt. 1: Redundant services from your local water system
Likely to be simplest and cheapest option
Protects against local service disruptions (main breaks, etc…)
Does not provide against system wide issues (major quake, etc…)
Work with your water system
Well
BPS
Reservoir
Reservoir
Reservoir
Well
Critical Node
Redundant Sources
Not-Redundant System
Break the node – no supply to facility
Well
BPS
Reservoir
Reservoir
Reservoir
Well
Redundant Sources
Redundant System
Break the node – no supply to facility from that source
Break the node – no supply to facility from that source
Low probability of 2 simultaneous critical node failures!
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
Physical Attributes Source (type, risk rating, construction) Storage (volume, location) Distribution (population served, sensitive sub-
populations)
Water Quality Data Coliform, chemical, and other contaminants
Sources of Information Data systems (such as Sentry Internet and GIS) Paper files - DOH Regional Offices
DOH Water System InformationDOH Water System Information
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 22
Public Water System InformationPublic Water System Information
Roughly 4,200 public water systems in WA
Sentry Internet DOH Staff
Regional Engineers and Planners
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 26
Alt. 2: StorageAlt. 2: Storage
Volume of Storage Duration Demand
Types of Storage Temporary (Buckets, pillow tanks, etc…) Bottled Water Hospital Owned Reservoir Hospital Dedicated Reservoir
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 27
Storage IssuesStorage Issues
Water quality declines with age Loss of chlorine residual Thermal stratification Rule of thumb – 5 days max residence
time Reservoir maintenance Reservoir intrusion/failure Accidental contamination (bottles)
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 28
Alt. 3: Dedicated Emergency Source (Well)Alt. 3: Dedicated Emergency Source (Well)
Types of demand Non-potable (HVAC) Potable (drinking, hygiene, food service)
Supply scenarios Hospital Owned Hospital Dedicated (water system
maintained)
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 29
Emergency Source IssuesEmergency Source Issues
Know before you drill Well site inspection Hydrogeology Water rights Maintenance & risks Backflow prevention
The source and system may fall under the Safe Drinking Water Act Non-potable vs. Potable (drinking, hygiene, food service)
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 30
Water Utilities – Cross Sector Planning Encouraged NationallyWater Utilities – Cross Sector Planning Encouraged Nationally
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 31
More National CoordinationMore National Coordination
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 32
King County CoordinationKing County Coordination
Emergency water planning meeting Date: April 12, 2012 Objectives included:
• Facilitating cross sector dialogue• Identifying responses to water supply disruptions
Presenters:• Cynthia Dold: Public Health - Seattle & King County• Allen Alston: King County Wastewater Division• Steve Deem: Washington State DOH• Ned Worcester: Seattle Public Utilities• Palmer Pollock: Northwest Kidney Centers • Danica Little: King County Healthcare Coalition
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington 33
Spokane Area (Region 9) CoordinationSpokane Area (Region 9) Coordination
Health Care Coalition Meeting Date: April 26, 2012 Portion of meeting on water Objectives included:
• Emergency water supply planning• Emergency water supply operations
Presenters:• Ed Dzedzy: Lincoln County Health Department• Jeff Johnson & Dorothy Tibbetts: Washington State
DOH• Dan Kegley & Bill Rickard: City of Spokane Water
Department
Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
SummarySummary
Define the scale of the event Minimize single points of failure Coordinate with your water system on
service, source, and storage Involve other local public health partners DOH – Information on local water
systems Physical infrastructure Key decision makers
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
O’Brien & Gere: Gregory Welter
Seattle Public Utilities: Jim Otte, Joan Kersnar
City of Spokane: Chris Peterschmidt
DOH – Office of Drinking Water: Bob James, Dave Christensen, Denise Clifford,
Donna Lynch, Dorothy Tibbetts, Ed Parry, Scott Torpie, Steve Deem
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Questions & CommentsQuestions & Comments
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Washington State Department of Health Environmental Public Health Division Office of Drinking Water
Public Health - Always Working for a Safer and Healthier Washington
For More InformationFor More Information
Resources: Your Local Water System Sentry Internet DOH Regional Engineers and Planners
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