warm up which approach comes to mind for each of the following… 1. unconscious mind, primitive...
TRANSCRIPT
Warm upWhich approach comes to mind for each of the
following…
1. Unconscious mind, primitive urges vs. morality
2. Self-actualization3. Brain, nervous system4. Socioeconomic, culture5. Observable behaviors,
reinforcement/punishment6. Memory, thought process
Psychologist- individuals who have been trained to observe, analyze and evaluate behavior.
Psychiatrist- Treat individuals with disturbed behavior. Psychiatrist CAN prescribe medicine.
SOOO… who actually uses these approaches?!
GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY
Why study animals and humans?
GOAL #1 - DESCRIBEGather information about a behavior being studied
Present what is known
What is a behavior?
GOAL #2- EXPLANATIONBeyond just stating facts
WHY
Psychological principles- valid ideas about behavior
Proposed as a hypothesis
Complex explanations : THEORIES
GOAL #3- PREDICTIONAFTER knowledge has been accumulated
What is my dog going to do next?How will Lanae feel when her mom yells at
her?
Study past behaviors
GOAL #4- INFLUENCEBasic science- research
How can what we already know help others?Applied science- solve problems
How do we know this is accurate?SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Facts are based on data through RESEARCH
PAGE 36-41: RESEARCHSTEP ONE-
STEP TWO-
STEP THREE-
SAMPLEREPRESENTATIVE
NONREPRESENTATIVE
AVOIDING NONREPRESENTATIVE1.
2.
How far can an average 50 year old man run?
Representative- includes a wide variety of 50 year old men
Nonrepresentative- includes a variety of 50 year old men, 95% who are marathon runners
METHODSNaturalistic Observation- observes the
individual/animal in their natural setting (unaware)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3np1TeltSU
What is a PRO about this method?
METHODSCase Study- intensive study on one or more
individuals
These can NOT be generalized!!!
METHODSSurveys- many individuals asked a
set of questions
METHODSLongitudinal Study- Same group of
individuals studied at set intervals for a long range of time.
Focus on change in characteristics
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nM-yKeJg-So
METHODSCross-Sectional Studies- data is collected
from groups of different ages then compared
What might this type of study help psychologists figure out?
CorrelationRelationship between two sets of data
Can be positive OR negative, or show no correlation
Correlation does NOT equal causation
EXPERIMENTSHow would this differ from the
previous research methods?
EXPERIMENTScontrol the situationVariable-factor which is capable of change
INDEPENDENT VS. DEPENDENT
The experimenter can change or alter
Experimental group is exposed to this variable
Changes in relation to the independent variable (if there is an affect)
We are becoming psychologists!